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論文

Temperature-dependent deformation behavior of dual-phase medium-entropy alloy; In-situ neutron diffraction study

Gu, G. H.*; Jeong, S. G.*; Heo, Y.-U.*; Harjo, S.; Gong, W.; Cho, J.*; Kim, H. S.*; 他4名*

Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 223, p.308 - 324, 2025/07

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.057

被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Face-centered cubic (FCC) equi-atomic multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) exhibit excellent mechanical properties from cryogenic to room temperatures. At room temperature, deformation is dominated by dislocation slip, while at cryogenic temperatures (CTs), reduced stacking fault energy enhances strain hardening with twinning. This study uses in-situ neutron diffraction to analyze the temperature-dependent deformation behavior of Al $_{7}$ (CoNiV) $_{93}$ , a dual-phase (FCC/BCC) medium-entropy alloy (MEA). At liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT), deformation twinning in the FCC matrix leads to additional strain hardening through the dynamic Hall-Petch effect, giving the appearance of improved strengthening at LNT. In contrast, BCC precipitates show dislocation slip at both 77 K and 298 K, with temperature-dependent lattice friction stress playing a significant role in strengthening. The study enhances understanding of deformation behaviors and provides insights for future alloy design.

論文

Physicochemical characterization of the youngest active domain in major fault zones using the weathering index and X-ray computed tomography

岩森暁如*; 小北康弘; 島田耕史; 立石良*; 高木秀雄*; 太田亨*; Cho, T.*; 工藤俊祐*; 野尻慶介*; 重光泰宗*; et al.

Engineering Geology, 344, p.107821_1 - 107821_20, 2025/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107821

被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：36.99(Engineering, Geological)

断層岩の物理的・化学的特徴を明らかにすることは、断層の活動史や変形機構を理解するだけではなく、原子力発電所、放射性廃棄物処分場、石油備蓄基地などの重要施設の立地条件の評価の観点からも重要である。本論では、若狭湾周辺に分布する活断層である白木丹生断層(花崗岩)、敦賀断層(花崗岩と緑色岩の地質境界)、山田断層(アダメロ岩)の断層岩と、それぞれの母岩(堅岩)に化学的風化指標(W値)を適用し、X線コンピューター断層撮影から得られる岩石密度と相関する値(CT値)と変質強度(AI値)との関係に基づいて、脆性断層岩の最新活動領域の物理化学的特徴について検討した。その結果、断層岩のW値は5060パーセント程度までは主として熱水変質の影響、60パーセント超では主として風化の影響に伴うNa $_{2}$ OとCaOの変動を反映し、花崗岩では斜長石と方解石、緑色岩では単斜輝石と角閃石、アダメロ岩では斜長石が減少するとW値が増加することがわかった。一方、断層岩のCT値は、最新活動領域に対応する断層ガウジで最も低く、最低密度領域として認定された。また、今回対象とした活断層の最新活動領域では、新鮮な斜長石のフラグメントが挟在されることが共通の特徴として認められた。脆性断層岩へのW値の適用は、断層岩における熱水変質および風化に伴う鉱物の変動傾向の把握を可能とするとともに、CT値と組み合わせることにより断層岩の物理的・化学的特徴を踏まえた最新活動領域の認定精度の向上に有効である。

論文

Soft, wearable, microfluidic system for fluorometric analysis of loss of amino acids through eccrine sweat

Cho, S. H.*; Cho, S. W.*; Lv, Z.*; 関根由莉奈; Liu, S.*; Zhou, M.*; Nuxoll, R. F.*; Kanatzidis, E. E.*; Ghaffari, R.*; Kim, D.*; et al.

Lab on a Chip, 9 Pages, 2025/00

https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LC00734D

被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Biochemical Research Methods)

アミノ酸は体内のタンパク質合成と代謝プロセスに不可欠な物質である。本研究では、運動中の汗からのアミノ酸損失について定量的に調べることを目的とした。汗中のアミノ酸含有量をリアルタイムで分析するため、測定のための技術基盤としてウェアラブルなマイクロ流体システムを構築した。定量分析を実現するため、ウェアラブルデバイスに蛍光アッセイを組み込み、さらにスマートフォンベースの画像化技術を統合させたシステムを開発した。

論文

Composition dependence of bulk properties in the Co-intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide Co $_{1/3}$ TaS $_{2}$

Park, P.*; Cho, W.*; Kim, C.*; An, Y.*; Avdeev, M.*; 飯田一樹*; 梶本亮一; Park, J.-G.*

Physical Review B, 109(6), p.L060403_1 - L060403_7, 2024/02

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.109.L060403

被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：84.81(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Spontaneous Hall conductivity has recently been reported in the triangular lattice antiferromagnet Co $_{1/3}$ TaS $_{2}$ under a zero magnetic field. This phenomenon originates from the distinctive noncoplanar triple- magnetic ground state, possessing uniform real-space Berry curvature characterized by scalar spin chirality. We investigated the physical properties of Co $_{1/3}$ TaS $_{2}$ by judiciously controlling the composition, revealing a drastic change in its bulk properties, even by slight variations in cobalt composition, despite the same crystal structure. For , Co $_{x}$ TaS $_{2}$ keeps all the characteristics of the ground state consistent with the previous studies - two antiferromagnetic phase transitions at $T_mathrm{N1}$ and $T_mathrm{N2}$ ( $< T_mathrm{N1}$ ), a large spontaneous Hall conductivity [ $sigma_{xy}(mathbf{H} = 0)$ ], and a weak ferromagnetic moment along the axis. However, samples with exhibit distinct bulk properties, including the absence of both $sigma_{xy}(mathbf{H} = 0)$ and the weak ferromagnetic moment. Our neutron diffraction data reveal that Co $_{x}$ TaS $_{2}$ with develops coplanar helical magnetic order with $mathbf{q}_mathrm{m1} =(1/3, 0, 0)$ . This is entirely different from what has been seen in , explaining the observed composition dependence.

論文

Impact of interatomic structural characteristics of aluminosilicate hydrate on the mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer

Kim, G.*; Cho, S.-M.*; Im, S.*; Suh, H.*; 諸岡聡; 菖蒲敬久; 兼松学*; 町田晃彦*; Bae, S.*

Construction and Building Materials, 411, p.134529_1 - 134529_18, 2024/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134529

被引用回数：10 パーセンタイル：67.40(Construction & Building Technology)

This study explores the influence of the interatomic structure of sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) with varying silica contents on the mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer. Geopolymer pastes comprising Si/Al ratios between 2.0 and 3.0 were synthesized. A larger number of Si-O-Si linkages compared to Si-O-Al linkages and a higher atomic number density were found in the geopolymers with higher silica contents, which enhanced the compressive strength of the geopolymer pastes up to the optimal Si/Al ratio of 2.5. The paste with a Si/Al = 2.5 exhibited a greater portion of Q $^{4}$ (1Al and 2Al) and denser morphology compared to the other geopolymer pastes. Furthermore, in-situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray scattering experiments were conducted to assess the elastic modulus of the aluminosilicate structure at a local atomic scale. The modulus value in real space decreases with increasing silica contents up to Si/Al = 2.5 and increases with the presence of excessive unreacted silica fume. The modulus value in reciprocal space for the axial and lateral directions both presented a positive value at the geopolymer comprising a Si/Al ratio higher than 2.5, indicating that the load-bearing property of N-A-S-H changed at higher Si/Al ratios. Moreover, the smallest difference between the strains along the axial and lateral directions was detected for the geopolymer with Si/Al = 2.5 in both the real and reciprocal space, owing to the most interconnected and flexible nanostructure, which led to the highest mechanical strength.

論文

Characteristic microstructural phase evolution and the compressive strength development mechanisms of tricalcium silicate pastes under various initial carbonation curing environments

Cho, S.*; Suh, H.*; Im, S.*; Kim, G.*; 兼松学*; 諸岡聡; 町田晃彦*; 菖蒲敬久; Bae, S.*

Construction and Building Materials, 409, p.133866_1 - 133866_20, 2023/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133866

被引用回数：13 パーセンタイル：83.68(Construction & Building Technology)

The effects of various initial carbonation curing environments on the phase evolution and resulting mechanical characteristics of tricalcium silicate paste were studied. For the analyses of the reaction products and microstructure, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high-resolution X-ray computed tomography were utilized. C $_{3}$ S cured under carbonation environment pressurized by 0.1 MPa showed excellent mechanical properties owing to the highest degree of reaction and homogeneous generation of CaCO $_{3}$ with low-Ca/Si calcium silicate hydrates, resulting in a dense matrix with refined pore structure. C $_{3}$ S paste treated under other carbonation conditions underwent deteriorative microstructural phase transitions, including void evolution by decalcification of C-S-H and an inhomogeneous composition of crystalline phases, resulting in inferior properties.

論文

Tetrahedral triple-Q magnetic ordering and large spontaneous Hall conductivity in the metallic triangular antiferromagnet Co $_{1/3}$ TaS $_{2}$

Park, P.*; Cho, W.*; Kim, C.*; An, Y.*; Kang, Y.-G.*; Avdeev, M.*; Sibille, R.*; 飯田一樹*; 梶本亮一; Lee, K. H.*; et al.

Nature Communications (Internet), 14, p.8346_1 - 8346_9, 2023/12

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43853-4

被引用回数：23 パーセンタイル：86.45(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

The triangular lattice antiferromagnet (TLAF) has been the standard paradigm of frustrated magnetism for several decades. The most common magnetic ordering in insulating TLAFs is the 120 $^{circ}$ structure. However, a new triple- chiral ordering can emerge in metallic TLAFs, representing the short wavelength limit of magnetic skyrmion crystals. We report the metallic TLAF Co $_{1/3}$ TaS $_{2}$ as the first example of tetrahedral triple- magnetic ordering with the associated topological Hall effect (non-zero $sigma_{xy}(mathbf{H}=0)$ ). We also present a theoretical framework that describes the emergence of this magnetic ground state, which is further supported by the electronic structure measured by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Additionally, our measurements of the inelastic neutron scattering cross section are consistent with the calculated dynamical structure factor of the tetrahedral triple- state.

論文

Effect of magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) formation on the local atomic arrangements and mechanical properties of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H); In situ X-ray scattering study

Kim, G.*; Im, S.*; Jee, H.*; Suh, H.*; Cho, S.*; 兼松学*; 諸岡聡; 小山拓*; 西尾悠平*; 町田晃彦*; et al.

Cement and Concrete Research, 159, p.106869_1 - 106869_17, 2022/09

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106869

被引用回数：27 パーセンタイル：86.84(Construction & Building Technology)

This study explored the effect of M-S-H formation on the local atomic arrangements and mechanical properties of C-S-H. The elastic moduli of the samples were calculated using shifted atomic distances (r) and d-spacings (d) acquired by applying an external load on the pastes during X-ray scattering experiments. The experimental results indicated that the crystal structure of C-S-H remained intact with MgCl $_{2}$ addition. At the highest Mg/Si ratio (Ca/Si = 0.6, Mg/Si = 0.2), change in the dominant phase occurred from C-S-H to M-S-H because the low pH environment hindered the formation of C-S-H and facilitated the formation of M-S-H. The elastic modulus decreased with increasing Mg/Si ratio up to 0.1 owing to both C-S-H destabilization and low M-S-H content in the samples. Conversely, the elastic modulus increased in the paste synthesized with the highest Mg/Si ratio because considerable M-S-H had formed, which exhibited a higher elastic modulus than C-S-H.

論文

Signatures of the vortical quark-gluon plasma in hadron yields

田屋英俊*; Park, A.*; Cho, S.*; Gubler, P.; 服部恒一*; Hong, J.*; Huang, X.-G.*; Lee, S. H.*; 門内明彦*; 大西明*; et al.

Physical Review C, 102(2), p.021901_1 - 021901_6, 2020/08

AA2020-0306.pdf:0.47MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.102.021901

被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：60.21(Physics, Nuclear)

We investigate the hadron production from the vortical quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. Based on the quark-coalescence and statistical hadronization models, we show that total hadron yields summed over the spin components are enhanced by the local vorticity with quadratic dependence. The enhancement factor amounts to be a few percent and may be detectable within current experimental sensitivities. We also show that the effect is stronger for hadrons with larger spin, and thus propose a new signature of the local vorticity, which may be detected by the yield ratio of distinct hadron species having different spins such as and . The vorticity dependence of hadron yields seems robust, with consistent predictions in both of the hadron production mechanisms for reasonable values of the vorticity strength estimated for heavy-ion collisions.

論文

Study on formation mechanism of {332}113 deformation twinning in metastable -type Ti alloy focusing on stress-induced martensite phase

Cho, K.*; 森岡亮太*; Harjo, S.; 川崎卓郎; 安田弘行*

Scripta Materialia, 177, p.106 - 111, 2020/03

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.10.011

被引用回数：61 パーセンタイル：94.69(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)

Deformation behavior of Ti-12Mo alloy which is primarily deformed by {332}113 deformation twinning was studied by in situ neutron diffraction measurements and deformation structure analyses, focusing on the formation of stress-induced martensite phase. We directly observed for the first time that the phase was formed at the initial stage of the plastic deformation and the volume fraction of the phase increased with increasing plastic deformation. This stress-induced martensite phase acts as a nucleation site for the {332}113 twins. Further increase in stress results in a replacement of the phase by the {332}113 twins.

論文

Investigation of strengthening mechanism in Ni-38Cr-3.8Al alloy with fine lamellar structure by in situ neutron diffraction analysis

小柳禎彦*; 植田茂紀*; 川崎卓郎; Harjo, S.; Cho, K.*; 安田弘行*

Materials Science & Engineering A, 773, p.138822_1 - 138822_11, 2020/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138822

被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：23.18(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)

The strengthening mechanism of Ni-38Cr-3.8Al (mass%) alloy with fine lamellar structure composed of the and -Cr layers, which is formed by discontinuous precipitation, was examined by in situ neutron diffraction analysis. The contribution of each constituent phase on the deformation behavior could be separated by the in situ analysis. The plastic deformation occurred preferentially in the and phases, while the -Cr phase deformed more elastically even beyond the yield point of the and phases, which is similar to the cementite in pearlite of a steel. Fine nano-lamellar structure formed by the discontinuous precipitation is found to be mainly responsible for high strength of the alloys, while the influence of the precipitates on strength is likely to be small.

論文

IAEA Photonuclear Data Library 2019

河野俊彦*; Cho, Y. S.*; Dimitriou, P.*; Filipescu, D.*; 岩本信之; Plujko, V.*; Tao, X.*; 宇都宮弘章*; Varlamov, V.*; Xu, R.*; et al.

Nuclear Data Sheets, 163, p.109 - 162, 2020/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nds.2019.12.002

被引用回数：127 パーセンタイル：99.72(Physics, Nuclear)

We report our coordinated efforts to address these data needs such as radiation shielding design and radiation transport analyses, and present the results of the new evaluations of more than 200 nuclides included in the new updated IAEA Photonuclear Data Library, where the photon energy goes up to 200 MeV. We discuss the new assessment method and make recommendations to the user community in cases where the experimental data are discrepant and the assessments disagree. In addition, in the absence of experimental data, we present model predictions for photon-induced reaction cross section on nuclides of potential interest to medical radioisotope production.

論文

Reference database for photon strength functions

Goriely, S.*; Dimitriou, P.*; Wiedeking, M.*; Belgya, T.*; Firestone, R.*; Kopecky, J.*; Krtika, M.*; Plujko, V.*; Schwengner, R.*; Siem, S.*; et al.

European Physical Journal A, 55(10), p.172_1 - 172_52, 2019/10

https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2019-12840-1

被引用回数：109 パーセンタイル：94.08(Physics, Nuclear)

We report on a coordinated and systematic effort to compile and assess all the existing experimental data on photon strength functions extracted from photoabsorption cross sections in the region of the Giant Dipole Resonance and from neutron-, photon- and charged-particle-induced reactions at energies around or below the neutron separation energy. We also present global empirical and microscopic models that describe the photon strength function in the entire photon energy region and reproduce reasonably well most of the existing experimental data. Finally, we recommend photon strength functions for use in basic sciences and applications. The compilation of experimental photon strengths as well as the recommended model calculations are readily available to the user community from a dedicated database hosted at the IAEA.

論文

A New Standard DNA Damage (SDD) data format

Schuemann, J.*; McNamara, A. L.*; Warmenhoven, J. W.*; Henthorn, N. T.*; Kirkby, K.*; Merchant, M. J.*; Ingram, S.*; Paganetti, H.*; Held, K. D.*; Ramos-Mendez, J.*; et al.

Radiation Research, 191(1), p.76 - 93, 2019/01

https://doi.org/10.1667/RR15209.1

被引用回数：58 パーセンタイル：94.50(Biology)

DNA損傷には様々なタイプがあり、異なった生物学的効果を引き起こす。過去数10年間、放射線照射によるDNA損傷の生成やそれらが引き起こす生物効果のシミュレーションが行われてきたが、各研究者が独自のデータフォーマットを用いて解析していたため、相互比較を行うことができなかった。そこで、本論文では、新しい標準DNA損傷データフォーマットを提案し、モデル間の相互比較を可能とする。これにより、放射線照射によるDNA損傷のメカニズム解明や放射線影響シミュレーション研究の活性化を図る。

論文

Developing reliable reaction gamma-ray data

Dimitriou, P.*; Belgya, T.*; Cho, Y.-S.*; Filipescu, D.*; Firestone, R.*; Goriely, S.*; 岩本信之; 河野俊彦*; Kopecky, J.*; Krticka, M.*; et al.

EPJ Web of Conferences, 178, p.06005_1 - 06005_3, 2018/05

https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817806005

被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：71.62(Optics)

測定や既存のデータ評価・編集、また基礎科学や応用への利用に向けた巨大双極子共鳴パラメータ等のテーブル作成を基にした光核反応断面積や光子強度関数の開発について報告する。

論文

Exotic hadrons from heavy ion collisions

Cho, S.*; 兵藤哲雄*; 慈道大介*; Ko, C. M.*; Lee, S. H.*; 前田沙織*; 宮原建太*; 森田健司*; Nielsen, M.*; 大西明*; et al.

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, 95, p.279 - 322, 2017/07

AA2016-0538.pdf:0.74MB

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2017.02.002

被引用回数：113 パーセンタイル：89.92(Physics, Nuclear)

RHICやLHCでの検出器の性能向上により、高エネルギー重イオン衝突において基底状態だけでなく励起状態のハドロンも測定できるようになった。そこで、重イオン衝突はハドロン分子状態やマルチクォーク状態などのエキゾチックハドロンの新しい手法となる。エキゾチックハドロンの構造は量子色力学の基本的性質と関連しているので、これらを研究することはハドロン物理の最も精力的な話題の一つである。本レビューでは、重イオン衝突で測定できるようなエキゾチックハドロン候補の幾つかに対して、現在の理解をまとめる。

報告書

Proceedings of 7th KAERI-JAEA Information Exchange Meeting on HTGR and Nuclear Hydrogen Technology; November 5th-6th, 2015, JAEA Oarai Research and Development Center, Oarai, Japan

稲葉良知; Lee, T.*; 植田祥平; 笠原清司; 本多友貴; Lee, H.*; Kim, E.*; Cho, M.*; Bae, K.*; 坂場成昭

JAEA-Review 2015-043, 96 Pages, 2016/03

JAEA-Review-2015-043.pdf:79.27MB

日本原子力研究開発機構(JAEA)は、韓国原子力研究所(KAERI)と「韓国原子力研究所と日本原子力研究開発機構との間の原子力平和利用分野における研究協力実施取決め」を締結し、高温ガス炉と原子力水素技術の開発に関する研究協力計画の下で、高温ガス炉と熱化学法ISプロセスによる水素製造技術開発を効率的に進めるために、両者による情報交換会議を2015年11月5日6日に大洗研究開発センターにおいて実施した。会議は公開情報に基づき、双方の研究者により、日本及び韓国における高温ガス炉開発及び原子力水素研究開発の現状と将来計画が議論された。本報は、本会議における論文集である。

論文

ENDF/B-VII.1 nuclear data for science and technology; Cross sections, covariances, fission product yields and decay data

Chadwick, M. B.*; Herman, M.*; Obloinsk, P.*; Dunn, M. E.*; Danon, Y.*; Kahler, A. C.*; Smith, D. L.*; Pritychenko, B.*; Arbanas, G.*; Arcilla, R.*; et al.

Nuclear Data Sheets, 112(12), p.2887 - 2996, 2011/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nds.2011.11.002

被引用回数：2298 パーセンタイル：99.99(Physics, Nuclear)

原子力科学・技術の利用分野ための評価済み核データライブラリーENDF/B-VII.1を公開した。米国核データ評価委員会が中心となって評価・整備したこの最新ライブラリーは、前バージョン(ENDF/B-VII.0)公開以後に得られた原子核理論や実験に関する知見を反映した中性子断面積,共分散,核分裂収率や崩壊データ等を格納している。ライブラリーの主な更新内容は、核種数の拡大、共分散データの拡充、R行列理論に基づく軽核の共鳴パラメータ評価、中重核やアクチノイドデータの改訂等である。核外輸送コードMCNPによるベンチマーク解析を行った結果、臨界予測性能等のパフォーマンスが向上した。

論文

Results of beam extraction performance for the KSTAR neutral beam injector

Chang, D. H.*; Jeong, S. H.*; Kim, T. S.*; Lee, K. W.*; In, S. R.*; Jin, J. T.*; Chang, D. S.*; Oh, B. H.*; Bae, Y. S.*; Kim, J. S.*; et al.

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 50(6), p.066302_1 - 066302_7, 2011/06

https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.50.066302

被引用回数：12 パーセンタイル：45.23(Physics, Applied)

KSTARにおいて初めての中性粒子入射装置が据え付けられ運転された。85kVで32Aのビームを5秒間安定に引出すことができた。さらに80kV25Aでは14秒の長パルス運転が達成された。最適なパービアンスは1.15マイクロパービアンスであることが確認できた。中性化効率も偏向磁石を使用して熱的カロリメータで測定した。アーク効率は0.61.1A/kWの高い値が得られた。中性粒子ビームパワーとしては80keVのエネルギーで1.0MWがKSTARプラズマに入射できた。

論文

Identified charged hadron production in collisions at = 200 and 62.4 GeV

Adare, A.*; Afanasiev, S.*; Aidala, C.*; Ajitanand, N. N.*; 秋葉康之*; Al-Bataineh, H.*; Alexander, J.*; 青木和也*; Aphecetche, L.*; Armendariz, R.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 83(6), p.064903_1 - 064903_29, 2011/06

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.064903

被引用回数：193 パーセンタイル：99.41(Physics, Nuclear)

200GeVと62.4GeVでの陽子陽子の中心衝突からのの横運動量分布及び収量をRHICのPHENIX実験によって測定した。それぞれエネルギーでの逆スロープパラメーター、平均横運動量及び単位rapidityあたりの収量を求め、異なるエネルギーでの他の測定結果と比較する。またやスケーリングのようなスケーリングについて示して陽子陽子衝突における粒子生成メカニズムについて議論する。さらに測定したスペクトルを二次の摂動QCDの計算と比較する。