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大石 一城*; 五十嵐 大輔*; 多々良 涼一*; 河村 幸彦*; 廣井 孝介; 鈴木 淳市*; 梅垣 いづみ*; 西村 昇一郎*; 幸田 章宏*; 駒場 慎一*; et al.
Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 2462, p.012048_1 - 012048_5, 2023/03
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.21(Physics, Applied)Hard carbon is the most common anode material for Na-ion battery. The structure of the hard carbon and the dynamics of Na-ion in hard carbon were studied with small- and wide- angle neutron scattering and muon spin relaxation technique. The neutron scattering revealed the increase of interlayer distance between graphenes and decrease of the size of nanopores with increasing sodium intercalation in hard carbon. The muon spin relaxation revealed that a systematic increase in the field fluctuation rate with increasing temperature evidenced a thermally activated sodium diffusion. Assuming the two-dimensional diffusion of Na-ion in the graphene layers, the self-diffusion coefficient of Na-ion was estimated to be 2.6
10
cm
/s at 310 K, with a thermal activation energy of 39(7) meV.
南上 光太郎; 石川 淳; 杉山 智之; Pellegrini, M.*; 岡本 孝司*
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 59(11), p.1407 - 1416, 2022/11
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：90.45(Nuclear Science & Technology)To appropriately evaluate the amount of radioactive iodine released into the environment, we extended the current pool scrubbing model to consider revolatilization at bubble surfaces due to bubbly flow generated in the suppression pool, and the effect of revolatilization by bubbly flow was quantitatively evaluated using a station black out sequence in this work. Gaseous iodine species are produced in the suppression pool in an accident. They are gradually released from the pool surface, but when a large amount of gas flows from the drywell into the suppression pool, the revolatilization of gaseous iodine dissolved in the pool water is promoted by bubbly flow. The results of this study indicated that the release amount of iodine immediately after suppression chamber (S/C) vent operation increased by up to 134 times when considering the revolatilization effect associated with bubbly flow. These results were due to the increase in the gas-liquid interfacial area at bubble surfaces and the overall mass transfer coefficients under two-phase flow conditions due to bubbly flow. It was shown that caution is required for early S/C vent operation.
山下 恵史朗*; 小松 一生*; Klotz, S.*; Fabelo, O.*; Fern
ndez-D
az, M. T.*; 阿部 淳*; 町田 真一*; 服部 高典; 入舩 徹男*; 新名 亨*; et al.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(40), p.e2208717119_1 - e2208717119_6, 2022/10
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：20.4(Multidisciplinary Sciences)氷の多形体は、圧力や温度により驚くほど多様な構造を示す。水素結合の乱れは、その構造多様性の重要な要因であるだけでなく、その物性をも支配している。しかし、観測可能な逆格子空間が限られていることや、高圧下で測定されたデータの不確かさにより、高圧下において氷多形体の乱れた構造を明らかにすることは困難であった。今回、単結晶および粉末中性子回折の両方を用いて、2.2GPa, 298Kにおいて主要な高圧氷である氷VIIの乱れた構造を初めて明らかにした。最大エントロピー法を用いることにより3次元的な原子分布を導くことに成功し、水素がこれまで言われていた離散的なサイトではなく、リング状に分布をしていることを発見した。また、274Kでの全散乱実験により、氷VIIの水素秩序相である氷VIIIとは、同じ分子構造を持つにもかかわらず、その分子間構造が異なることを明らかにした。今回の単結晶と粉末回折の相補的な構造解析によって、氷VIIのユニークな無秩序構造が明確に示された。今回の発見は、圧力によって大きく変化するプロトンダイナミクスと関連しており、圧力下における氷VIIの異常な物性の構造的な起源を理解することに役立つと考えられる。
小松 遊矢*; 清水 亮太*; 佐藤 龍平*; Wilde, M.*; 西尾 和記*; 片瀬 貴義*; 松村 大樹; 齋藤 寛之*; 宮内 雅浩*; Adelman, J. R.*; et al.
Chemistry of Materials, 34(8), p.3616 - 3623, 2022/04
被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：76.65(Chemistry, Physical)Here, we demonstrate such a highly repeatable photoinduced insulator-to-metal transition in yttrium oxyhydride (YO
H
) epitaxial thin films. The temperature (
) dependence of the electrical resistivity (
) of the films transforms from insulating to metallic (
) under ultraviolet laser illumination. The sample is heated (125 
C) under an Ar atmosphere to recover its original insulating state. The films recover their original metallic conductivity when subsequently subjected to ultraviolet laser illumination, showing repeatable photoinduced insulator-to-metal transition. First principles calculations show that the itinerant carriers originate from the variations in the charge states of the hydrogen atoms that occupy octahedral interstitial sites. This study indicates that tuning the site occupancy (octahedral/tetrahedral) of the hydrogen atoms exerts a significant effect on the photoresponse of metal hydrides.
studied with high-pressure 
SR杉山 純; 髭本 亘; Andreica, D.*; Forslund, O. K.*; Nocerino, E.*; M
nsson, M.*; Sassa, Y.*; Gupta, R.*; Khasanov, R.*; 太田 寛人*; et al.
Physical Review B, 103(10), p.104418_1 - 104418_10, 2021/03
被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：60.77(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)疑一次元物質BaVSeの常圧および高圧下の磁性研究をミュオンスピン緩和測定により行った。常圧では準静的な強磁性状態の出現によるミュオンスピンのゼロ磁場振動がキュリー温度以下で観測された。圧力を印可すると1.5GPaまではキュリー温度の減少が、それより高圧側では急激な上昇がみれらた。この結果および
軸方向への強磁性相関を考慮し、高圧下では
面内に2つの磁気相関があることが明らかにされた。
久保 光太郎; Zheng, X.; 石川 淳; 杉山 智之; Jang, S.*; 高田 孝*; 山口 彰*
Proceedings of Asian Symposium on Risk Assessment and Management 2020 (ASRAM 2020) (Internet), 11 Pages, 2020/11
動的確率論的リスク評価(PRA)は、従来のPRAよりも現実的で詳細な解析を可能とする。しかし、これらの改善とトレードオフの関係にあるのは、多数の熱水力解析を行うことに伴う膨大な計算コストである。本研究では、機械学習に基づいて、熱水力解析を省略することでこの計算コストを削減することを目指した。機械学習には、サポートベクターマシンを選択し、その構築には高忠実度・高コストの詳細モデルと、低忠実度・低コストの簡易モデルを用いた。その結果、今回仮定した条件においては、精度を大幅に低下させることなく計算コストを約80%削減することができた。
玉置 等史; 石川 淳; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結
Proceedings of 18th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-18) (USB Flash Drive), p.72 - 82, 2019/08
原子力機構では、BSAF2計画に参加し、THALES2/KICHEコードを用いた福島第一原子力発電所の事故解析結果を提供した。THALES2/KICHEコードの重要な特徴の一つとして、液相における速度論に基づくヨウ素化学をモデル化している。本報告では、BSAF2計画における共通の境界条件や仮定に加え、格納容器の破損として、ベント弁が完全に閉まらなかったために引き起こされるベントラインからの継続的な漏洩をモデル化した1号機の3週間にわたる解析結果について紹介する。本仮定に基づく解析では、原子炉冷却系や格納容器の圧力履歴を再現できており、解析期間の3週間で環境に放出されたヨウ素及びセシウムの初期インベントリに対する割合は、各々約6%及び約1%であった。
玉置 等史; 石川 淳; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結
Proceedings of 18th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-18) (USB Flash Drive), p.100 - 111, 2019/08
JAEAでは、BSAF2計画に参加し、THALES2/KICHEコードを用いた福島第一原子力発電所の事故解析結果を提供した。THALES2/KICHEコードの重要な特徴の一つとして、液相における速度論に基づくヨウ素化学をモデル化している。本報告では、BSAF2計画における共通の境界条件や仮定に基づいた3週間にわたる2号機の解析結果、特にBSAF2計画では、2号機の事故進展に関し、3月14日の20時から15日2時の間に観測された3つの圧力容器内圧力ピークの生じた理由に着目しており、この時期の事故進展挙動を含め紹介する。また、本解析では、圧力抑制室の下部に破損を仮定し、水の漏洩を含め、格納容器圧力挙動を再現した。解析期間の3週間で環境に放出されたヨウ素及びセシウムの初期インベントリに対する割合は、各々約3%及び約0.1%であった。
石川 淳; 玉置 等史; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結
Proceedings of 18th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-18) (USB Flash Drive), p.536 - 547, 2019/08
Japan Atomic Energy Agency is pursuing the development and application of the integrated severe accident analysis code, THALES2/KICHE for analysis of severe accident progression and source term. The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (NPS) from units 1 to 3 were analyzed using THALES2/KICHE code for better understanding of the accident in the OECD/NEA BSAF2 project. This paper describes three week analysis for the accident at unit 3. The leakage through the drywell head flange and an equipment hutch was assumed in order to reproduce the tendency of drywell pressure history in addition to the intermittent activation of the containment vessel venting system via the suppression chamber. As for the source term analysis, the dominant chemical forms for cesium and iodine were assumed to be cesium iodine (CsI) and cesium molibdate (Cs
MoO
) based on the insights of the PHEBUS/FP experiments. The iodine chemical reaction kinetics in the containment aqueous phase, which were associated with the production of molecular iodine and organic iodide, were taken into consideration in the present analysis. The released iodine and cesium within three weeks after the earthquake were predicted to be approximately 3% and 6% of the initial inventory, respectively.
塩津 弘之; 伊藤 裕人*; 石川 淳; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結
Proceedings of 11th Korea-Japan Symposium on Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics and Safety (NTHAS-11) (Internet), 6 Pages, 2018/11
The VERDON-2 experiment for FPs transport in steam environment was analyzed with the mechanistic FPs transport code incorporating thermodynamic chemical equilibrium model in order to assess its predictive capability for transport behavior of key FPs, especially for highly volatile FPs such as Cs and I. The present analysis reproduced well the Cs deposition profile obtained from the experiment, which revealed that Cs was transported as CsOH in early phase of FP release from fuel, and then formed CsMoO after increasing Mo release. On the other hand, the deposition peak of I was predicted to appear at 720 K, which was significantly higher than the experimental result at 600 K. This discrepancy was potentially caused by the following two points: lack of the other stable species in thermodynamics database for thermodynamic chemical equilibrium model, or failure of chemical equilibrium assumption for iodide species.
玉置 等史; 石川 淳; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結
Proceedings of Asian Symposium on Risk Assessment and Management 2018 (ASRAM 2018) (USB Flash Drive), 6 Pages, 2018/10
福島第一原子力発電所で生じた事故では、津波を原因とした電源喪失により、炉心損傷及び格納容器の損傷に至り核分裂性物質が環境に放出された。事故時に計測されたデータ及び事故進展解析、また、事故を起こしたプラントの建屋及び格納容器内部の調査により、事故進展の理解は進んでいる。一方でプラント内事故進展解析と放出された放射性物質の拡散解析の連携解析を行っている例は多くはない。原子力機構では、シビアアクシデント解析と確率論的事故影響評価との連携解析を計画している。この連携解析では、多くの不確かな要因による幅広い不確かさ幅が予想される。この連携解析を効率的に行うため、事故を起こしたプラントのうち、はじめに環境へのFP放出があった1号機を対象に、格納容器の破損箇所及び漏えい面積について、原子力機構で開発しているTHALES2/KICHEを用いた感度解析を行った。想定する格納容器の破損個所は、ヘッドフランジ、ペネトレーションシール及び真空破壊弁配管とした。これに加え、ベント弁の一部開を想定した解析結果も含め、報告する。
石川 淳; Zheng, X.; 塩津 弘之; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結
Proceedings of Asian Symposium on Risk Assessment and Management 2018 (ASRAM 2018) (USB Flash Drive), 6 Pages, 2018/10
Japan Atomic Energy Agency is pursuing the development and application of the methodologies on fission product (FP) chemistry for source term analysis by using integrated severe accident analysis code THALES2/KICHE. Generally, specific chemical forms of iodine and cesium such as cesium iodide (CsI) and cesium hydroxide (CsOH) were assumed in the source term analysis for light water reactors using an integrated severe accident analysis code. The accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station leads possible chemical effects of BC control materials and atmosphere on chemical speciation of iodine and cesium such as cesium metaborate (CsBO) and hydrogen iodide (HI). The difference of chemical speciation affects not only the FP behavior in the reactor coolant system (RCS) and transport to containment but also pH value of the suppression pool water in the containment. The pH value is one of the influential factors on the release of gaseous iodine (I and organic iodine) from containment liquid phase. In the present study, the improvement of the THALES2/KICHE code in terms of FP chemistry in RCS was performed and applied to source term analysis for severe accidents at a boil water reactor with Mark-I containment vessel. This paper discusses the chemical speciation of iodine and cesium, and FP behavior and transport to containment.
Zheng, X.; 玉置 等史; 石川 淳; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結
Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management (PSAM-14) (USB Flash Drive), 10 Pages, 2018/09
Several types of uncertainties exist during the simulation of a severe accident. These may result from incomplete knowledge about the plant systems, accident progression and oversimplified numerical models. Among them, parameter uncertainty can be treated via Monte-Carlo-sampling-based methods. To tackle the severe accident scenario uncertainty, we must resort to advanced dynamic probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methods. In this paper, authors reviewed the previous dynamic PRA methods and tools, and then performed a preliminary scenario uncertainty analysis, by using an integrated SA code (THALES2) and a scenario generator (RAPID, risk assessment with plant interactive dynamics), both being developed at JAEA. THALES2 is a fast-running severe accident code for the simulation of severe accident progression and source term in light water reactors. Typical scenarios of station-blackout (SBO)-initiated accidents in boiling water reactors are generated and simulated. The dynamic event tree (DET) method is applied to consider the stochastic uncertainties during the scenario progression. Major groups of SBO sequences with the similar accident characteristics can be found. To provide a reference value for risk, a conditional core damage frequency is calculated accordingly. This is a preliminary analysis for severe accident scenario uncertainty quantification at JAEA, and further DPRA researches are in progress.
杉山 純*; 梅垣 いづみ*; 野崎 洋*; 髭本 亘; 濱田 幸司*; 竹下 聡史*; 幸田 章宏*; 下村 浩一郎*; 二宮 和彦*; 久保 謙哉*
Physical Review Letters, 121(8), p.087202_1 - 087202_5, 2018/08
被引用回数：18 パーセンタイル：74.14(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Using an intense negative muon source, we have studied the internal magnetic fields in a powder sample of magnesium hydride. By extracting the signal from the negative muon captured on Mg nuclei, we found that the negative muon spin rotation and relaxation spectra clearly showed a Kubo-Toyabe type relaxation, which indicates a random magnetic field at the Mg site. The field distribution width obtained is very consistent with the predicted value at the Mg site estimated by dipole field calculations, supporting our claim to have observed the nuclear magnetic fields of hydrogens in magnesium hydride.
塩津 弘之; 石川 淳; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 55(4), p.363 - 373, 2018/04
被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：52.24(Nuclear Science & Technology)The influences of chemical speciation for Cs-I-Te-Mo-Sn-B-C-O-H system, simulating a state in the reactor cooling system (RCS) of BWR, on pH of the suppression chamber (S/C) water pool were analytically investigated with PHREEQC code. Major conditions were chosen on the basis of the outputs from a BWR severe accident analysis by THALES2 code and chemical thermodynamic analysis with VICTORIA2.0 code. The chemical thermodynamic analysis showed that the chemical speciation of important volatile FPs, Cs and I, was strongly influenced by Mo and BC control material. As a consequence, pH of the S/C water pool was predicted to range from approximately 6 to 10, depending on the fraction of volatile FPs transported from the RCS to the S/C water pool and the H/HO ratio associated with the oxygen potential. It was implied that the formation of volatile I species such as I in the S/C water pool was larger by 3 orders at the lowest pH than that at the highest pH.
C/steel interaction and oxidation during severe accidents石川 淳; 塩津 弘之; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結
Proceedings of 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-25) (CD-ROM), 7 Pages, 2017/07
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is pursuing the development and application of the methodologies on fission product (FP) chemistry for source term analysis by using the integrated severe accident analysis code THALES2. In the present study, models for the eutectic interaction of boron carbide (BC) with steel and the BC oxidation were incorporated into THALES2 code and applied to the source term analyses for a boiling water reactor (BWR) with Mark-I containment vessel (CV). Two severe accident sequences with drywell (D/W) failure by overpressure initiated by loss of core coolant injection (TQUV sequence) and long-term station blackout (TB sequence) were selected as representative sequences. The analyses indicated that a much larger amount of species from the BC oxidation was produced in TB sequence than TQUV sequence. More than a half of carbon dioxide (CO) produced by the BC oxidation was predicted to dissolve into the water pool of the suppression chamber (S/C), which could largely influence pH of the water pool and consequent formation and release of volatile iodine species.
大場 洋次郎*; 諸岡 聡; 大石 一城*; 鈴木 淳市*; 高田 慎一; 佐藤 信浩*; 井上 倫太郎*; 土山 聡宏*; Gilbert, E. P.*; 杉山 正明*
Journal of Applied Crystallography, 50(2), p.334 - 339, 2017/04
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：29.18(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)Recent progress of pulsed neutron sources has enabled energy-resolved analysis of neutron attenuation spectra, which include information on neutron scattering. In this study, a new analysis technique for small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is demonstrated. A clear difference is observed in the neutron attenuation spectra between steels with different nanostructures; this difference can be understood as arising from attenuation due to SANS. The neutron attenuation spectra, calculated from the corresponding SANS profiles, agree well with the experimentally observed attenuation spectra. This result indicates that measurement of neutron attenuation spectra may enable the development of a novel experimental technique, i.e. energy-resolved SANS (ESANS).
Zheng, X.; 石川 淳; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結
Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 49(2), p.434 - 441, 2017/03
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：36.71(Nuclear Science & Technology)Containment venting is one of essential measures to protect the integrity of the final barrier of a nuclear reactor during severe accidents, by which the uncontrollable release of fission products can be avoided. The authors seek to develop an optimization approach, from a simulation-based perspective, to the venting operations by using an integrated severe accident code, THALES2/KICHE. The effectiveness of containment venting strategies needs to be verified via numerical simulations based on various settings of venting conditions. The number of iterations, however, needs to be controlled for cumbersome computational burden of integrated codes. Bayesian optimization is an efficient global optimization approach. By using Gaussian process regression, a surrogate model of the "black-box" code is constructed. It can be updated simultaneously whenever new simulation results are acquired. With predictions via the surrogate model, upcoming locations of the most probable optimum can be revealed. The sampling procedure is adaptive. The number of code queries is largely reduced for the optimum finding, compared with pure random searches. One typical severe accident scenario of a boiling water reactor is chosen as an example. The research demonstrates the applicability of the Bayesian optimization approach to the design and establishment of containment-venting strategies during severe accidents.
大場 洋次郎*; 諸岡 聡; 大石 一城*; 佐藤 信浩*; 井上 倫太郎*; 足立 望*; 鈴木 淳市*; 土山 聡宏*; Gilbert, E. P.*; 杉山 正明*
Journal of Applied Crystallography, 49(5), p.1659 - 1664, 2016/10
被引用回数：13 パーセンタイル：66.38(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)Pulsed neutron sources enable the simultaneous measurement of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and Bragg edge transmission. This simultaneous measurement is useful for microstructural characterization in steel. Since most steels are ferromagnetic, magnetic scattering contributions should be considered in both SANS and Bragg edge transmission analyses. An expression for the magnetic scattering contribution to Bragg edge transmission analysis has been derived. The analysis using this expression was applied to Cu steel. The ferrite crystallite size estimated from this Bragg edge transmission analysis with the magnetic scattering contribution was larger than that estimated using conventional expressions. This result indicates that magnetic scattering has to be taken into account for quantitative Bragg edge transmission analysis. In the SANS analysis, the ratio of magnetic to nuclear scattering contributions revealed that the precipitates consist of body-centered cubic Cu
Fe
and pure Cu, which probably has 9R structure including elastic strain and vacancies. These results show that effective use of the magnetic scattering contribution allows detailed analyses of steel microstructure.
Zheng, X.; 石川 淳; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結
Proceedings of 13th Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference (PSAM-13) (USB Flash Drive), 10 Pages, 2016/10
Containment venting is one of essential measures to protect the integrity of the final barrier of a nuclear reactor, by which the uncontrollable release of fission products can be avoided. The authors seek to develop an optimization approach to the planning of containment-venting operations by using THALES2/KICHE. Factors that control the activation of the venting system, for example, containment pressure, amount of fission products within the containment and pH value in the suppression chamber water pool, will affect radiological consequences. The effectiveness of containment venting strategies needs to be confirmed through numerical simulations. The number of iterations, however, needs to be controlled for cumbersome computational burden of severe accident codes. Bayesian optimization is a computationally efficient global optimization approach to find desired solutions. With the use of Gaussian process regression, a surrogate model of the "black-box" code is constructed. According to the predictions through the surrogate model, the upcoming location of the most probable optimum can be revealed. The number of code queries is largely reduced for the optimum finding, compared with simpler methods such as pure random search. The research demonstrates the applicability of the Bayesian optimization approach to the design and establishment of containment-venting strategies under BWR severe accident conditions.
