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佐藤 一憲; 吉川 信治; 山下 拓哉; 下村 健太; Cibula, M.*; 溝上 伸也*
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 422, p.113088_1 - 113088_24, 2024/06
The accident progression of the in-vessel phase of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 1 was analyzed using the MAAP code. Although there is a large uncertainty in the initial stage of accident progression behavior in Unit 1 with little measurement data, it is presumed to have similarities to that of Unit 3. As a result, in Unit 1, since there was almost no alternative water injection during the in-vessel phase, cooling of the debris transferred to the lower plenum was small. It was likely that a large molten pool of metals had formed, and that the steam supply to the high-temperature core materials was suppressed and metal oxidation was relatively small. The analysis results for Unit 1 were compared with those for Units 2 and 3, and differences between units such as the thermal conditions of the debris that relocated to the pedestal and the degree of metal oxidation were shown.
佐藤 一憲; 吉川 信治; 山下 拓哉; 下村 健太; Cibula, M.*; 溝上 伸也*
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 414, p.112574_1 - 112574_20, 2023/12
Based on the updated knowledge from plant-internal investigations, experiments and computer-model simulations until now, the in-vessel phase of Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 3 was analyzed using the MAAP code. In Unit 3, it is considered that ca. 40 percent of UO
fuel was molten when core materials relocated to the lower plenum of the reactor pressure vessel. Initially relocated molten materials would have been fragmented by mixing with liquid water, while solid materials would have relocated later on. With this two-step relocation, debris in the lower plenum seems to have been permeable for coolant, thus debris seems to have been once cooled down effectively. Although the present MAAP analysis seems to slightly underestimate core-material oxidation during the relocation period, this probable underestimation was compensated for by an existing study that was considered more reliable, so that more realistic debris conditions in the lower plenum could be obtained. Probable debris reheat-up behavior was evaluated based on interpretation of the pressure data. This evaluation predicted that the fuel debris in the lower plenum was basically in solid-phase at the time when it relocated to the pedestal. With this study, basic validity of the former prediction of the Unit 3 accident progression behavior was confirmed, and detailed boundary conditions for future studies addressing the later phases were provided.
堂田 哲広; 加藤 慎也; 浜瀬 枝里菜; 桑垣 一紀; 菊地 紀宏; 大釜 和也; 吉村 一夫; 吉川 龍志; 横山 賢治; 上羽 智之; et al.
Proceedings of 20th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-20) (Internet), p.946 - 959, 2023/08
安全かつ経済的で持続可能な先進的原子炉を実現するために革新的設計システム(ARKADIA)を開発している。本論文では、ARKADIAの一部である設計研究のためのARKADIA-Designに着目し、炉心設計の数値解析手法の妥当性確認について紹介する。ARKADIA-Designでは、炉物理、熱流動、炉心構造、燃料ピン挙動の解析コードを組み合わせたマルチフィジックス解析により、ナトリウム冷却高速炉の炉心性能を解析する。これらの解析の妥当性を確認するため、実験データ及び信頼できる数値解析結果を選定し、検証マトリックスを作成する。解析コードのモデル及び検証マトリクスの代表的な確認解析について説明する。
佐藤 一憲; 吉川 信治; 山下 拓哉; Cibula, M.*; 溝上 伸也*
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 404, p.112205_1 - 112205_21, 2023/04
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：90.12(Nuclear Science & Technology)これまでのプラント内部調査、実験、コンピュータモデルシミュレーションから得られた最新の知見に基づき、福島第一原子力発電所2号機の原子炉圧力炉容器内フェーズに対するMAAP解析を実施した。2号機では、炉心物質が圧力容器の下部プレナムに移動し、そこで冷却材によって冷却されて固化したときのエンタルピーが比較的低かったと考えられる。MAAPコードは、炉心物質リロケーション期間中の炉心物質の酸化の程度を過小評価する傾向があるが、酸化に係るより信頼性の高い既存研究を活用することによって補正を行うことで、下部プレナム内の燃料デブリ状態の、より現実的な評価を行った。この評価により、2号機事故進展挙動に係る既往予測の基本的妥当性が確認され、今後の後続過程研究を進めるための詳細な境界条件を提供した。下部ヘッドの破損とペデスタルへのデブリ移行に至るデブリ再昇温プロセスに対処する将来研究に、本研究で得た境界条件を反映する必要がある。
吉川 貴史*; 齊藤 英治
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, 14, p.129 - 151, 2023/03
被引用回数：11 パーセンタイル：85.47(Physics, Condensed Matter)The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) refers to the generation of a spin current as a result of a temperature gradient in a magnetic material, which can be detected electrically via the inverse spin Hall effect in a metallic contact. Since the discovery of the SSE in 2008, intensive studies on the SSE have been conducted to elucidate its origin. SSEs appear in a wide range of magnetic materials including ferro-, ferri-, and antiferromagnets and also paramagnets with classical or quantum spin fluctuation. SSE voltage reflects fundamental properties of a magnet, such as elementary excitation, static magnetic order, spin correlation, and spin transport. In this article, we review recent progress on the SSE in various systems, with particular emphasis on its emerging role as a probe of these magnetic properties in solids. We also briefly discuss the recently discovered nuclear SSE.
前川 禎通; 吉川 貴史*; 中堂 博之; 家田 淳一; 齊藤 英治
Journal of Applied Physics, 133(2), p.020902_1 - 020902_24, 2023/01
被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：96.84(Physics, Applied)Along with the progress of spin science and spintronics research, the flow of electron spins, i.e., spin current, has attracted interest. New phenomena and electronic states were explained in succession using the concept of spin current. Moreover, as many of the conventionally known spintronics phenomena became well organized based on spin current, it has rapidly been recognized as an essential concept in a wide range of condensed matter physics. In this article, we focus on recent developments in the physics of spin, spin current, and their related phenomena, where the conversion between spin angular momentum and different forms of angular momentum plays an essential role. Starting with an introduction to spin current, we first discuss the recent progress in spintronic phenomena driven by spin-exchange coupling: spin pumping, topological Hall torque, and emergent inductor. We, then, extend our discussion to the interaction/interconversion of spins with heat, lattice vibrations, and charge current and address recent progress and perspectives on the spin Seebeck and Peltier effects. Next, we review the interaction between mechanical motion and electron/nuclear spins and argue the difference between the Barnett field and rotational Doppler effect. We show that the Barnett effect reveals the angular momentum compensation temperature, at which the net angular momentum is quenched in ferrimagnets.
大柳 洸一*; 高橋 三郎*; 吉川 貴史*; 齊藤 英治
Physical Review B, 107(1), p.014423_1 - 014423_8, 2023/01
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：94.87(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)We have theoretically investigated the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in a normal metal (NM)/paramagnetic insulator (PI) bilayer system. Through a linear response approach, we calculated the thermal spin pumping from PI to NM and backflow spin current from NM to PI, where the spin-flip scattering via the interfacial exchange coupling between conduction-electron spin in NM and localized spin in PI is taken into account. We found a finite spin current appears at the interface under the difference in the effective temperatures between spins in NM and PI, and its intensity increases by increasing the density of the localized spin S. Our model well reproduces the magnetic-field-induced reduction of the paramagnetic SSE in Pt/Gd
Ga
O
experimentally observed when the Zeeman energy is comparable to the thermal energy, which can be interpreted as the suppression of the interfacial spin-flip scattering. The present finding provides an insight into the mechanism of paramagnetic SSEs and the thermally induced spin-current generation in magnetic materials.
Lee, O.*; 山本 慧; 埋田 真樹; Zollitsch, C. W.*; Elyasi, M.*; 吉川 貴史*; 齊藤 英治; Bauer, G. E. W.*; 紅林 秀和*
Physical Review Letters, 130(4), p.046703_1 - 046703_6, 2023/01
被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：80.44(Physics, Multidisciplinary)We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that nonlinear spin-wave interactions suppress the hybrid magnon-photon quasiparticle or "magnon polariton" in microwave spectra of an yttrium iron garnet film detected by an on-chip split-ring resonator. We observe a strong coupling between the Kittel and microwave cavity modes in terms of an avoided crossing as a function of magnetic fields at low microwave input powers, but a complete closing of the gap at high powers. The experimental results are well explained by a theoretical model including the three-magnon decay of the Kittel magnon into spin waves. The gap closure originates from the saturation of the ferromagnetic resonance above the Suhl instability threshold by a coherent back reaction from the spin waves.
大島 宏之; 森下 正樹*; 相澤 康介; 安藤 勝訓; 芦田 貴志; 近澤 佳隆; 堂田 哲広; 江沼 康弘; 江連 俊樹; 深野 義隆; et al.
Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors; JSME Series in Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation, Vol.3, 631 Pages, 2022/07
ナトリウム冷却高速炉(SFR: Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor)の歴史や、利点、課題を踏まえた安全性、設計、運用、メンテナンスなどについて解説する。AIを利用した設計手法など、SFRの実用化に向けた設計や研究開発についても述べる。
草野 完也*; 一本 潔*; 石井 守*; 三好 由純*; 余田 成男*; 秋吉 英治*; 浅井 歩*; 海老原 祐輔*; 藤原 均*; 後藤 忠徳*; et al.
Earth, Planets and Space (Internet), 73(1), p.159_1 - 159_29, 2021/12
被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：51.19(Geosciences, Multidisciplinary)PSTEPとは、2015年4月から2020年3月まで日本国内の太陽・地球惑星圏に携わる研究者が協力して実施した科研費新学術領域研究である。この研究枠組みから500以上の査読付き論文が発表され、様々なセミナーやサマースクールが実施された。本論文では、その成果をまとめて報告する。
大柳 洸一*; Gomez-Perez, J. M.*; Zhang, X.-P.*; 吉川 貴史*; Chen, Y.*; Sagasta, E.*; Chuvilin, A.*; Hueso, L. E.*; Golovach, V. N.*; Sebastian Bergeret, F.*; et al.
Physical Review B, 104(13), p.134428_1 - 134428_14, 2021/10
被引用回数：14 パーセンタイル：77.64(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)We report the observation of the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) in a paramagnetic insulator. By measuring the transverse resistance in a Pt/GdGaO (GGG) system at low temperatures, paramagnetic SMR is found to appear with an intensity that increases with the magnetic field aligning GGG's spins. The observed effect is well supported by a microscopic SMR theory, which provides the parameters governing the spin transport at the interface. Our findings clarify the mechanism of spin exchange at a Pt/GGG interface, and demonstrate tunable spin-transfer torque through the field-induced magnetization of GGG. In this regard, paramagnetic insulators offer a key property for future spintronic devices.
宮本 勇太; 植村 勝*; 吉川 勝裕*; 安藤 静治*
令和2年度公益財団法人若狭湾エネルギー研究センター研究年報,23, P. 40, 2021/10
新型転換炉原型炉「ふげん」の原子炉構造材を模した試験体(コールド材料)を用いて、実機解体を想定した水深約10mの試験水槽内でレーザ切断を実施した。切断時に発生する粉じんやドロス等の粒子状物質について、切断速度等の切断条件の違いによる気中及び水中への移行量等の挙動データを取得した。
吉川 信治; 山路 哲史*
JAEA-Research 2021-006, 52 Pages, 2021/09
JAEA-Research-2021-006.pdf:3.89MB
福島第一原子力発電所2号機、3号機では、原子炉圧力容器(RPV)が破損し、炉心物質の一部(制御棒駆動機構(CRD)配管部品や燃料集合体上部タイプレート等)がペデスタル領域へと移行していることが確認されているが、沸騰水型軽水炉(BWR)ではRPV下部ヘッド及びその上下に複雑な炉心支持構造やCRDが設置されており、炉心物質のペデスタルへの移行挙動もまた複雑なものになっているものと推定される。BWRの複雑なRPV下部構造における炉心物質の移行挙動の概略特性把握には複雑な界面変化と移行を機構論的に解くことのできるMPS法の適用が有効である。本研究では、MPS法による福島第一原子力発電所2号機、3号機のRPVアブレーション解析のために、令和元年度は剛体モデル、並列化、計算タイムステップ効率化手法を開発し、令和2年度はMPS法の圧力壁境界条件の改良、剛体計算の安定化、デブリベッドの溶融過程の解析コスト低減のための計算アルゴリズムの改良を行った。これらの改良により、RPV下部プレナムに堆積した固体デブリが溶融しながらリロケーション再配置する過程を様々なケースについて実用的な計算コストで感度解析できるようになった。また、2号機及び3号機の解析の結果、下部プレナムで冷え固まったデブリの性状(粒子状/塊状)や堆積分布(成層化の程度)は、その後のデブリベッド再昇温及び部分溶融に要する時間と溶融プール形成に大きく影響し、RPV下部ヘッドの破損挙動や燃料デブリの流出挙動に影響することが明らかになった。
VAl/Fe layered films showing exchange bias窪田 崇秀*; 嶋田 雄介*; 土屋 朋生*; 吉川 智己*; 伊藤 啓太*; 竹田 幸治; 斎藤 祐児; 今野 豊彦*; 木村 昭夫*; 高梨 弘毅*
Nanomaterials (Internet), 11(7), p.1723_1 - 1723_11, 2021/07
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：17.84(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)Heusler alloys exhibit various magnetic properties. In this study, a layered sample consisting of a Heusler alloy, MnVAl and a ferromagnet, Fe, is selected as a material system exhibiting exchange bias. Although the fully ordered MnVAl is known as a ferrimagnet, the MnVAl/Fe layered structure exhibits exchange bias. The high-angle annular dark field STEM images demonstrated the formation of MnVAl clusters with the L2
phase distributed only around the interface to the Fe layer in the sample. Furthermore, the antiferromagnetic coupling between the Mn- and Fe-moments were observed in element specific hysteresis loops measured using XMCD. The locally ordered L2 phase and antiferromagnetic Mn-moments in the MnVAl layer are important for the exchange bias.
吉川 貴史*; Reitz, D.*; 伊藤 宏陽*; 巻内 崇彦*; 杉本 宜陽*; 恒川 翔*; 大門 俊介*; 大柳 洸一*; Ramos, R.*; 高橋 三郎*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 12, p.4356_1 - 4356_7, 2021/07
被引用回数：19 パーセンタイル：88.38(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Thermoelectric effects have been applied to power generators and temperature sensors that convert waste heat into electricity. The effects, however, have been limited to electrons to occur, and inevitably disappear at low temperatures due to electronic entropy quenching. Here, we report thermoelectric generation caused by nuclear spins in a solid: nuclear-spin Seebeck effect. The sample is a magnetically ordered material MnCO having a large nuclear spin 
of 
Mn nuclei and strong hyperfine coupling, with a Pt contact. In the system, we observe low-temperature thermoelectric signals down to 100 mK due to nuclear-spin excitation. Our theoretical calculation in which interfacial Korringa process is taken into consideration quantitatively reproduces the results. The nuclear thermoelectric effect demonstrated here offers a way for exploring thermoelectric science and technologies at ultralow temperatures.
佐藤 一憲; 荒井 雄太*; 吉川 信治
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 58(4), p.434 - 460, 2021/04
被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：72.21(Nuclear Science & Technology)The vapor formation within the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) is regarded to represent heat removal from core materials to the coolant, while the hydrogen generation within the RPV is regarded to represent heat generation by metal oxidation. Based on this understanding, the history of the vapor/hydrogen generation in the in-vessel phase of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 3 was evaluated based on the comparison of the observed pressure data and the GOTHIC code analysis results. The resultant vapor/hydrogen generation histories were then converted to heat removal by coolant and heat generation by oxidation. The effects of the decay power and the heat transfer to the structures on the core material energy were also evaluated. The core materials are suggested to be significantly cooled by water within the RPV, especially when the core materials are relocated to the lower plenum.
北里 宏平*; Milliken, R. E.*; 岩田 隆浩*; 安部 正真*; 大竹 真紀子*; 松浦 周二*; 高木 靖彦*; 中村 智樹*; 廣井 孝弘*; 松岡 萌*; et al.
Nature Astronomy (Internet), 5(3), p.246 - 250, 2021/03
被引用回数：43 パーセンタイル：96.93(Astronomy & Astrophysics)2019年4月「はやぶさ2」ミッションは、地球に近い炭素質の小惑星(162173)リュウグウの人工衝撃実験を成功させた。これは露出した地下物質を調査し、放射加熱の潜在的な影響をテストする機会を提供した。はやぶさ2の近赤外線分光器(NIRS3)によるリュウグウの地下物質の観測結果を報告する。発掘された材料の反射スペクトルは、表面で観測されたものと比較して、わずかに強くピークがシフトした水酸基(OH)の吸収を示す。これは、宇宙風化や放射加熱が最上部の表面で微妙なスペクトル変化を引き起こしたことを示している。ただし、このOH吸収の強度と形状は、表面と同様に、地下物質が300
Cを超える加熱を経験したことを示している。一方、熱物理モデリングでは、軌道長半径が0.344AUに減少しても、推定される掘削深度1mでは放射加熱によって温度が200Cを超えて上昇しないことが示されている。これは、リュウグウ母天体が放射加熱と衝撃加熱のいずれか、もしくは両方により熱変化が発生したという仮説を裏付けている。
Ramos, R.*; 巻内 崇彦*; 吉川 貴史*; 大門 俊介*; 大柳 洸一*; 齊藤 英治
Applied Physics Letters, 117(24), p.242402_1 - 242402_5, 2020/12
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：5.55(Physics, Applied)We investigated the magnetotransport properties of mesoscopic platinum nanostructures (wires and rings) with sub-100 nm lateral dimensions at very low temperatures. Despite the strong spin-orbit interaction in platinum, oscillation of the conductance as a function of the external magnetic field due to quantum interference effects was found to appear. The oscillation was decomposed into Aharonov-Bohm periodic oscillations and aperiodic fluctuations of the conductance due to a magnetic flux piercing the loop of the ring and the metal wires forming the nanostructures, respectively. We also investigated the magnetotransport under different bias currents to explore the interplay between electron phase coherence and spin accumulation effects in strong spin-orbit conductors.
MnGe (Ga) film via Ge (Ga) 
absorption spectroscopy吉川 智己*; Antonov, V. N.*; 河野 嵩*; 鹿子木 将明*; 角田 一樹; 宮本 幸治*; 竹田 幸治; 斎藤 祐児; 後藤 一希*; 桜庭 裕弥*; et al.
Physical Review B, 102(6), p.064428_1 - 064428_7, 2020/08
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：12.9(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy were applied at the Ge (Ga) edge to unravel the spin-resolved unoccupied electronic states of CoMnGe (Ga). Complicated spectral features were observed in both XAS and XMCD spectra. For their interpretation, we compared the experimental XAS and XMCD spectra with the calculated Ge (Ga) 4
and 4
orbital partial density of states. The comparison enabled a qualitative explanation of the XMCD spectra as the difference between the majority and minority-spin unoccupied density of states summed over the 4 and 4 orbitals. Our finding provides a new approach to uncover the spin-split partial density of states above the Fermi level.
南部 雄亮*; Barker, J.*; 沖野 夕貴*; 吉川 貴史*; 塩見 雄毅*; Enderle, M.*; Weber, T.*; Winn, B.*; Graves-Brook, M.*; Tranquada, J. M.*; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 125(2), p.027201_1 - 027201_6, 2020/07
被引用回数：45 パーセンタイル：94.07(Physics, Multidisciplinary)We measure the mode-resolved direction of the precessional motion of the magnetic order, i.e., magnon polarization, via the chiral term of inelastic polarized neutron scattering spectra. The magnon polarization is a unique and unambiguous signature of magnets and is important in spintronics, affecting thermodynamic properties such as the magnitude and sign of the spin Seebeck effect. However, it has never been directly measured in any material until this work. The observation of both signs of magnon polarization in YFeO also gives direct proof of its ferrimagnetic nature. The experiments agree very well with atomistic simulations of the scattering cross section.
