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論文

Persistent magnetic coherence in magnets

巻内 崇彦*; 日置 友智*; 清水 祐樹*; 星 幸治郎*; Elyasi, M.*; 山本 慧; 横井 直人*; Serga, A. A.*; Hillebrands, B.*; Bauer, G. E. W.*; et al.

Nature Materials, 23(5), p.627 - 632, 2024/05

 被引用回数:6 パーセンタイル:95.85(Chemistry, Physical)

When excited, a magnetization in a magnet precesses around the field in an anticlockwise manner on a time scale governed by viscous magnetization damping, after which any information carried by the initial actuation seems to be lost. The damping appears to be a fundamental bottleneck for the use of magnets in information processing. Nevertheless, here we demonstrate recall of the magnetization-precession phase after times that far exceed the damping time scale by two orders of magnitude using dedicated two-colour microwave pump-and-probe experiments for a Y$$_{3}$$Fe$$_{5}$$O$$_{12}$$ microstructured film. Time- resolved magnetization state tomography confirms the magnetic persistent coherence (MPC) by revealing a double-exponential decay of the magnetization correlation. We attribute MPC to a feedback effect, viz. coherent coupling of the uniform precession with long-lived excitations at the minima of the spin-wave dispersion relation. Our finding liberates magnetic systems from the strong damping in nanostructures tyranny that limits their use in coherent information storage and processing.

論文

Nonlinear enhancement of coherent magnetization dynamics

Elyasi, M.*; 山本 慧; 日置 友智*; 巻内 崇彦*; 清水 祐樹*; 齊藤 英治*; Bauer, G. E. W.*

Physical Review B, 109(18), p.L180402_1 - L180402_7, 2024/05

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.00(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Magnets are interesting materials for classical and quantum information technologies. However, the short decoherence and dephasing times that determine the scale and speed of information networks severely limit the appeal of employing the ferromagnetic resonance. Here we show that the lifetime and coherence of the uniform Kittel mode can be enhanced by three-magnon interaction-induced mixing with the long-lived magnons at the minima of the dispersion relation. Analytical and numerical calculations based on this model explain recent experimental results and predict experimental signatures of quantum coherence.

論文

Nonlinear magnon polaritons

Lee, O.*; 山本 慧; 埋田 真樹; Zollitsch, C. W.*; Elyasi, M.*; 吉川 貴史*; 齊藤 英治; Bauer, G. E. W.*; 紅林 秀和*

Physical Review Letters, 130(4), p.046703_1 - 046703_6, 2023/01

 被引用回数:13 パーセンタイル:93.36(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that nonlinear spin-wave interactions suppress the hybrid magnon-photon quasiparticle or "magnon polariton" in microwave spectra of an yttrium iron garnet film detected by an on-chip split-ring resonator. We observe a strong coupling between the Kittel and microwave cavity modes in terms of an avoided crossing as a function of magnetic fields at low microwave input powers, but a complete closing of the gap at high powers. The experimental results are well explained by a theoretical model including the three-magnon decay of the Kittel magnon into spin waves. The gap closure originates from the saturation of the ferromagnetic resonance above the Suhl instability threshold by a coherent back reaction from the spin waves.

論文

Stochasticity of the magnon parametron

Elyasi, M.*; 齊藤 英治; Bauer, G. E. W.*

Physical Review B, 105(5), p.054403_1 - 054403_12, 2022/02

 被引用回数:13 パーセンタイル:78.54(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Unconventional computing schemes based on bistable systems ("Ising spins") may supersede conventional computing paradigms. The "magnon parametron" is an Ising spin that forms as a result of parametric excitation of a ferromagnetic particle by microwaves beyond a certain threshold. This Ising spin becomes unstable at a second threshold power at which a high-frequency telegraph noise emerges. We explain the experimentally observed stochastic switching ("p-bit" characteristics) at room temperature by the Suhl instability of the uniform magnetization precession.

論文

Observation of magnon polarization

南部 雄亮*; Barker, J.*; 沖野 夕貴*; 吉川 貴史*; 塩見 雄毅*; Enderle, M.*; Weber, T.*; Winn, B.*; Graves-Brook, M.*; Tranquada, J. M.*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 125(2), p.027201_1 - 027201_6, 2020/07

 被引用回数:56 パーセンタイル:94.57(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

We measure the mode-resolved direction of the precessional motion of the magnetic order, i.e., magnon polarization, via the chiral term of inelastic polarized neutron scattering spectra. The magnon polarization is a unique and unambiguous signature of magnets and is important in spintronics, affecting thermodynamic properties such as the magnitude and sign of the spin Seebeck effect. However, it has never been directly measured in any material until this work. The observation of both signs of magnon polarization in Y$$_3$$Fe$$_5$$O$$_{12}$$ also gives direct proof of its ferrimagnetic nature. The experiments agree very well with atomistic simulations of the scattering cross section.

論文

Spin transport in insulators without exchange stiffness

大柳 洸一*; 高橋 三郎*; Cornelissen, L. J.*; Shan, J.*; 大門 俊介*; 吉川 貴史*; Bauer, G. E. W.*; Van Wees, B. J.*; 齊藤 英治

Nature Communications (Internet), 10, p.4740_1 - 4740_6, 2019/10

 被引用回数:46 パーセンタイル:90.18(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

The discovery of new materials that efficiently transmit spin currents has been important for spintronics and material science. The electric insulator Gd$$_3$$Ga$$_5$$O$$_{12}$$ (GGG), a standard substrate for growing magnetic films, can be a spin current generator, but has never been considered as a superior conduit for spin currents. Here we report spin current propagation in paramagnetic GGG over several microns. Surprisingly, spin transport persists up to temperatures of 100 K $$gg$$ T$$_g$$=180 mK, the magnetic glass-like transition temperature of GGG. At 5 K and 3.5 T, we find a spin diffusion length $$lambda_mathrm{GGG}=1.8pm0.2$$ $$mu$$m and a spin conductivity $$sigma_mathrm{GGG}=(7.3 pm 0.3)times 10^4$$ Sm$$^{-1}$$ that is larger than that of the record quality magnet Y$$_3$$Fe$$_5$$O$$_{12}$$ (YIG). We conclude that exchange stiffness is not required for efficient spin transport, which challenges conventional models and provides new material-design strategies for spintronic devices.

論文

Magnon polarons in the spin Seebeck effect

吉川 貴史*; Shen, K.*; Flebus, B.*; Duine, R. A.*; 内田 健一*; Qiu, Z.*; Bauer, G. E. W.*; 齊藤 英治

Physical Review Letters, 117(20), p.207203_1 - 207203_6, 2016/11

 被引用回数:159 パーセンタイル:97.72(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Sharp structures in the magnetic field-dependent spin Seebeck effect (SSE) voltages of Pt/Y$$_{3}$$Fe$$_{5}$$O$$_{12}$$ at low temperatures are attributed to the magnon-phonon interaction. Experimental results are well reproduced by a Boltzmann theory that includes magnetoelastic coupling. The SSE anomalies coincide with magnetic fields tuned to the threshold of magnon-polaron formation. The effect gives insight into the relative quality of the lattice and magnetization dynamics.

論文

Observation of temperature-gradient-induced magnetization

Hou, D.*; Qiu, Z.*; 井口 亮*; 佐藤 浩司*; Vehstedt, E. K.*; 内田 健一*; Bauer, G. E. W.*; 齊藤 英治

Nature Communications (Internet), 7, p.12265_1 - 12265_6, 2016/07

 被引用回数:13 パーセンタイル:63.17(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Applying magnetic fields has been the method of choice to magnetize non-magnetic materials, but they are difficult to focus. The magneto-electric effect and voltage-induced magnetization generate magnetization by applied electric fields, but only in special compounds or heterostructures. Here we demonstrate that a simple metal such as gold can be magnetized by a temperature gradient or magnetic resonance when in contact with a magnetic insulator by observing an anomalous Hall-like effect, which directly proves the breakdown of time-reversal symmetry. Such Hall measurements give experimental access to the spectral spin Hall conductance of the host metal, which is closely related to other spin caloritronics phenomena such as the spin Nernst effect and serves as a reference for theoretical calculation.

論文

Theory of spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) and related phenomena

Chen, Y.-T.*; 高橋 三郎*; 中山 裕康*; Althammer, M.*; Goennenwein, S. T. B.*; 齊藤 英治; Bauer, G. E. W.*

Journal of Physics; Condensed Matter, 28(10), p.103004_1 - 103004_15, 2016/03

 被引用回数:89 パーセンタイル:62.54(Physics, Condensed Matter)

スピンホール効果によってスピン流が発生する金属と磁性絶縁体との二重層におけるいわゆるスピンホール磁気抵抗(SMR)を概観する。関連する角運動量が強磁性層に伝達され、それにより電気抵抗が印加電流と磁化方向との間の角度によって変調される。SMRは、絶縁体の磁化方向とスピン伝達トルクを非侵入的に測定するための便利なツールを提供する。SMR、すなわちスピン拡散理論および量子力学的境界条件を計算するための最小の理論的手段を紹介する。これは、実験に適合させることができる少数のパラメータを導出する。理論の限界と、強磁性近接効果やRashbaスピン軌道トルクなどの代替メカニズムについて議論し、新しい展開を指摘する。

論文

Origin of the spin Seebeck effect in compensated ferrimagnets

Gepr$"a$gs, S.*; Kehlberger, A.*; Coletta, F.*; Qiu, Z.*; Guo, E.-J.*; Schulz, T.*; Mix, C.*; Meyer, S.*; Kamra, A.*; Althammer, M.*; et al.

Nature Communications (Internet), 7, p.10452_1 - 10452_6, 2016/02

 被引用回数:164 パーセンタイル:97.41(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Magnons are the elementary excitations of a magnetically ordered system. Here, we show that the spin Seebeck effect is sensitive to the complexities of the magnon spectrum. The spin Seebeck effect is caused by a thermally excited spin dynamics that is converted to a voltage by the inverse spin Hall effect at the interface to a heavy metal contact. By investigating the temperature dependence of the spin Seebeck effect in the ferrimagnet gadlinium iron garnet, with a magnetic compensation point near room temperature, we demonstrate that high-energy exchange magnons play a key role in the spin Seebeck effect.

論文

Cluster-transfer reactions with radioactive beams; A Spectroscopic tool for neutron-rich nuclei

Bottoni, S.*; Leoni, S.*; Fornal, B.*; Raabe, R.*; Rusek, K.*; Benzoni, G.*; Bracco, A.*; Crespi, F. C. L.*; Morales, A. I.*; Bednarczyk, P.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 92(2), p.024322_1 - 024322_8, 2015/08

 被引用回数:22 パーセンタイル:79.18(Physics, Nuclear)

An exploratory experiment was performed at REX-ISOLDE CERN to test the potential of cluster-transfer reactions at the Coulomb barrier as a mechanism to explore the structure of exotic neutron-rich nuclei. The transfer of triton and alpha particles in a reaction of a beam of $$^{98}$$Rb onto a $$^7$$Li target were studied through particle-$$gamma$$ coincidence measurements. The results indicate that such cluster transfer reactions can be an efficient method to investigate the structure of neutron-rich nuclei at medium-high excitation energies and spins.

論文

Sign of inverse spin Hall voltages generated by ferromagnetic resonance and temperature gradients in yttrium iron garnet platinum bilayers

Schreier, M.*; Bauer, G. E. W.*; Vasyuchka, V.*; Flipse, J.*; 内田 健一*; Lotze, J.*; Lauer, V.*; Chumak, A.*; Serga, A.*; 大門 俊介*; et al.

Journal of Physics D; Applied Physics, 48(2), p.025001_1 - 025001_5, 2015/01

 被引用回数:54 パーセンタイル:86.72(Physics, Applied)

We carried out a concerted effort to determine the absolute sign of the inverse spin Hall effect voltage generated by spin currents injected into a normal metal. We focus on yttrium iron garnet (YIG)|platinum bilayers at room temperature, generating spin currents by microwaves and temperature gradients. We find consistent results for different samples and measurement setups that agree with theory. We suggest a right-hand-rule to define a positive spin Hall angle corresponding to the voltage expected for the simple case of scattering of free electrons from repulsive Coulomb charges.

論文

Quantitative study of the spin Hall magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic insulator/normal metal hybrids

Althammer, M.*; Meyer, S.*; 中山 裕康*; Schreier, M.*; Altmannshofer, S.*; Weiler, M.*; Huebl, H.*; Gepr$"a$gs, S.*; Opel, M.*; Gross, R.*; et al.

Physical Review B, 87(22), p.224401_1 - 224401_15, 2013/06

 被引用回数:433 パーセンタイル:99.41(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

強磁性絶縁体/Ptと強磁性絶縁体/常磁性金属/Pt複合素子において、スピンHall磁気抵抗効果の定量測定を行った。強磁性絶縁体にはイットリウム鉄ガーネット,ニッケルフェライト,マグネタイトを用い、常磁性中間層には銅、金を用いた。以上により、薄い中間層にかかわらず、Pt層のスピンHall効果と逆スピンHall効果の複合によって強磁性層の磁化方向に依存した磁気抵抗効果が生じるというスピンHall磁気抵抗効果の理論の正当性が実験的に確認された。スピンHall磁気抵抗効果の理論を援用することで、4$$times10^{14}Omega^{-1}$$m$$^{-2}$$のスピンミキシングコンダクタンスを持つサンプルに対して、PtのスピンHall角とスピン拡散長がそれぞれ、$$0.11pm0.08, 1.5pm0.5$$nmと得られた。

論文

Theory of spin Hall magnetoresistance

Chen, Y.-T.*; 高橋 三郎*; 中山 裕康*; Althammer, M.*; Goennenwein, S. T. B.*; 齊藤 英治; Bauer, G. E. W.*

Physical Review B, 87(14), p.144411_1 - 144411_9, 2013/04

 被引用回数:659 パーセンタイル:99.71(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Ptを代表とするスピン軌道相互作用を持つ常磁性層と、イットリウム鉄ガーネットのような強磁性絶縁体からなる複合膜におけるスピンHall磁気抵抗効果についての理論を提案した。スピンHall磁気抵抗効果はスピンHall効果と逆スピンHall効果によって起きる非平衡な界面磁化に起因している。強磁性/常磁性2層膜および強磁性/常磁性/強磁性3層膜におけるスピンHall磁気抵抗効果を計算し、2層膜の計算がスピンHall磁気抵抗効果の実験結果を説明できること、3層膜では磁化が平行配置になることでスピンHall磁気抵抗効果の強度が増強されることが分かった。特に、3層膜におけるスピンHall磁気抵抗効果とスピン移行トルクが磁化配置によって制御可能であることが示された。

論文

Thermal spin pumping and magnon-phonon-mediated spin-Seebeck effect

内田 健一*; 太田 岳*; 安立 裕人; Xiao, J.*; 野中 挙海*; 梶原 瑛祐*; Bauer, G. E. W.*; 前川 禎通; 齊藤 英治

Journal of Applied Physics, 111(10), p.103903_1 - 103903_11, 2012/05

 被引用回数:125 パーセンタイル:95.97(Physics, Applied)

The spin-Seebeck effect (SSE) in ferromagnetic metals and insulators has been investigated systematically by means of the inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE) in paramagnetic metals. The SSE generates a spin voltage as a result of a temperature gradient in a ferromagnet, which injects a spin current into an attached paramagnetic metal. In the paramagnet, this spin current is converted into an electric field due to the ISHE, enabling the electric detection of the SSE. The observation of the SSE is performed in longitudinal and transverse configurations consisting of a ferromagnet/paramagnet hybrid structure, where thermally generated spin currents flowing parallel and perpendicular to a temperature gradient are detected, respectively.

論文

Spin caloritronics

Bauer, G. E. W.*; 齊藤 英治; Van Wees, B. J.*

Nature Materials, 11(5), p.391 - 399, 2012/05

 被引用回数:1481 パーセンタイル:98.21(Chemistry, Physical)

スピントロニクスは固体構造やデバイス中での結合した電子スピンと電荷移動を扱うものである。近年は新たに発見された物理効果によるスピン熱工学技術が、これはスピンと熱流の相互作用に着目するものであるが、既存の熱電子デバイスを改良するものとして大きな注目を集めている。この論文では磁性薄膜やナノ構造体中でのスピン、電荷及び熱流の相互作用に関する最先端の実験と物理について概観を行う。ここで見られる現象は次の二つに分類される。一つは物質中の単独の電子効果によるもの(例えばスピン依存Seebeck効果など)で、これは異なる熱電特性を持つ2つの平行なスピン移送チャンネルモデルで理解できる。もう一つはスピン波によって誘起される集団効果(スピンSeebeck効果など)で、強磁性絶縁体中でも存在する。応用を目指した研究、例えば熱センサーや廃熱リサイクルシステムは現在も進められている。

論文

The Search for magnetic order in $$delta$$-Pu metal using muon spin relaxation

Heffner, R. H.; 大石 一城; Fluss, M. J.*; Morris, G. D.*; MacLaughlin, D. E.*; Shu, L.*; Chung, B. W.*; McCall, S. K.*; Bauer, E. D.*; Sarrao, J. L.*; et al.

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 444-445, p.80 - 83, 2007/10

 被引用回数:8 パーセンタイル:47.87(Chemistry, Physical)

ミュオンスピン緩和法($$mu$$SR)を用いた$$alpha$$-Pu, $$delta$$-Pu及び超伝導体PuCoGa$$_5$$の研究について報告する。Pu金属においては特に高温相である$$delta$$-Puにおいて磁気秩序が存在するかどうかが大きな問題となっていた。われわれは$$mu$$SR法を用いて磁気秩序の探索を行った。その結果磁気秩序は観測されず、仮に磁気秩序があった場合でもその磁気モーメントの大きさの上限を10$$^{-3}mu_B$$以下であると決定することができた。またPuCoGa$$_5$$では作成直後の試料と自己照射効果を見るため作成後400日経過した試料において超伝導磁場侵入長$$lambda$$(T)の測定を行った。その結果超伝導ギャップにラインノードがあることを示す$$lambda$$(T)$$propto$$Tなる振る舞いが見られた。特に$$lambda$$(T)の傾向には自己照射後でも大きな変化がないことを見いだした。

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