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論文

Nanoplastics reprogram fungal metabolism to reshape extracellular microenvironments and manganese biomineralization

Wu, C.*; Qiu, X.*; 田中万也; 谷幸則*; Lloyd, J. R.*; Yu, Q.*

Bioresource Technology, 456, p.134916_1 - 134916_9, 2026/09

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134916

マンガン酸化菌は環境中においてMn(II)を酸化することでMn(IV)酸化物を形成する。こうしたバイオミネラリゼーションにより形成するMn(IV)酸化物は環境中の放射性核種の挙動に影響を与える。近年、環境中での人為的なナノプラスチック(NP)の汚染が進んでおり、本研究ではNPがバイオミネラリゼーションに与える影響を調べた。その結果、低濃度NPは形成するMn(IV)酸化物の結晶性に影響を与え、高濃度NPではMn(II)酸化が阻害されることが分かった。こうしたNPによるバイオミネラリゼーションへの影響は、環境中での金属元素や放射性核種の挙動に影響を与える可能性がある。

論文

Neutron resonance analysis technique in neutron time-of-flight for highly enriched uranium

Rossi, F.; Lee, J.; 吉見優希*; 弘中浩太; 芝知宙; 寺田和司*; 堀順一*

KURNS Progress Report 2025, P. 97, 2026/06

The ISCN of the JAEA is developing a combined neutron resonance analysis (NRA) system aims to identify and quantify fissile material in an unknown sample. Neutron resonance transmission analysis (NRTA) and neutron resonance capture analysis (NRCA) are used together with the proposed neutron resonance fission neutron analysis (NRFNA). Using a pulsed neutron beam with the neutron time-of-flight (TOF) technique, prompt capture gamma rays and fast fission neutrons from fissile nuclides are measured at the sample location with plastic scintillators able to perform n/g pulse shape discrimination (PSD). In this paper, we report a demonstration experiment for highly enriched uranium samples performed at KURNS-LINAC. This work is supported by MEXT under the subsidy for the "promotion for strengthening nuclear security and the like".

論文

Experimental observation of 5f valence fluctuations by high-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy in UPd $_{2}$ Cd $_{20}$

廣瀬雄介; 本多史憲*; 土塔寛*; 河村直己*; Kvashnina, K. O.*; Amidani, L.*; Uhlov, K.*; Koloren, J.*; Havela, L.*

Physical Review B, 113(24), p.L241103_1 - L241103_6, 2026/06

https://doi.org/10.1103/g9y8-7lq9

The regime of valence fluctuations, known from anomalous rare-earth systems with slow fluctuations between two different fn states, has not yet been identified by microscopic techniques at any Uranium compound. The reason may be in the predominant band character of U intermetallic compounds. Here we present U-L3 and M4 X-ray absorption spectra taken on UPd $_{2}$ Cd $_{20}$ , which is a heavy-Fermion antiferromagnet. Although it has only one type of U site, the spectra obtained in the High Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detection mode display two edges, each associated with different valence states, 5f2 and 5f3. This is strongly suggestive of slow f2 - f3 fluctuations on the timescale longer than the characteristic time of the spectroscopy technique. Unlike 4f systems in which such fluctuations lead to a destruction of magnetism due to involvement of one non-magnetic state, the f2 and f3 states in U are both possibly magnetic, allowing for the magnetic ordering in the fluctuating state. Such a new situation can bring more light into emergent phenomena observable in U systems at the verge of 5f localization.

論文

Assessing and tackling the barocaloric fatigue for applicable solid-state refrigeration

Xue, J.*; Huang, D.*; 服部高典; Li, L.*; Feng, Y.*; Wang, H.*; Fan, X.*; Yao, J.*; Wang, Y.*; Liu, Z.*; et al.

Applied Physics Letters, 128(20), p.201903_1 - 201903_8, 2026/05

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0333322

被引用回数：0

NHIのサイクル疲労およびバロカロリック応答は、最大100MPaの応力を伴う加圧・減圧サイクル下で直接評価され、100サイクルの後に断熱温度変化( $Delta T_{mathrm{ad}}$ )は15Kから約0.8Kまで減少した。emphその場X線回折、ラマン分光法、および中性子回折を併用した解析により、最初の荷重除去後であっても残留高圧相が存在することが明らかになり、その割合は100サイクル目までに急速に90%まで増加した。この疲労挙動を解明するために現象論的モデルが構築され、実験データとの良好な一致が得られた。粒界応力を緩和し、結晶粒の移動性を高めるため、NHI粒子とシリコーンオイルからなる複合体を、3Dプリントされたポリマーシェルに封入した。このような構造設計により、バロカロリック効果のサイクル安定性が著しく向上し、100サイクル後でも $Delta T_{mathrm{ad}}$ は約4.6Kまで上昇した。我々の結果は、気圧熱効果の疲労挙動に関する基礎的な理解を確立するとともに、実用的な気圧熱冷却技術への実現可能な道筋を示すものである。

論文

magnetic order with spatially alternating spin scalar chirality in overdoped Co $_{0.336}$ TaS $_{2}$

Cho, W.*; Park, P.*; Kim, C.*; An, Y.*; 飯田一樹*; 梶本亮一; Matin, S.*; Sibille, R.*; Crooker, S. A.*; Park, J.-G.*

Physical Review B, 113(17), p.174410_1 - 174410_14, 2026/05

https://doi.org/10.1103/d2yy-ntns

被引用回数：0

Co $_{x}$ TaS $_{2}$ () exhibits a spontaneous Hall effect from spin texture in antiferromagnets, with a tetrahedral triple-Q () order and uniform spin scalar chirality. Upon Co overdoping (), it undergoes a shift in magnetic ordering vectors from $mathbf{Q}_mathrm{m} = (1/2, 0, 0)$ to . Interestingly, the spontaneous Hall effect disappeared in the overdoped regime, which was originally attributed to the loss of order. However, a question remains whether a new type of order can exist with alternating chirality in the overdoped regime. To address this, we investigated Co $_{0.336}$ TaS $_{2}$ using inelastic neutron scattering (INS), neutron diffraction, and optical dichroism, and found that INS data and spin-wave simulations support a order with alternating chirality. Moreover, neutron diffraction data show field-independent Bragg peaks, while linear dichroism detects no in-plane anisotropy, consistent with threefold rotation symmetry. Our data support the scenario of an alternating-chirality order in Co $_{0.336}$ TaS $_{2}$ , cancelling the spontaneous Hall effect. This study highlights a combined neutron-optical approach to identify complex spin textures.

論文

Microstructural evolution and mechanical hardening of Cr-coated MDA cladding under high-dose Fe ion irradiation

Mohamad, A. B.; Chen, J.*; 井岡郁夫*; 鈴木恵理子; 近藤啓悦; 阿部陽介; 山下真一郎; 大久保成彰; 根本義之; 岡田裕史*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 625, p.156513_1 - 156513_9, 2026/04

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2026.156513

被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Ion irradiation was carried out on Cr coating Zry cladding to investigate their microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. The sample was irradiated at reactor normal operation conditions. Microstructural observation and mechanical testing of non-irradiated samples and irradiated samples were performed to understand irradiation damage to the Cr-coated Zry cladding. Results of High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and chemical analysis revealed Fe enrichment at the Cr coating and Zr substrate interface of irradiated samples due to irradiation enhanced diffusion or irradiation induced mixing. Irradiation led to the formation of Fe enrichment at the Cr Zr interface approximately 15nm. Moreover, hardening of the Cr coating and Zr substrate regions was observed in the irradiated sample.

論文

Production and decay properties of the lightest osmium isotopes

Briscoe, A. D.*; Smallcombe, J.; 他60名*

Physical Review C, 113(4), p.044317_1 - 044317_10, 2026/04

https://doi.org/10.1103/5rxb-bscn

The production of $^{159,160,161}$ Os and $^{159,160,161}$ Re was investigated in experiments performed at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyvaskyla. New decay chains assigned to $^{160}$ Os were identified at beam energies of 310 and 330 MeV. These findings are compared with previous studies claiming the observation of $^{160}$ Os and $^{156}$ W.

論文

Intercomparison of low-energy electron transport calculations by different Monte Carlo track-structure simulation codes

Kyriakou, I.*; Papadopoulos, A.*; Polopetrakis, I.*; Kotroumbelou, C.*; Plante, I.*; 松谷悠佑; 甲斐健師; Qiu, R.*; Li, J.*; Kundrt, P.*; et al.

Physics in Medicine & Biology, 71(8), p.085009_1 - 085009_25, 2026/04

https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ae5758

被引用回数：0

過去40年間にわたり、液体の水を対象としたモンテカルロ飛跡構造(MCTS)コードが世界中で数多く開発されてきたが、相互作用断面積は大きく異なる。本研究では、6種類の異なるMCTSコードの使用による、液相水中の低エネルギー電子輸送の物理的特性(電子阻止能、経路長、dose-point-kernel、微視的線量付与)の不確実性を評価することを目指した。コード間比較の結果により、特に100eV以下の低エネルギー領域において、MCTSコード間で大きな差異があることが明らかになり、電子線が重要な役割を果たすDNA損傷シミュレーションの精度に影響を与えることが示された。本研究は、液相水中の低エネルギー電子輸送計算に伴う不確実性を低減するために、MCTSコードで使用される物理モデルの更なる開発の必要性を浮き彫りにしている。

論文

Revisiting the role of NbO precursors on solid-state formation reactions of (K $_{0.5}$ Na $_{0.5}$ )NbO

庄司琢磨*; Nam, H.*; Ye, J.*; Ito, Daiki*; 高木優香*; 米田安宏; 永田肇*

Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 109(3), p.e70657_1 - e70657_9, 2026/03

https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70657

被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Materials Science, Ceramics)

(K,Na)NbO (KNN)系セラミックスは、優れた圧電特性を有するにもかかわらず、化学的均質性が低いことから、実用的な圧電デバイスへの応用には躊躇されてきた。本研究では、NbO前駆体の役割が製造手法によって異なり、KNNの化学的均質性と強く相関していることを軟X線吸収分光を用いて明らかにした。したがって、NbO前駆体の選択はKNN製造における支配的要因である。

論文

Synthesis of high-entropy hydride from the cantor alloy (fcc-CoCrFeNiMn) at extreme conditions

Glazyrin, K.*; Spektor, K.*; Bykov, M.*; Carvalho, P. H. B.*; Dong, W.*; Krmann, F.*; 佐野亜沙美; 服部高典; Beyer, D. C.*; Sahlberg, M.*; et al.

Nature Communications (Internet), 17, p.2622_1 - 2622_10, 2026/03

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70483-3

被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：0.00(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

高エントロピー材料の研究は様々な科学分野に貢献し、応用面で興味深い特性を次々と明らかにしている。本研究では、高温高圧下におけるX線・中性子飛行時間法実験および第一原理計算により、カンター合金(CoCrFeNiMn)の水素抵抗性を調査した。我々は、カンター合金組成に基づく面心立方(fcc)型水素化物の形成を報告する。さらに、水素含有量の推定を含むその特性評価を提供する。これらの知見は、高エントロピー合金および高エントロピー水素化物の複雑な化学に関する知見の蓄積に貢献するものである。

論文

Magnetic signature of chiral phonons revealed by neutron spectroscopy in ferrimagnetic Fe $_{1.75}$ Zn $_{0.25}$ Mo $_{3}$ O $_{8}$

Bao, S.*; Liao, J.*; Huang, Z.*; Shangguan, Y.*; Ma, Z.*; Zhang, B.*; Cheng, S.*; Xu, H.*; Song, Z.*; Dong, S.*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 136(9), p.096502_1 - 096502_8, 2026/03

https://doi.org/10.1103/pq5m-32wj

被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：0.00(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Lattice vibrations can carry angular momentum and magnetic moments under broken inversion or time-reversal symmetry, forming so-called chiral phonons. While such excitations have been explored in nonmagnetic systems via optical probes, their direct detection in magnetic materials and coupling to spin excitations remain largely unexplored. Here, using neutron spectroscopy, sensitive to both nuclear and magnetic scattering, we reveal the magnetic signature of chiral phonons in ferrimagnetic Fe $_{1.75}$ Zn $_{0.25}$ Mo $_{3}$ O $_{8}$ with Curie temperature K. Below , we observe enhanced magnetic scattering of phonons at small momenta, arising from strong magnon-phonon coupling. In addition, out-of-plane intensity modulation, phonon mode splitting, and field-induced Zeeman shifts are observed, all closely associated with the ferrimagnetic order. These features vanish above , where phonon spectra are dominated by nuclear scattering. These observations demonstrate the existence of chiral phonons carrying substantial magnetic moments that directly contribute to magnetic scattering, and establish neutron spectroscopy as a powerful, momentum-resolved probe of their magnetic character.

論文

Magnetic evolution, phase transitions, and electronic band structure of the ferrotoroidic candidate BaCrS $_{10}$

Zhao, G.*; Li, J.*; Zhang, J.*; 小嶋健児*; Cai, Y.*; 伊藤孝; Yoon, S. W.*; Wang, X.*; 前川禎通*; Su, G.*; et al.

Physical Review Research (Internet), 8(1), p.013331_1 - 013331_10, 2026/03

https://doi.org/10.1103/h576-nnnz

Ferrotoroidic materials, which break both time- and space-reversal symmetries to enhance magnetoelectric responses, are of great interest for applications. BaCrS $_{10}$ , a recently synthesized quasi-one-dimensional ferrotoroidic candidate, combines polarization, magnetization, and toroidal moment, yet its electronic band structure, magnetic evolution, and phase transitions remain incompletely understood to date. Here, we investigate BaCrS $_{10}$ , using electrical transport, direct current magnetization, alternating current susceptibility, specific heat, and muon spin rotation (SR) measurements, along with various first-principles calculations. Electrical transport measurements and density functional theory confirm a narrow band gap (0.707~eV, experimentally; 0.680~eV, theoretically). SR measurements reveal that static magnetism dominates down to 2~K, with an ordered volume fraction of 89% at this temperature. Two distinct transitions are identified: one around the Nel temperature [ $T_{rm N}=(8pm 1)$ ~K] and another corresponding to a phase transition near 30~K, as consistently indicated by our complementary experimental techniques. The absence of dynamic critical behaviors and the lack of a -type specific heat anomaly are consistent with a first-order-like transition at $T_{rm N}$ . Based on various complementary experimental results and theoretical calculations, we propose a hypothesis that the 30~K broad feature arises from the complex interplay between crystal structure distortion and magnetic coupling, which is potentially directly linked to ferrotoroidicity. As the first study integrating SR with complementary experiments and first-principles calculations to explore ferrotoroidicity, this work provides key insights into the underlying physics of BaCrS $_{10}$ and related compounds in this area.

論文

The JUPITER experiments; HIGH-240 plutonium metal plates separated by lead and reflected by copper

Bess, J. D.*; Shepherd, D.*; McSpaden, A. T.*; 福島昌宏; 大泉昭人

International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) Handbook (2025 edition); NEA/NSC/DOC(95)03/I, Vol.I; PU-MET-FAST-050 (Internet), 544 Pages, 2026/02

本報告は、加速器駆動システム(ADS)の設計において重要となる鉛断面積の積分検証データを取得することを目的としたシリーズ実験に関するものである。本実験キャンペーンでは、高濃縮ウラン、低濃縮ウラン、プルトニウムなど、種々の燃料組成を用い、鉛による高速中性子スペクトル場における系統的なデータが取得された。すべての実験は、JAEAと米国ロスアラモス国立研究所(LANL)の共同研究により国立臨界実験研究センター(NCERC)で実施された。プルトニウム燃料を用いた実験として2種類の炉心が構築され、Jupiter炉心では95wt.% $^{239}$ Puおよび4.5wt.% $^{240}$ Puのプルトニウム金属燃料が使用され、High-240 Pu Jupiter炉心では $^{240}$ Pu高含有のプルトニウム金属燃料(72.8wt.% $^{239}$ Pu, 22wt.% $^{240}$ Pu)が使用された。本ベンチマークレポートは、このうちHigh-240 Pu Jupiter炉心構成に基づく高中性子スペクトル臨界実験の結果を、国際臨界安全評価プロジェクト(ICSBEP)への登録のためにまとめたものである。

論文

Microscopic study of the low-energy enhancement in the -decay strength of $^{50}$ V

Dahl, J. K.*; Larsen, A. C.*; 清水則孝*; 宇都野穣

Physical Review C, 113(2), p.024328_1 - 024328_16, 2026/02

https://doi.org/10.1103/csx6-6g5k

被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：0.00(Physics, Nuclear)

$^{50}$ Vに対する核準位密度とガンマ線強度関数を、--殻をバレンス殻にとった大規模殻模型計算によって調べた。オスロ法による実験データを全体的によく説明し、特に、低エネルギーの遷移の強度が増大するという特徴を再現することに成功した。そのメカニズムを解明するために、遷移の行列要素を軌道角運動量部分とスピン角運動量部分に分け、その干渉項の符号の分布を調べた。その結果、低エネルギーガンマ崩壊に対しては、正の干渉が主であるという新しい知見が得られた。

論文

Incommensurate magnetism drives singular angular magnetoresistance in the magnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlGe

Yao, X.*; Chen, P.*; Verma, R.*; Zhao, X.*; Yang, H.-Y.*; DeBeer-Schmitt, L.*; Aczel, A. A.*; Wu, C.-M.*; Alba-Venero, D.*; 大原高志; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 136(8), p.086702_1 - 086702_6, 2026/02

https://doi.org/10.1103/fdds-f72t

被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：86.56(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

We demonstrate that a multi-k incommensurate magnetic state in the Weyl semimetal CeAlGe gives rise to a singular angular magnetoresistance (SAMR), which is an electrical transport signature capable of detecting magnetic field direction with exceptional precision. In contrast, its sister compound CeAlSi is devoid of both multi-k order and SAMR. We reveal that both phenomena appear upon 57% Ge substitution in CeAlSi1-xGex and coincide with electronic structure changes that soften the single-ion in-plane anisotropy and enhance Weyl-mediated magnetic interactions. These results unveil a remarkable connection between band topology, electronic transport, and collective magnetism in Weyl semimetals.

論文

Surface magnon propagation in a van der Waals Antiferromagnet

Chen, J.*; 山本慧; 他13名*

Physical Review Letters, 136(5), p.056702_1 - 056702_8, 2026/02

https://doi.org/10.1103/bkzn-qpqg

被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

The recently developed van der Waals magnets provide a promising platform for spintronics and magnonics. Here, we report the observation of surface magnon propagation in the van der Waals antiferromagnet CrSBr. We find a nearly unidirectional propagation of antiferromagnetic magnon modes, which emerge near the anticrossing of the optical and acoustic magnon bands, in agreement with our theory of magnetostatic waves in antiferromagnets. The propagation direction can be reversed by switching the magnetic field. The observed antiferromagnetic magnons operate in the gigahertz regime due to the weak interlayer exchange coupling. Our results open the pathway for nonreciprocal magnonic applications based on van der Waals antiferromagnets at easily-accessible microwave frequencies.

論文

Shape evolution in neutron-rich Rh isotopes; First measurement of negative-parity isomers in $^{117,119}$ Rh

Zhang, J. Z.*; Chen, Z. Q.*; Qu, T.*; Wang, Y. K.*; Li, Z. H.*; Orlandi, R.; 他62名*

Physics Letters B, 873, p.140144_1 - 140144_9, 2026/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2025.140144

被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

At the RIKEN, -delayed -ray spectroscopy studies were conducted on $^{117}$ Rh and $^{119}$ Rh, resulting in the world's first successful identification of a 1/2 isomer in these isotope, extending the energy difference between the 9/2 and 1/2 states up to neutron number =74. Comparison of the new results with state-of-the-art calculations suggests that triaxial deformation plays a significant role in the evolution of the energy difference, indicating a shape transition from axially symmetric to triaxial deformation within the Rh isotopic series. These findings provide new insights into the structure of neutron-rich nuclei in the atomic number region, elucidating the interplay between triaxial deformation and shell evolution.

論文

Practical approach of airborne gamma-ray spectrometry using UAVs for evaluating ground-level dose rates

Ji, Y.-Y.*; Ji, W.*; Kim, K.*; Kim, M. J.*; 越智康太郎; 森下祐樹; 眞田幸尚

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 244, p.113781_1 - 113781_12, 2026/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113781

被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Chemistry, Physical)

UAVによる空中線スペクトロメトリは迅速な放射線マッピングを可能にするが、飛行高度による減衰、視野効果、汚染の不均一性、地形条件により地上線量率の定量評価は難しい。本研究では福島第一原子力発電所周辺でホバリング飛行による校正と地上測定を組み合わせた実用的手法を開発した。二重指数モデルで高度補正係数を導出し、三脚およびバックパック測定と比較した結果、不均一サイトでの補正は系統誤差を生むが、均一サイトでの校正により一致が改善された。適切な補正を用いれば、UAV空中測定は信頼できる線量率分布評価が可能である。

論文

Pilot full-scale demonstration of a prototype table-top neutron resonance transmission analysis system for nuclear material detection

Guembou Shouop, C. J.; 土屋晴文

Communications Engineering (Internet), 5, p.11_1 - 11_14, 2026/01

https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-025-00564-6

Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA) is a powerful non-destructive assay for material characterisation, traditionally requiring large, fixed and costly facilities. Here, we present a compact NRTA system utilising a small $^{252}$ Cf spontaneous neutron source to analyse nuclear materials, offering a mobile and cost-effective alternative to accelerator, D-T, or laser-driven neutron sources. The pilot design, with a total size of 130 cm 50 cm50 cm, has an unprecedentedly short flight path of 42 cm, enabling time-of-flight measurements on nuclear material samples. The system's performance is demonstrated through NRTA measurements of simulated samples, including indium, hafnium, and cadmium metal plates. The resulting transmission spectra allow accurate isotope identification below 5 eV. These results underscore the system's potential for enhancing nuclear security, safeguards, and nonproliferation, particularly in scenarios where mobility, rapid deployment, and flexibility are critical. This work is supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) under the subsidy for the "promotion for strengthening nuclear security and the like."

論文

Isotopic ratios of plutonium in radioactive particles released by the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

五十嵐淳哉*; 二宮和彦*; Zheng, J.*; Zhang, Z.*; 福田美保*; 青野辰雄*; 箕輪はるか*; 吉川英樹*; 末木啓介*; 佐藤志彦; et al.

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 291, p.107856_1 - 107856_8, 2026/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107856

被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：58.02(Environmental Sciences)

福島第一原子力発電所(FDNPP)事故に由来する放射性粒子中のプルトニウム同位体比を、サンプル数を増やして高精度に測定し、FDNPP由来Puの指紋として利用可能な代表値を提示した。Pu同位体の原子比は放出源ごとに固有であり、Pu起源推定に有用である。FDNPP事故由来Puについては、事故時に炉内で形成された放射性粒子を対象とすることで全球的フォールアウトの影響を受けにくい評価が可能だが、既報は解析粒子数が少なく原子比推定の不確かさが大きかった。SF-ICP-MSにより7粒子を分析した結果、 $^{240}$ Pu/ $^{239}$ Pu=0.3690.008、 $^{241}$ Pu/ $^{239}$ Pu=0.1500.007(原子比)を得た。これらの値は炉心インベントリ計算や周辺環境試料で報告される比と概ね整合し、今後のPu起源推定や環境影響評価の参照指標として有用である。