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論文

Quantitative analysis of ionization quenching in CaF$$_2$$:Ce using PHITS track-structure simulations

平田 悠歩; 甲斐 健師; 小川 達彦; 松谷 悠佑; 佐藤 達彦; 渡辺 賢一*; 加藤 匠*; 河口 範明*; 柳田 健之*

Radiation Measurements, 193, p.107651_1 - 107651_8, 2026/04

 被引用回数:0

CaF$$_2$$:Ceは高い光刺激蛍光(OSL)強度を示すため線量計として有用であると期待されている。しかし、CaF$$_2$$:Ceなどの蛍光体に粒子線を照射すると、消光効果により蛍光体の線量当たりの発光強度が低下する。従来、蛍光体の消光効果は線エネルギー付与(LET)などを指標としたエネルギー付与密度に基づいて評価されてきた。しかし、粒子線の種類によりCaF$$_2$$:Ceにおける消光現象とLETの関係性が異なり、LETから正確に消光現象を予測することは困難であったが、放射線輸送計算コードPHITSのTrack structure機能は、放射線による相互作用を個別に追跡することが可能である。そこで、PHITSを用いて粒子線により蛍光体が発光する過程を精密に計算し、予測したCaF$$_2$$:Ceの応答を実験データと比較したところ、CaF$$_2$$:Ceの消光現象にはOSLの量子収率が重要なパラメータであることが示唆された。この成果は、蛍光体検出器のさらなる開発に貢献するものと期待される。

論文

Microdosimetric analysis of proton boron capture therapy using microdosimetric kinetic model

Rahim, A.*; 佐藤 達彦; 福田 寛*; Beni, M. S.*; 渡部 浩司*

Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express (Internet), 12(1), p.015056_1 - 015056_13, 2026/01

Proton boron fusion therapy (PBFT) aims to enhance proton therapy through $$alpha$$ particles generated by the $$p + ^{11}mathrm{B} rightarrow 3alpha$$ reaction. While early reports suggested large dose gains near the Bragg peak, later studies questioned its feasibility due to the low cross section and the need for unrealistically high boron concentrations. In this study, Monte Carlo microdosimetric analysis showed that protons dominate total dose delivery, with $$alpha$$ particles contributing only locally to high-LET deposition. The resulting RBE enhancement factors were negligible at 100-1000 ppm boron and modest ($$approx 1.13$$) only at 10,000 ppm. These findings indicate that, under clinically realistic conditions, the therapeutic benefit of PBFT is minimal.

論文

Development of Linear Interpolation System for SMK Model parameters Evaluated from Cellular-scale simulation (LISMEC) and its application to BNCT dosimetry

重平 崇文*; 渡邉 翼*; 鈴木 実*; 平田 悠歩; 小川 達彦; 藤村 篤史*; 櫻井 良憲*; 佐藤 達彦

Journal of Radiation Research (Internet), 12 Pages, 2026/00

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:0.00(Biology)

We developed LISMEC (Linear Interpolation System for Stochastic Microdosimetric Kinetic model parameters Evaluated from Cellular-scale simulation), a rapid estimation framework based on precomputed cellular-scale PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) simulations covering various cell geometries and boron distributions. By applying a linear interpolation algorithm, LISMEC enables the retrieval of SMK model parameters without the need for computationally intensive cellular-scale simulations. The utility of LISMEC, in conjunction with PHITS, was demonstrated through simulations of various irradiation scenarios in reactor-based BNCT. The results showed that Diso E values ranged from 7.4 Gy to 32.7 Gy, even under a fixed macroscopic $$^{10}$$B concentration of 60 ppm. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating microscopic distribution of $$^{10}$$B and cellular structures into BNCT treatment planning.

論文

Bridging microdosimetry and macrodosimetry; A Comparative review of computational approaches

佐藤 達彦

Journal of Radiation Protection and Research, 11 Pages, 2025/12

The practical application of microdosimetry remains limited due to computational difficulties associated with evaluating these stochastic quantities in macroscopic contexts such as the human body. To bridge the gap between microdosimetry and macrodosimetry, three approaches have been proposed and implemented: (1) direct integration of track-structure and macroscopic radiation transport codes; (2) integration of a database containing dose-mean values of microdosimetric quantities into macroscopic radiation transport codes; and (3) integration of the analytical microdosimetric function for instantaneously calculating the probability densities of microdosimetric quantities within macroscopic radiation transport codes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the conceptual and practical differences between LET and microdosimetric quantities, including their respective computational methodologies. The advantages and limitations of the three aforementioned approaches are discussed, followed by a summary of previous research efforts and suggestions for future research directions.

論文

History and current developments of RERF dosimetry

Cullings, H.*; 佐藤 達彦; 遠藤 章; 他9名*

Carcinogenesis, 46(3), p.bgaf045_1 - bgaf045_9, 2025/09

 被引用回数:2 パーセンタイル:61.10(Oncology)

Studies of the health effects among Japanese atomic bomb survivors, including radiation-induced carcinogenesis, necessitate accurate dose estimates for individual survivors from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings. Efforts towards this goal commenced shortly after the bombings in 1945, resulting in a series of dosimetry systems developed over the years. Initially, these systems were created by US military groups, followed by binational US-Japan working groups. This paper focuses on the systems created by US and binational groups, with particular emphasis on the most recent dosimetry systems: Dosimetry System 2002 (DS02) and Dosimetry System 2002 Revision 1. Furthermore, we discuss the latest advancement, the J45 phantoms, which introduces a new system of anthropomorphic phantoms for organ dose calculations and has been in development over the last few years.

論文

Equivalent relative biological effectiveness for cell survival and micronuclei formation; Insights from a biophysical approach

松谷 悠佑; 嵯峨 涼*; Wang, Y.*; 佐藤 達彦

Medical Physics, 52(10), p.e70040_1 - e70040_14, 2025/09

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.00(Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging)

放射線誘発微小核(micronuclei, MN)は染色体断片であり、近年、比較的早期に検出可能な染色体異常の定量的指標として使用されている。近年、MN形成を評価する技術は注目を集めているものの、MNの意義とそれに伴う細胞応答は未だ解明されていない。本研究では、被ばく後の細胞生存率を予測可能なintegrated microdosimetric-kinetic(IMK)モデルを拡張し、MN頻度を推定する生物物理学的モデルを提示し、MN形成に伴う細胞応答を理論的に検討した。本モデルは、修復不全による致死損傷からのMN形成確率を導入することで、線エネルギー付与や線量率に依存したMN形成頻度の予測に成功した。また、同モデルを使用した解析により、同一照射条件下では、細胞生存率とMN頻度に対する生物学的効果比は同等であることが確認された。本成果は、MNが放射線治療と放射線防護の双方において、被ばく後早期における治療効果と組織学的損傷を定量的に評価するために有用であることを示唆している。

論文

核医学治療における内部被ばく線量計算法の最近の動向; モンテカルロ法

佐藤 達彦

Radioisotopes, 74(2), p.183 - 188, 2025/07

モンテカルロ放射線挙動解析コードは、その計算精度が極めて高いため、様々な放射線治療に対する線量評価に活用されている。核医学治療分野においても、SPECT/CTやPET/CT画像をモンテカルロコードの入力ファイルに自動変換して実行し、得られた線量分布を解析するシステムの開発が世界各地で進められている。本稿では、そのシステム開発の現状について紹介するとともに、現在、我々が開発を進めているRT-PHITS (RadioTherapy package based on PHITS)の核医学関連機能について解説する。

論文

Feasibility of individual dosimetry using RT-PHITS for patients with SPECT/CT imaging after $$^{177}$$Lu-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy

三輪 建太*; 柿野 諒*; 佐藤 達彦; 古田 琢哉; 宮司 典明*; 山尾 天翔*; 山下 康輔*; 寺内 隆司*

Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 48(2), p.949 - 957, 2025/06

 被引用回数:3 パーセンタイル:80.03(Engineering, Biomedical)

RT-PHITSは、PHITSを放射線治療分野に応用するための統合パッケージで、患者のCT/SPECT画像をPHITSの入力形式に変換してその線量評価を行うことができる。本稿では、$$^{177}$$Lu-DOTATATEペプチド受容体核医学療法後のSPECT/CT画像とRT-PHITSを用いた個別線量測定の実現可能性について検討する。

論文

Impact of microdosimetric modeling on computation of relative biological effectiveness for carbon ion radiotherapy

Hartzell, S.*; Furutani, K. M.*; Parisi, A.*; 佐藤 達彦; 加瀬 優紀*; Deglow, C.*; Friedrich, T.*; Beltran, C. J.*

Radiation (Internet), 5(2), p.21_1 - 21_24, 2025/06

Microdosimetry is essential in particle therapy for understanding the biological effects of treatments by quantifying energy depositions within microscopic volumes. The calculation of the microdosimetric distributions can be carried out with physical models such as the Kiefer-Chatterjee (KC) track structure function and the Sato analytical microdosimetric function (AMF). Comprehensive comparisons across these physical models are lacking. The AMF is calculated for spherical domains, while the KC is traditionally calculated for a cylindrical domain. This study introduces a novel version of the KC function for spherical domains, allowing a direct comparison with AMF. The influence of each function on the calculation of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) was evaluated.

論文

Extending TOPAS with an analytical microdosimetric function; Application and benchmarking with nBio track structure simulations

Hartzell, S.*; Parisi, A.*; 佐藤 達彦; Beltran, C. J.*; Furutani, K. M.*

Physics in Medicine & Biology, 70(10), p.105010_1 - 105010_19, 2025/05

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:59.63(Engineering, Biomedical)

In this study, we presented the implementation of the Analytical Microdosimetric Function (AMF) within the TOPAS Monte Carlo platform as an efficient and accurate surrogate for track structure simulations. The AMF extension demonstrated strong agreement with TOPAS nBio track structure simulations for ions relevant to particle therapy and space applications, while offering significant computational advantages.

論文

Development of a chemical code applicable to ions based on the PHITS code for efficient and visual radiolysis simulations

松谷 悠佑; 吉井 勇治*; 楠本 多聞*; 小川 達彦; 大西 世紀*; 平田 悠歩; 佐藤 達彦; 甲斐 健師

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 27(14), p.6887 - 6898, 2025/04

 被引用回数:3 パーセンタイル:86.40(Chemistry, Physical)

水の放射線分解により生成されるラジカルは、DNA損傷誘発、染色体異常、発がんなど、放射線による生物影響の評価において重要な役割を果たす。粒子および重イオン輸送コードシステム(PHITS)では、あらゆる荷電粒子について水中の原子相互作用を推定できる飛跡構造解析モードと、ラジカルをシミュレート可能な電子線専用の化学コード(PHITS-Chem)が先行研究にて開発された。本研究では、あらゆるイオンビームに適用可能なPHITS-Chemコードを開発すると同時に、化学種間の反応をより効率的に検出する空間分割法や化学種の4次元可視化機能を整備した。更新されたPHITS-Chemコードは、文献にて報告される陽子線、$$alpha$$粒子線、炭素イオン線のG値と比較することにより検証され、PHITSオリジナル3次元描画ソフトPHIG-3Dによりラジカルの拡散動態を直感的に評価することに成功した。また、空間分割法の導入により、計算精度を維持しながら計算時間を大幅に短縮(約28倍高速化)することにも成功した。開発したPHITS-Chemコードは、粒子線治療においてラジカルにより誘発される生物効果の正確かつ直感的な理解に貢献することが期待される。

論文

Establishment of a practical methodology for evaluating equieffective dose of individual patients based on RT-PHITS

佐藤 達彦; 古田 琢哉; 佐々木 秀隆*; 渡部 直史*

EJNMMI Physics (Internet), 12, p.28_1 - 28_16, 2025/03

 被引用回数:2 パーセンタイル:59.63(Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging)

The RadioTherapy package based on PHITS (RT-PHITS) is one of the individual dosimetry systems applicable to both targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) and external radiotherapy. This study aims to establish a practical methodology for evaluating both absorbed doses and equieffective doses (EQDX) by improving RT-PHITS.

論文

Calculations of mean quality factors and their implications for organ-specific Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) in analysis of radiation-related risk in the atomic bomb survivors

清水 翔太*; 佐藤 達彦; 遠藤 章; 他5名*

Radiation Research, 203(3), p.155 - 162, 2025/03

 被引用回数:2 パーセンタイル:80.03(Biology)

We calculate the mean quality factor based on LET distributions for representative organs and exposure scenarios of A-bomb survivors using PHITS simulations and the Q(L) relationship defined by ICRP, as well as the QF function defined by NASA. We also investigate the depth dependence of the mean quality factors in the ICRU sphere irradiated by mono-energetic neutrons. Both the results from the human phantom and from the ICRU sphere phantom suggest that the mean quality factors are largely independent of the organ type, and independent of depth, city and ground range when the contributions from the secondary gamma-rays are excluded from the neutron doses.

論文

Relationships between protection and operational dosimetric quantities for external exposure to natural background radiation

Ulanowski, A.*; 佐藤 達彦; Petoussi-Henss, N.*; Balonov, M.*

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 64(1), p.105 - 115, 2025/03

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:59.63(Biology)

Protection and operational dosimetric quantities for human external exposure have been compared for situations of outdoor exposure to natural background radiation represented by gamma radiation of primordial and cosmogenic radionuclides and by radiations produced by the galactic cosmic rays in the earth atmosphere. Calculations were performed using the data from publications of ICRU and ICRP for global geographical grid of marine and terrestrial locations. Using modelled fluence spectra of natural cosmogenic and terrestrial background radiation, the ratios of the protection to operational quantities were calculated, demonstrating the effect of high-LET neutron component on the ratios of effective dose to absorbed dose or kerma in air. The influence of the neutron component was found to be stronger for high-altitude terrestrial locations and for terrestrial and marine locations at higher geographic latitudes. The computed ratios can be used for interpretation of the measured ambient dose rate data and calculation of effective doses in radiological protection tasks or assessment of public exposure to natural and anthropogenic sources of radiation.

論文

The Impact of ENSO on near-surface Beryllium-7

Schaar, K.*; Spiegl, T.*; 佐藤 達彦; Langematz, U.*

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 282, p.107592_1 - 107592_14, 2025/02

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:10.15(Environmental Sciences)

The concentration of near-surface Beryllium-7 contains valuable information about the atmosphere, e.g., the tropospheric circulation, precipitation pattern or specific atmospheric phenomena, like the El Nino southern oscillation. Here, we modelled the transport and deposition of Beryllium-7 from galactic cosmic rays for 1850-2100, using the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry climate model, and analyzed the variability of near-surface Beryllium-7 due to the El Nino southern oscillation. We find that our simulated Beryllium-7 time series agree well with Beryllium-7 measurements from the international monitoring system of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization.

論文

The History and perspective on quality factors proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)

佐藤 達彦

Life Sciences in Space Research, 8 Pages, 2025/00

Proper consideration of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is essential for evaluating health risks from cosmic radiation exposure, which spans a wide range of linear energy transfer (LET). The quality factor as a function of LET, $$Q(L)$$, proposed and refined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), remains central to these assessments despite the primary use of radiation weighting factors in terrestrial protection frameworks. This article reviews the historical development of the $$Q(L)$$ function and examines the adequacy of its application to cancer risk estimation. To this end, we first confirm its numerical consistency with a more sophisticated quality factor proposed by NASA through a comprehensive literature review. We then evaluate the appropriateness of the maximum value of $$Q(L)$$, using a meta-analysis of RBE data for mouse tumor induction by fission neutrons. Finally, we discuss future perspectives on $$Q(L)$$, emphasizing its strong relevance to measurements not only in space dosimetry but also in medical physics.

論文

Inter-institutional variability in kidney dosimetry during $$^{177}$$Lu-DOTATATE therapy in Japan

宮司 典明*; 三輪 建太*; 佐藤 達彦; 他25名*

Radiological Physics and Technology, 11 Pages, 2025/00

This study evaluated inter-institutional variability in kidney dosimetry using common $$^{177}$$Lu-SPECT/CT datasets from the SNMMI Dosimetry Challenge. Ten Japanese centers calculated kidney volumes and absorbed doses with various organ- and voxel-based software. Manual VOI contouring caused large variability (CV up to 16.9%), reduced to 7.4% using common VOIs. Voxel-based dosimetry yielded higher doses but reduced variability, highlighting the need for algorithm standardization to ensure reliable $$^{177}$$Lu-DOTATATE kidney dosimetry in Japan.

論文

Development of a forward Monte Carlo based weight-window generator using the history-counter function in PHITS

佐藤 達彦; 橋本 慎太郎; M$'a$rquez Dami$'a$n, J. I.*; 仁井田 浩二*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 557, p.165535_1 - 165535_8, 2024/12

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.00(Instruments & Instrumentation)

Appropriate use of the variance reduction techniques such as weight-windows are indispensable for effectively designing the radiation shielding based on the Monte Carlo simulation. In this study, we developed a new algorithm of weight-window generator (WWG) relying solely on forward Monte Carlo simulation and implemented it into the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS). Our new algorithm leverages a PHITS-specific function called the "history counter", which serves as an event logger that can be arbitrarily defined by users. The performance of the new WWG was investigated by conducting benchmark simulations for both idealized and practical shielding calculations. The results of the benchmark simulations suggested that our new algorithm can reduce the computational time by up to an order of magnitude, though it becomes less beneficial when no apparent pathway for particles arriving in the tally regions is observed in generating the weight window values. With this new feature, PHITS has become further suitable for the shielding calculations against high-energy radiations even when their evaluated cross-section data are unavailable.

論文

Overview of PHITS Ver.3.34 with particular focus on track-structure calculation

小川 達彦; 平田 悠歩; 松谷 悠佑; 甲斐 健師; 佐藤 達彦; 岩元 洋介; 橋本 慎太郎; 古田 琢哉; 安部 晋一郎; 松田 規宏; et al.

EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies (Internet), 10, p.13_1 - 13_8, 2024/11

放射線挙動解析コードPHITSは、モンテカルロ法に基づいてほぼ全ての放射線の挙動を解析することができる放射線挙動解析計算コードである。その最新版であるPHITS version 3.34の、飛跡構造解析機能に焦点を置いて説明する。飛跡構造解析とは、荷電粒子が物質中を運動する挙動を計算する手法の一つで、個々の原子反応を識別することにより原子スケールでの追跡を可能にするものである。従来の飛跡構造解析モデルは生体を模擬する水だけにしか適用できず、遺伝子への放射線損傷を解析するツールとして使われてきた飛跡構造解析であるが、PHITSにおいてはPHITS-ETS、PHITS-ETS for Si、PHITS-KURBUC、ETSART、ITSARという飛跡構造解析モデルが補い合うことにより、生体の放射線影響だけでなく、半導体や材料物質など任意物質に対する適用が可能になっている。実際にこれらのモデルを使って、放射線によるDNA損傷予測、半導体のキャリア生成エネルギー計算、DPAの空間配置予測など、新しい解析研究も発表されており、飛跡構造解析を基礎とするボトムアップ型の放射線影響研究の推進に重要な役割を果たすことが期待できる。

論文

宇宙居住に向けた宇宙放射線被ばく防災対策

佐藤 達彦

建築防災, (562), p.16 - 19, 2024/11

巨大な太陽フレアが発生すると、太陽風のみならず高いエネルギーを持つ陽子などの宇宙放射線が発生し、宇宙飛行士や航空機乗務員の被ばくを引き起こす。本稿では、この宇宙放射線被ばく問題に関して、その基礎知識や将来的な防災対策について解説する。

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