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Hanada, Masaya; Akino, Noboru; Endo, Yasuei; Inoue, Takashi; Kawai, Mikito; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi; Komata, Masao; Kojima, Atsushi; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; et al.
Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research SERIES, Vol.9, p.208 - 213, 2010/08
A large negative ion source with an ion extraction area of 110 cm 45 cm has been developed to produce 500 keV, 22 A D ion beams required for JT-60 Super Advanced. To realize the JT-60SA negative ion source, the JT-60 negative ion source has been modified and tested on the negative-ion-based neutral beam injector on JT-60U. A 500 keV H ion beam has been produced at 3 A without a significant degradation of beam optics. This is the first demonstration of a high energy negative ion acceleration of more than one-ampere to 500 keV in the world. The beam current density of 90 A/m is being increased to meet 130 A/m of the design value for JT-60SA by tuning the operation parameters. A long pulse injection of 30 s has been achieved at a injection D power of 3 MW. The injection energy, defined as the product of the injection time and power, reaches 80 MJ by neutralizing a 340 keV, 27 A D ion beam produced with two negative ion sources.
Kawai, Mikito; Akino, Noboru; Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Ebisawa, Noboru; Honda, Atsushi; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Noto, Katsuya; Oshima, Katsumi; et al.
JAEA-Technology 2008-069, 32 Pages, 2008/10
The neutral beam injection system for JT-60U consists of positive-ion based type(P-NBI) and negative-ion based type(N-NBI). The reionization losses of neutral beams in the drift ducts of both P-NBI and N-NBI are estimated using the data of ambient pressure and gas flow rate into the beamlines. This system was not enough to obtain detail injection power for a long pulse operation. Modifications of the system to obtain reionization loss for a long pulse operation have been conducted. The new system has a capability to measure the pressures of drift duct during operation. The system can calculate the reionization loss automatically during the pulse from the measured pressure. More acurate injection power can be obtained by this new system.
Usui, Katsutomi; Noto, Katsuya; Kawai, Mikito; Oga, Tokumichi*; Ikeda, Yoshitaka
JAEA-Technology 2008-053, 35 Pages, 2008/08
The JT-60 negative ion-based NBI (N-NBI) system is required to extend the pulse duration from 30s to 100s in JT-60SA that is the modified JT-60U with full superconducting coils. The JT-60SA N-NBI system will have 2 ion sources, each of which will inject 5 MW at 500 keV. The present power supply system should be upgraded to operate for 100s with minimizing the modification of existing components. The protective characteristic and thermal capacities of the power supply components were assessed based on the experience of the modification for the 30s operation in 2003. The acceleration power supply is to be modified with combination of existing Gate Turnoff Thyristors (GTO) and Injection Enhanced Gate Transistors (IEGT) added newly. Five power supplies for a plasma production in the negative ion sources are to be modified by increasing the capacities of the partial resistance and cooling systems. These modifications can allow the long pulse operation of 100 for JT-60SA N-NBI system.
Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Hanada, Masaya; Kamada, Masaki; Kobayashi, Kaoru; Umeda, Naotaka; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Inoue, Takashi; Honda, Atsushi; Kawai, Mikito; et al.
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 36(4), p.1519 - 1529, 2008/08
Times Cited Count:12 Percentile:43.76(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)The JT-60SA N-NBI system is required to inject 10 MW for 100 s at 500 keV. Three key issues should be solved for the JT-60SA N-NBI ion source. One is to improve the voltage holding capability. Recent R&D tests suggested that the accelerator with a large area of grids may need a high margin in the design of electric field and a long time for conditioning. The second issue is to reduce the grid power loading. It was found that some beamlets were strongly deflected due to beamlet-beamlet interaction and strike on the grounded grid. The grids are to be designed by taking account of beamlet-beamlet interaction in three-dimensional simulation. Third is to maintain the D- production for 100 s. A simple cooling structure is proposed for the active cooled plasma grid, where a key is the temperature gradient on the plasma grid for uniform D- production. The modified N-NBI ion source will start on JT-60SA in 2015.
Noto, Katsuya; Usui, Katsutomi; Kawai, Mikito; Ikeda, Yoshitaka
JAEA-Technology 2008-049, 23 Pages, 2008/06
Water-cooled bleeder resistor, utilized in acceleration power supply on the positive-ion-based NBI system, has been designed to realize 100 s injections of intense neutral beams in JT-60 Super Advanced. The design is progressed with minimizing modification of existing electric parts. Exsiting water-cooled bleeder resistors is composed of three water vessels connected in parallel, in each of which 150 resistors of 600 are immersed and connected in series. Although the manufacturing company requires entire replacement of water-cooled bleeder, the careful assessment of thermal load allows only the replacement of the resistors inside the water vessel. The resistance of one resistors is required to be increased from 600 to 2.5 k. The total resistance of the bleeder is 140 k that includes the resistance of water. In the operation with the bleeder of 140 k, stable production of 85 keV, 55 A D beams, allowing 2 MW of the designed injection power, was confirmed without instabilization of the acceleration power supply. This modification significantly reduces the cost and the manufacturing time.
Hanada, Masaya; Kamada, Masaki; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Honda, Atsushi; Kawai, Mikito; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi; Komata, Masao; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; et al.
Review of Scientific Instruments, 79(2), p.02A519_1 - 02A519_4, 2008/02
Times Cited Count:6 Percentile:32.22(Instruments & Instrumentation)A long pulse production of high-current, high-energy D ion beams was studied in the JT-60U negative ion source that was designed to produce 22 A, 500 keV D ion beams. Prior to the long pulse production, the short pulse beams were produced to examine operational ranges for a stable voltage holding capability and an allowable grid power loading. From a correlation between the voltage holding capability and a light intensity of cathodoluminescence from the insulator made of Fiber Reinforced Plastic insulator, the voltage holding was found to be stable at 340 kV where the light was sufficiently suppressed. The grid power loading for the long pulse operation was also decreased to the allowable level of 1 MW without a significant reduction of the beam power by tuning the extraction voltage (Vext) and the arc power (Parc). These allow the production of 30 A D ion beams at 340 keV from two ion sources at Vacc = 340 kV. The pulse length was extended step by step, and finally reached up to 21 s, where the beam pulse length was limited by the surface temperature of the beam scraper without water cooling. The D ion beams were neutralized to via a gas cell, resulting in a long pulse injection of 3.2 MW D beams for 21 s. This is the first long injection of 20 s in a power range of 3 MW.
Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Hanada, Masaya; Inoue, Takashi; Honda, Atsushi; Kamada, Masaki; Kawai, Mikito; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi; et al.
Fusion Engineering and Design, 82(5-14), p.791 - 797, 2007/10
Times Cited Count:22 Percentile:80.57(Nuclear Science & Technology)Modification of JT-60U to a superconducting device (so called JT-60SA) has been planned to contribute to ITER and DEMO. The NBI system is required to inject 34 MW for 100 s. The upgraded NBI system consists of twelve positive ion based NBI (P-NBI) units and one negative ion based NBI (N-NBI) unit. The injection power of the P-NBI units are 2 MW each at 85 keV, and the N-NBI unit will be 10 MW at 500 keV, respectively. On JT-60U, the long pulse operation of 30 s at 2 MW (85 keV) and 20 s at 3.2 MW (320 keV) have been achieved on P-NBI and N-NBI units, respectively. Since the temperature increase of the cooling water in both ion sources is saturated within 20 s, further pulse extension up to 100 s is expected to mainly modify the power supply systems in addition to modification of the N-NBI ion source for high acceleration voltage. The detailed technical design of the NBI system for JT-60SA is presented.
Oshima, Katsumi; Okano, Fuminori; Honda, Atsushi; Shinozaki, Shinichi; Usui, Katsutomi; Noto, Katsuya; Kawai, Mikito; Ikeda, Yoshitaka
JAEA-Technology 2007-044, 27 Pages, 2007/06
In the positive ion based NBI (P-NBI) system, we have developed a protection system to protect the power supply facilities from over load during long pulse operation. The protection system monitors the voltage (V) and current (I) in the power supply facilities, and calculates the parameters of V2t and I2t in real-time, where T is the pulse duration. It turns off the power supply facilities when V2t and I2t are beyond the critical values. After two development stages, we have completed the protection system using a package typed PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) which has a high expandability of multi-unit operation. Moreover, we have constructed a user-friendly system by using a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system.
Kikuchi, Katsumi; Akino, Noboru; Hanada, Masaya; Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Kamada, Masaki; Kawai, Mikito; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Noto, Katsuya; Usui, Katsutomi
JAEA-Technology 2007-027, 17 Pages, 2007/03
Voltage holding capability of the 500 kV accelerator in the JT-60 negative ion source that is one of the key issues for high performance of the JT-60 negative-ion-based NBI system was investigated. The achieved voltage holding capabilities with and without the beam acceleration were 400 kV and 455 kV, respectively. To understand a poor voltage holding capability of the negative ion source, correlation between the voltage holding capability and the light emitted inside the ion source was carefully examined. The acceleration voltage was stably applied at 400kV, where the light intensity was almost zero. Increasing the acceleration voltage beyond 400 kV, the voltage holding become very unstable where the light intensity increases in proportion to the acceleration voltage. The spectroscopy measurement showed that the light spectrum was a broad wavelength of 360 - 500 nm peaked at 420 nm. There was no line spectrum due to the gas discharge such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon. From these results, it is seemed that the origin of the light emission is a cathode luminescence from the FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic) insulator in JT-60 negative ion source due to the electron impact. Moreover, breakdown phenomena at inside and outside of the ion source were examined by using photo-multipliers with fast data acquisition system. When the breakdown occurred inside the ion source, the breakdowns sequentially occurred at the spark gap switches outside of the ion source, which protect the FRP insulator from the flashover on its surface. Once the spark gap was turned on after the breakdown inside the ion source, the breakdowns at the spark gap occurred at lower voltage than the normal set value when the high voltage was applied again after 70 ms interval. This result indicates that the voltage holding capability was limited by the spark gap switches in this operational sequence.
Usui, Katsutomi; Noto, Katsuya; Kawai, Mikito; Oga, Tokumichi*; Ikeda, Yoshitaka
JAEA-Technology 2007-024, 32 Pages, 2007/03
The JT-60 positive ion-based NBI (P-NBI) system is required to extend the pulse duration from 30 s to 100 s for JT-60SA, which is the modification of JT-60U to a fully superconducting coil tokamak. The JT-60SA NBI system will have 12 P-NBI units, each of which will inject 2 MW at 85 keV. The present power supply system is to be upgraded to operate for 100 s with minimum modification. The modification of the power supply has been studied in view of the protective characteristic and the thermal capacities of main power supply components. The design study is based on the results of the first modification of 30 s operation which was done in 2003. It has been confirmed that the long pulse operation of 100 s is possible by with partial modification of the power supply components such as enhancement of the water-cooled resistance of the acceleration power supply.
Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Umeda, Naotaka; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Grisham, L. R.*; Hanada, Masaya; Honda, Atsushi; Inoue, Takashi; Kawai, Mikito; Kazawa, Minoru; et al.
Nuclear Fusion, 46(6), p.S211 - S219, 2006/06
Times Cited Count:59 Percentile:87.04(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Recently, the extension of the pulse duration up to 30 sec has been intended to study quasi-steady state plasma on JT-60U N-NBI system. The most serious issue is to reduce the heat load on the grids for long pulse operation. Two modifications have been proposed to reduce the heat load. One is to suppress the beam spread which may be caused by beamlet-beamlet interaction in the multi-aperture grid due to the space charge force. Thin plates were attached on the extraction grid to modify the local electric field. The plate thickness was optimized to steer the beamlet deflection. The other is to reduce the stripping loss, where the electron of the negative ion beam is stripped and accelerated in the ion source and then collides with the grids. The ion source was modified to reduce the pressure in the accelerator column to suppress the beam-ion stripping loss. Up to now, long pulse injection of 17 sec for 1.6 MW and 25 sec for 1 MW has been obtained by one ion source with these modifications.
Oshima, Katsumi*; Honda, Atsushi; Okano, Fuminori; Usui, Katsutomi; Noto, Katsuya*; Muto, Hideki*; Kawai, Mikito; Oga, Tokumichi; Ikeda, Yoshitaka
Heisei-16-Nendo Osaka Daigaku Sogo Gijutsu Kenkyukai Hokokushu (CD-ROM), 4 Pages, 2005/03
no abstracts in English
Kawai, Mikito; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Grisham, L. R.*; Hanada, Masaya; Honda, Atsushi; Inoue, Takashi; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi*; Kuriyama, Masaaki; et al.
Fusion Science and Technology, 44(2), p.508 - 512, 2003/09
Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:36.71(Nuclear Science & Technology)The negative ion source for negative ion based neutral beam injector(N-NBI) of JT-60U aims at generating a negative ion beam with 500 keV and 22A for 10s. The N-NBI system was completed in 1996, followed by starting the efforts to increase beam power and energy. (1)Spatial non-uniformity of the source plasma causes position-dependent divergence of a beamlet due to mis-matching of local beam perveance. A part of the divergent energetic beams is intercepted by the grids and resultantly produce the excessive heat load of the grids and/or induce the high voltage breakdown. So several techniques to take measures against and to correct the non-uniformity in these sources were implemented. (2)Correction of beamlet deflection by adjusting the electric field at the extraction grids. It improved the beam divergence and then decreased an excessive heat load of a beam limiter by more than 50 %. As a result, the maximum injection power 6.2MW and beam pulse duration 10 seconds were obtaind.
Usui, Katsutomi; Kawai, Mikito; Ebisawa, Noboru; Kikuchi, Katsumi; Noto, Katsuya
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Noto, Katsuya; Usui, Katsutomi; Kawai, Mikito; Ikeda, Yoshitaka
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Usui, Katsutomi; Kikuchi, Katsumi; Noto, Katsuya; Endo, Yasuei; Sasaki, Shunichi; Kawai, Mikito; Hanada, Masaya
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no abstracts in English