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Se from combined conversion-electron and 
-ray spectroscopySmallcombe, J.; Garnsworthy, A. B.*; Korten, W.*; Singh, P.*; Muir, D.*; Pr
chniak, L.*; Ali, F. A.*; Andreoiu, C.*; Ansari, S.*; Ball, G. C.*; et al.
Physical Review C, 110(2), p.024318_1 - 024318_16, 2024/08
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Physics, Nuclear)In the selenium isotopes various shape phenomena are present, in particular the emergence of a dominant oblate deformation in the most neutron-deficient isotopes has been observed. The scenario of shape coexisting oblate and prolate bands has been proposed across the isotopic chain, with the crossing point of such bands being located near Se, where no coexistence has yet been identified. To determine the presence or absence of any low-lying 
state in Se, confirm the level structure, and interpret the nuclear deformation with theoretical models. A combined internal conversion electron and -ray spectroscopy study was undertaken with the SPICE and TIGRESS spectrometers at the TRIUMF-ISAC-II facility. Nuclear models were provided by the Generalised Triaxial Rotor Model (GTRM) and the collective Generalised Bohr Hamiltonian (GBH). Despite a comprehensive search, no evidence was found for the existence of a state below 2 MeV in Se. Significant discrepancies to the previously established positive parity level scheme were found. GBH calculations using UNEDF1 mass parameters were found to reproduce the revised low-lying level structure well. Se does not have a well defined axial shape. The 2
state at 1601 keV resembles a quasi- excitation rather than a member of a shape coexisting band; the presence of such a band is all but ruled out.
Massey, D.*; Williams, C. D.*; Mu, J.*; Masters, A. J.*; 元川 竜平; 青柳 登; 上田 祐生; Antonio, M. R.*
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 127(9), p.2052 - 2065, 2023/03
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：0.00(Chemistry, Physical)There is an ever-increasing body of evidence that metallic complexes, involving amphiphilic ligands, do not form normal solutions in organic solvents. Instead, they form complex fluids with intricate structures. For example, the metallic complexes may aggregate into clusters and these clusters themselves may aggregate into super-clusters. In order to gain a deeper insight into the mechanisms at play, we have used an improved force field to conduct extensive molecular dynamics simulations of a system composed of zirconium nitrate, water, nitric acid, tri-
-butyl phosphate and -octane. The important new finding is that a dynamic equilibrium between the cis and trans isomers of the metal complex is likely to play a key role in the aggregation behavior. The isolated cis and trans isomers have similar energies but simulation indicates that the clusters consist predominantly of cis isomers. With increasing metal concentration, we hypothesize that more clustering occurs and the chemical equilibrium shifts towards the cis isomer. It is possible that such isomeric effects play a role in the liquid-liquid extraction of other species and the inclusion of such effects in flowsheet modelling may lead to a better description of the process.
Yakushev, A.*; Lens, L.*; D
llmann, Ch. E.*; Khuyagbaatar, J.*; J
ger, E.*; Krier, J.*; Runke, J.*; Albers, H. M.*; 浅井 雅人; Block, M.*; et al.
Frontiers in Chemistry (Internet), 10, p.976635_1 - 976635_11, 2022/08
被引用回数：14 パーセンタイル：78.14(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)114番元素フレロビウム(Fl)は現在その化学的性質が研究されている最も重い元素である。Flに関する最初の化学実験では、Flは貴ガス的な性質を持つ元素であると報告された。一方、2番目の研究では、Flは揮発性金属の性質を示すと報告された。より信頼性の高い結論を得るため、我々は更なる実験的研究を行い、二酸化ケイ素と金表面におけるFlの吸着挙動を調べた。その結果、Flは揮発性金属の水銀よりも高い揮発性と低い反応性を示し、一方、貴ガスのラドンよりは反応性が高いことを明らかにした。
Do, S.-H.*; Paddison, J. A. M.*; Sala, G.*; Williams, T. J.*; 金子 耕士; 桑原 慶太郎*; May, A. F.*; Yan, J.*; McGuire, M. A.*; Stone, M. B.*; et al.
Physical Review B, 106(6), p.L060408_1 - L060408_6, 2022/08
被引用回数：13 パーセンタイル：82.68(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)For topological magnon spectra, determining and explaining the presence or absence of a gap at a magnon crossing point is a central issue. An inelastic neutron scattering study of a single crystals is a powerful experimental technique to investigate the spin dynamics and hence is widely employed to probe the magnetic excitation spectra of topological materials. However, when the neutron intensity rapidly disperses, such as near a crossing point for a Dirac magnon, the apparent spectrum is extremely sensitive to experimental conditions including sample mosaic, resolution, and integration range. Here we study a gapless Dirac magnon candidate CrCl
to show how the quantification of a gapless or gaped spectrum at the Dirac point is extremely sensitive to the integration range of data. Our work calls for a careful examination of reports of gaps in inelastic neutron scattering spectra to ensure that topological gaps are not misdiagnosed or overestimated due to experimental factors.
0 transition strength for 
Se using the SPICE spectrometerSmallcombe, J.; Garnsworthy, A. B.*; Korten, W.*; Singh, P.*; Ali, F. A.*; Andreoiu, C.*; Ansari, S.*; Ball, G. C.*; Barton, C. J.*; Bhattacharjee, S. S.*; et al.
Physical Review C, 106(1), p.014312_1 - 014312_9, 2022/07
被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：70.77(Physics, Nuclear)The selenium isotopes lie at the heart of a tumultuous region of the nuclear chart where shape coexistence effects grapple with neutron-proton pairing correlations, triaxiality, and the impending proton dripline. In this work a study of Se by internal conversion electron and -ray spectroscopy was undertaken with the SPICE and TIGRESS arrays. New measurements of the branching ratio and lifetime of the 
state were performed yielding a determination of 
milliunits. Two state mixing calculations were performed that highlighted the importance of interpretation of such 
strength values in the context of shape-coexistence.
Zarazovski, M.*; Pistra, V.*; Lauerova, D.*; Obermeier, F.*; Mora, D.*; Dubyk, Y.*; Bolinder, T.*; Cueto-Felgueroso, C.*; Szavai, S.*; Dudra, J.*; et al.
Proceedings of ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2022) (Internet), 11 Pages, 2022/07
The APAL (Advanced Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) Analysis for Long-Term Operation (LTO)) project was launched in October 2020 for four years with funding from the European Union's HORIZON 2020 program. Within APAL, an extensive literature review was performed and experience with defining the state-of-the-art of the Warm Pre-Stress (WPS) effect, which has an impact on the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) brittle fracture margin in both deterministic and probabilistic terms, was collected. To gather the worldwide experience of the WPS approaches and models, a comprehensive questionnaire was developed followed by each APAL partner response. It mainly focused on the following aspects: collection of existing WPS approaches and models implemented in standards and rules for RPV brittle fracture assessment; identification of the WPS issues; collection and analysis of the existing experimental data. This work describes worldwide experience and best practice of the WPS and its application for the RPV integrity assessment. The paper's conclusions are also focused on the recommendations for dealing with WPS issues.
元川 竜平; 小林 徹; 遠藤 仁; Mu, J.*; Williams, C. D.*; Masters, A. J.*; Antonio, M. R.*; Heller, W. T.*; 長尾 道弘*
ACS Central Science, 5(1), p.85 - 96, 2019/01
被引用回数：51 パーセンタイル：85.82(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)We present a hierarchical aggregate model of an organic phase containing a coordination species that acts as a fundamental building unit of higher-order structures formed in the organic phase. We aimed to elucidate the fundamental aspects of the microscopic structure and phase separation occurring in ionic separation and recovery systems during solvent extraction. The coordination species aggregate through a hydrogen-bonding network formed by interaction between the hydrophilic part of the coordination species with extracted water and acid molecules. This reduces the hydrophilic surface area, resulting in subsequent formation of small primal clusters of 2 to 3 nm in diameter. The primal clusters further aggregate due to van der Waals interaction to form large aggregates of 
10 nm in diameter. The size of the primal cluster does not depend on the concentration of the coordination species, whereas the size of the large aggregate increases as the aggregation number of the primal clusters increases. We conclude that hybrid interaction is a key driving force in the formation and growth of the hierarchical aggregate and the induction of phase separation of the organic phase.
Kristo, M. J.*; Williams, R.*; Gaffney, A. M.*; Kayzar-Boggs, T. M.*; Schorzman, K. C.*; Lagerkvist, P.*; Vesterlund, A.*; Ramebck, H.*; Nelwamondo, A. N.*; Kotze, D.*; et al.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 315(2), p.425 - 434, 2018/02
被引用回数：16 パーセンタイル：80.68(Chemistry, Analytical)最新の核鑑識国際共同試料分析演習では、低濃縮ウラン試料について、10か国の核鑑識ラボラトリーが精製年代測定を実施して良好な結果を得た。これらの測定のうち、3つの異なる核種ペアを用いた精製年代測定も実施された。10か国の核鑑識ラボラトリーが提出した精製年代測定の結果は、実際の精製日と概ね一致した。また、質量分析法による結果は、放射線計測法を用いたものに比べて、高精度な結果を示した。さらに、一部のラボラトリーによって示された
U-
Pa法と
U-
Th法による精製年代測定の結果の一致は、結果の確証性を高めた。
-butyl phosphate in organic and aqueous environments and its relevance to nuclear extraction processesMu, J.*; 元川 竜平; Williams, C. D.*; 阿久津 和宏*; 西辻 祥太郎*; Masters, A. J.*
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 120(23), p.5183 - 5193, 2016/06
被引用回数：27 パーセンタイル：58.33(Chemistry, Physical)A refined model for tri--butyl phosphate (TBP), which uses a new set of partial charges generated from our ab initio density functional theory calculations, has been proposed in this study. Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to determine the thermodynamic properties, transport properties, and the microscopic structures of liquid TBP, TBP/water mixtures, and TBP/-alkane mixtures. These results are compared with those obtained from four other TBP models, previously described in the literature. We conclude that our refined TBP model appears to be the only TBP model from this set that, with reasonable accuracy, can simultaneously predict the properties of TBP in bulk TBP, in organic diluents, and in aqueous solution. This new TBP model is thus appropriate for the simulation of liquid-liquid extraction systems in the nuclear extraction process, where one needs to simultaneously model TBP in both aqueous and organic phases. It is also promising for the investigation of the microscopic structure of the organic phase in these processes and for the characterization of third-phase formation, where TBP again interacts simultaneously with both polar and nonpolar molecules. Because the proposed TBP model uses OPLS-2005 Lennard-Jones parameters, it may be used with confidence to model mixtures of TBP with other species whose parameters are given by the OPLS-2005 force field.
NiChiara, C. J.*; Weisshaar, D.*; Janssens, R. V. F.*; 角田 佑介*; 大塚 孝治*; Harker, J. L.*; Walters, W. B.*; Recchia, F.*; Albers, M.*; Alcorta, M.*; et al.
Physical Review C, 91(4), p.044309_1 - 044309_10, 2015/04
被引用回数：39 パーセンタイル：91.21(Physics, Nuclear)アルゴンヌ国立研究所にて中性子過剰核NiをZnの多核子移行反応によって生成し、線検出器GRETINAを用いて線分光を行った。その結果、
, 
準位を初めて観測した。これらの準位は小さな模型空間を採用した殻模型計算では再現されないため、陽子の
軌道からの励起を伴った大きな変形状態であると考えられる。本論文の理論グループが2014年に発表した大規模殻模型計算によってNiの励起状態を解析した結果、これらの状態は大きなプロレート変形を持つ状態とよく対応することがわかった。この結果は、中性子過剰ニッケル同位体における変形共存が
Ni以外にも存在することを実証するとともに、中性子過剰核における大規模殻模型計算の予言能力を確かめるものである。
Deng, Z.*; Jin, C. Q.*; Liu, Q. Q.*; Wang, X. C.*; Zhu, J. L.*; Feng, S. M.*; Chen, L. C.*; Yu, R. C.*; Arguello, C.*; 後神 達郎*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 2, p.1425_1 - 1425_5, 2011/08
被引用回数：166 パーセンタイル：93.63(Multidisciplinary Sciences)(Ga,Mn)Asは典型的な強磁性III-V族半導体として知られている。これは3価のGa原子を2価のMnで置き換えたものであるが、化学的溶解度が限られているため準安定であり、薄膜でしか製作できないものであった。また電子ドープも行うことができなかった。この困難な条件を超えるため、Masekらは理論的にI-II-V族半導体LiZnAsを提案した。この物質では原子価が等しい(Zn,Mn)の置き換えによる磁性の発現とLi濃度を過剰あるいは不足させることによるキャリアードープを独立に制御可能である。本研究では世界で初めてバルクな状態でのLi
(Zn
Mn
)Asの合成に成功した。わずかにLiを過剰にすることで、50Kまでの温度で強磁性が現れること、またp型のキャリアーを持つことが観測され、これらの結果を報告した。
Se nuclear shapes with SPICE and TIGRESSSmallcombe, J.; Garnsworthy, A. B.*; Korten, W.*; Singh, P.*; Ali, F. A.*; Andreoiu, C.*; Ansari, S.*; Ball, G. C.*; Barton, C. J.*; Bhattacharjee, S. S.*; et al.
no journal, ,
The phenomenon of shape coexistence is prevalent in the Z
34 region, with isotopes of neutron-deficient even Ge, Se and Kr each exhibiting the characteristic low-lying coexisting 0+ bands which display quadrupole deformation different to that of the ground states. In the selenium isotopes, 
Se seem to show a prolate ground structure with shape coexisting oblate excitation, while in Se the oblate structure appears to have become the ground state. The exact nature of the low-lying structure Se and any shape coexistence remains uncertain. Combining the Spectrometer for Internal Conversion Electrons (SPICE) with the TIGRESS HPGe Array, a full electron and gamma-ray experimental study of Se, Se was undertaken at the TRIUMF ISAC-II facility to unveil the low-lying structure of these nuclei. Details of the device and experiment will be presented, alongside the experimental results and possible structural interpretations for both isotopes.
