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JAEA Reports

Analysis of deposits inside the reactor at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in JFY2021; The Subsidy program of "Project of Decommissioning and Contaminated Water Management (Development of Analysis and Estimation Technology for Characterization of Fuel Debris)" starting FY2021

Ikeuchi, Hirotomo; Sasaki, Shinji; Onishi, Takashi; Nakayoshi, Akira; Arai, Yoichi; Sato, Takumi; Ohgi, Hiroshi; Sekio, Yoshihiro; Yamaguchi, Yukako; Morishita, Kazuki; et al.

JAEA-Data/Code 2023-005, 418 Pages, 2023/12

JAEA-Data-Code-2023-005-01.pdf:24.59MB
JAEA-Data-Code-2023-005-02.pdf:32.18MB

For safe and steady decommissioning of Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings' Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), information concerning composition and physical/chemical properties of fuel debris generated in the reactors should be estimated and provided to other projects conducting the decommissioning work including the retrieval of fuel debris and the subsequent storage. For this purpose, in FY2021, samples of contaminants (the wiped smear samples and the deposits) obtained through the internal investigation of the 1F Unit 2 were analyzed to clarify the components and to characterize the micro-particles containing uranium originated from fuel (U-bearing particles) in detail. This report summarized the results of analyses performed in FY2021, including the microscopic analysis by SEM and TEM, radiation analysis, and elemental analysis by ICP-MS, as a database for evaluating the main features of each sample and the probable formation mechanism of the U-bearing particles.

Journal Articles

High-sensitive XANES analysis at Ce L$$_{2}$$-edge for Ce in bauxites using transition-edge sensors; Implications for Ti-rich geological samples

Li, W.*; Yamada, Shinya*; Hashimoto, Tadashi; Okumura, Takuma*; Hayakawa, Ryota*; Nitta, Kiyofumi*; Sekizawa, Oki*; Suga, Hiroki*; Uruga, Tomoya*; Ichinohe, Yuto*; et al.

Analytica Chimica Acta, 1240, p.340755_1 - 340755_9, 2023/02

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:34.31(Chemistry, Analytical)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Comprehensive exposure assessments from the viewpoint of health in a unique high natural background radiation area, Mamuju, Indonesia

Nugraha, E. D.*; Hosoda, Masahiro*; Kusdiana*; Untara*; Mellawati, J.*; Nurokhim*; Tamakuma, Yuki*; Ikram, A.*; Syaifudin, M.*; Yamada, Ryohei; et al.

Scientific Reports (Internet), 11(1), p.14578_1 - 14578_16, 2021/07

 Times Cited Count:17 Percentile:84.99(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Mamuju is one of the regions in Indonesia which retains natural conditions but has relatively high exposure to natural radiation. The goals of the present study were to characterize exposure of the entire Mamuju region as a high natural background radiation area (HNBRA) and to assess the existing exposure as a means for radiation protection of the public and the environment. A cross-sectional study method was used with cluster sampling areas by measuring all parameters that contribute to external and internal radiation exposures. It was determined that Mamuju was a unique HNBRA with the annual effective dose between 17 and 115 mSv, with an average of 32 mSv. The lifetime cumulative dose calculation suggested that Mamuju residents could receive as much as 2.2 Sv on average which is much higher than the average dose of atomic bomb survivors for which risks of cancer and non-cancer diseases are demonstrated. The study results are new scientific data allowing better understanding of health effects related to chronic low-dose-rate radiation exposure and they can be used as the main input in a future epidemiology study.

Journal Articles

Discriminative measurement of absorbed dose rates in air from natural and artificial radionuclides in Namie Town, Fukushima Prefecture

Ogura, Koya*; Hosoda, Masahiro*; Tamakuma, Yuki*; Suzuki, Takahito*; Yamada, Ryohei; Negemi, Ryoju*; Tsujiguchi, Takakiyo*; Yamaguchi, Masaru*; Shiroma, Yoshitaka*; Iwaoka, Kazuki*; et al.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), p.978_1 - 978_16, 2021/02

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:70.28(Environmental Sciences)

Journal Articles

Development and operation of an electrostatic time-of-flight detector for the Rare RI storage Ring

Nagae, Daisuke*; Abe, Yasushi*; Okada, Shunsuke*; Omika, Shuichiro*; Wakayama, Kiyoshi*; Hosoi, Shun*; Suzuki, Shinji*; Moriguchi, Tetsuro*; Amano, Masamichi*; Kamioka, Daiki*; et al.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 986, p.164713_1 - 164713_7, 2021/01

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:66.98(Instruments & Instrumentation)

Journal Articles

A Unique high natural background radiation area; Dose assessment and perspectives

Hosoda, Masahiro*; Nugraha, E. D.*; Akata, Naofumi*; Yamada, Ryohei; Tamakuma, Yuki*; Sasaki, Michiya*; Kelleher, K.*; Yoshinaga, Shinji*; Suzuki, Takahito*; Rattanapongs, C. P.*; et al.

Science of the Total Environment, 750, p.142346_1 - 142346_11, 2021/01

 Times Cited Count:20 Percentile:87.03(Environmental Sciences)

The biological effects of low dose-rate radiation exposures on humans remains unknown. In fact, the Japanese nation still struggles with this issue after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Recently, we have found a unique area in Indonesia where naturally high radiation levels are present, resulting in chronic low dose-rate radiation exposures. We aimed to estimate the comprehensive dose due to internal and external exposures at the particularly high natural radiation area, and to discuss the enhancement mechanism of radon. A car-borne survey was conducted to estimate the external doses from terrestrial radiation. Indoor radon measurements were made in 47 dwellings over three to five months, covering the two typical seasons, to estimate the internal doses. Atmospheric radon gases were simultaneously collected at several heights to evaluate the vertical distribution. The absorbed dose rates in air in the study area vary widely between 50 nGy h$$^{-1}$$ and 1109 nGy h$$^{-1}$$. Indoor radon concentrations ranged from 124 Bq m$$^{-3}$$ to 1015 Bq m$$^{-3}$$. That is, the indoor radon concentrations measured exceed the reference levels of 100 Bq m$$^{-3}$$ recommended by the World Health Organization. Furthermore, the outdoor radon concentrations measured were comparable to the high indoor radon concentrations. The annual effective dose due to external and internal exposures in the study area was estimated to be 27 mSv using the median values. It was found that many residents are receiving radiation exposure from natural radionuclides over the dose limit for occupational exposure to radiation workers. This enhanced outdoor radon concentration might be as a result of the stable atmospheric conditions generated at an exceptionally low altitude. Our findings suggest that this area provides a unique opportunity to conduct an epidemiological study related to health effects due to chronic low dose-rate radiation exposure.

Journal Articles

Cesium concentrations in various environmental media at Namie, Fukushima

Heged$"u$s, M.*; Shiroma, Yoshitaka*; Iwaoka, Kazuki*; Hosoda, Masahiro*; Suzuki, Takahito*; Tamakuma, Yuki*; Yamada, Ryohei; Tsujiguchi, Takakiyo*; Yamaguchi, Masaru*; Ogura, Koya*; et al.

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 323(1), p.197 - 204, 2020/01

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:32.21(Chemistry, Analytical)

The radioactivity of cesium in the water and sediments of two major rivers was measured along with airborne radioactivity in Namie Town, after the recent partial lift on the evacuation order in 2017. The observed concentrations were up to 384 $$pm$$ 11 mBq/L for $$^{137}$$Cs in unfiltered water and 1.28 $$pm$$ 0.09 mBq/m$$^{3}$$ for $$^{137}$$Cs in air, while the sediment had a maximum of 44900 $$pm$$ 23.4 Bq/kg for $$^{137}$$Cs. The $$^{134}$$Cs/$$^{137}$$Cs ratios indicate the main origin of the cesium in the sediment to be Unit 1 in good agreement with previous reports on the accident.

JAEA Reports

Annual report on the effluent control of low level liquid waste in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories FY2015

Nakano, Masanao; Fujita, Hiroki; Kono, Takahiko; Nagaoka, Mika; Inoue, Kazumi; Yoshii, Hideki*; Otani, Kazunori*; Hiyama, Yoshinori*; Kikuchi, Masaaki*; Sakauchi, Nobuyuki*; et al.

JAEA-Review 2017-001, 115 Pages, 2017/03

JAEA-Review-2017-001.pdf:3.57MB

Based on the regulations (the safety regulation of Tokai reprocessing plant, the safety regulation of nuclear fuel material usage facilities, the radiation safety rule, the regulation about prevention from radiation hazards due to radioisotopes, which are related with the nuclear regulatory acts, the local agreement concerning with safety and environment conservation around nuclear facilities, the water pollution control law, and bylaw of Ibaraki prefecture), the effluent control of liquid waste discharged from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories of Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been performed. This report describes the effluent control results of the liquid waste in the fiscal year 2015. In this period, the concentrations and the quantities of the radioactivity in liquid waste discharged from the reprocessing plant, the plutonium fuel fabrication facilities, and the other nuclear fuel material usage facilities were much lower than the limits authorized by the above regulations.

Journal Articles

Valence-band electronic structure evolution of graphene oxide upon thermal annealing for optoelectronics

Yamaguchi, Hisato*; Ogawa, Shuichi*; Watanabe, Daiki*; Hozumi, Hideaki*; Gao, Y.*; Eda, Goki*; Mattevi, C.*; Fujita, Takeshi*; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Ishizuka, Shinji*; et al.

Physica Status Solidi (A), 213(9), p.2380 - 2386, 2016/09

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:52.76(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

We report valence-band electronic structure evolution of graphene oxide (GO) upon its thermal reduction. The degree of oxygen functionalization was controlled by annealing temperature, and an electronic structure evolution was monitored using real-time ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. We observed a drastic increase in the density of states around the Fermi level upon thermal annealing at $$sim$$ 600$$^{circ}$$C. The result indicates that while there is an apparent bandgap for GO prior to a thermal reduction, the gap closes after an annealing around that temperature. This trend of bandgap closure was correlated with the electrical, chemical, and structural properties to determine a set of GO material properties that is optimal for optoelectronics. The results revealed that annealing at a temperature of 500$$^{circ}$$C leads to the desired properties, demonstrated by a uniform and an order of magnitude enhanced photocurrent map of an individual GO sheet compared to an as-synthesized counterpart.

Journal Articles

Development of a model to predict a radionuclide distribution based on soil migration after Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Yamaguchi, Masaaki; Maekawa, Keisuke; Takeuchi, Shinji*; Kitamura, Akihiro; Onishi, Yasuo*

Genshiryoku Bakkuendo Kenkyu (CD-ROM), 20(2), p.53 - 69, 2013/12

We developed a simple novel and fast simulation model to predict a long-term distribution of $$^{137}$$Cs deposited on the land surface of Fukushima due to the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident triggered by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake and resulting tsunami on 11 March 2011. The model utilizes the Geographical Information System (GIS) to integrate online open data provided by individual institutes, and simulate mechanisms of soil erosion, transport and sedimentation. A preliminary calculation shows the significant deposition of sediments in lakes and reservoirs and eroded silt and clay tend to be transported downstream to river mouths than eroded sand. These results were found to be qualitatively consistent with existing data.

Journal Articles

Corrosion resistance of structural materials in high-temperature aqueous sulfuric acids in thermochemical water-splitting iodine-sulfur process

Kubo, Shinji; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Ioka, Ikuo; Onuki, Kaoru; Yamaguchi, Akihisa*

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38(16), p.6577 - 6585, 2013/05

 Times Cited Count:22 Percentile:52.28(Chemistry, Physical)

Very harsh environments exist in the iodine-sulfur process for hydrogen production. Structural materials for sulfuric acid vaporizers and concentrators are exposed to high-temperature corrosive environments. Immersion tests were carried out to evaluate the corrosion resistance of ceramics and to evaluate corrosion-resistant metals exposed to environments of aqueous sulfuric acids at temperatures of 320, 380, and 460$$^{circ}$$C, and pressure of 2 MPa. The aqueous sulfuric acid concentrations for the temperatures were 75, 85, and 95 wt%, respectively. Ceramic specimens of silicon carbides (SiC), silicon impregnated silicon carbides (Si-SiC), and silicon nitrides (Si$$_{3}$$N$$_{4}$$) showed excellent corrosion resistance from weight loss measurements after exposure to 75, 85, and 95 wt% sulfuric acid. High-silicon irons with silicon content of 20 wt% showed a fair measure of corrosion resistance. However, evidence of crack formation was detected via microscopy. Silicon enriched steels severely suffered from uniform corrosion with a corrosion rate in 95 wt% sulfuric acid of approximately 1 gm$$^{-2}$$h$$^{-2}$$. Among the tested materials, the ceramics SiC, Si-SiC, and Si$$_{3}$$N$$_{4}$$ were found to be suitable candidates for structural materials in direct contact with the considered environments.

Journal Articles

Development of proposed guideline of flow-induced vibration evaluation for hot-leg piping in a sodium-cooled fast reactor

Sakai, Takaaki; Yamano, Hidemasa; Tanaka, Masaaki; Ono, Ayako; Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Kaneko, Tetsuya*; Hirota, Kazuo*; Sago, Hiromi*; Xu, Y.*; Iwamoto, Yukiharu*; et al.

Proceedings of 15th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-15) (USB Flash Drive), 13 Pages, 2013/05

The development of flow-induced vibration evaluation methodology has reached a milestone that separate-effect experimental data under a high Reynolds number regime including swirl and deflected inflow conditions are available for the validation of the methodology. On the other hand, technical standards are desirable to be documented for designers of sodium-cooled fast reactors. From such a background, the documentation of a flow-induced vibration design guideline has been made for the hot-leg piping of Japan sodium-cooled fast reactor. This paper describes the design guideline of the flow-induced vibration evaluation methodology, which has been informed from main separate-effect experiments, as well as supplemental interpretation for the guideline.

Journal Articles

Adaptability of Metallic Structural Materials to gaseous HI decomposition environment in thermochemical water-splitting iodine-sulfur process

Kubo, Shinji; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Onuki, Kaoru; Yamaguchi, Akihisa*

Corrosion Engineering, 62(3), p.104 - 111, 2013/03

The iodine-sulfur thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production takes place in very harsh environments. Structural metallic materials for the hydrogen iodide decomposition are exposed in a high temperature halogen corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement environment. To evaluate adaptability of the materials, the corrosion rates and mechanical properties (the yield strength, the tensile strength, and the elongation) were measured. Prepared test specimens were exposed to ambient gas consisting of HI, I$$_2$$, H$$_2$$O, and H$$_2$$ (molar fraction of 1:1:6:0.16) at 450$$^{circ}$$C for 1000 h at atmospheric pressure. After the exposure, the corrosion rates were obtained by the weight loss of each specimen. Nickel-based alloys (Hastelloy C-276, MAT21, Inconel 625) exhibited appropriate corrosion resistance ($$<$$ 0.03 g m$$^{-2}$$ h$$^{-1}$$. In addition, no degradations of the mechanical properties for the MAT21 and the Inconel 625 were observed. The specimens of tantalum and titanium showed hydrogen embrittlement; the specimens of zirconium and niobium exhibited poor corrosion resistance. The specimens of molybdenum (Mo) exhibited good corrosion resistance; however, the strength degradation of Mo is cause for concern. As the results show, the nickel-based alloys are well suited for the structural materials within this environment from the viewpoint of the corrosion resistance. MAT21 among them is an outstanding material with an eye to its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.

Journal Articles

Adaptability of metallic structural materials to gaseous HI decomposition environment in thermochemical water-splitting iodine-sulfur process

Kubo, Shinji; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Onuki, Kaoru; Yamaguchi, Akihisa*

Zairyo To Kankyo, 62(3), p.122 - 128, 2013/03

The iodine-sulfur thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production takes place in very harsh environments. Structural metallic materials for the hydrogen-iodide decomposition are exposed in the high-temperature halogen corrosion and the hydrogen embrittlement environment. To evaluate adaptability of the materials, corrosion rates and mechanical properties (the yield strength, the tensile strength, and the elongation) were measured. Prepared test specimens were exposed to ambient gas consisting of HI, I$$_{2}$$, H$$_{2}$$O and H$$_{2}$$ (molarfraction, 1:1:6:0.16) at 450$$^{circ}$$C for 1000 hours at the atmospheric pressure. After the exposure, the corrosion rates were obtained by the weight loss of each specimen. Nickel-based alloys (Hastelly C-276, MAT21, Inconel 625) exhibited appropriate corrosion resistance ($$<$$ 0.03 g m$$^{-2}$$ h$$^{-1}$$). In addition, no degradations of the mechanical properties for the MAT21 and the Inconel 625 were observed. The specimens of tantalum and titanium showed the hydrogen embrittlement; the specimens of zirconium and niobium exhibited poor corrosion resistance. The specimens of molybdenum (Mo) exhibited good corrosion resistance, however strength degradation of Mo is causing concern. As the results, the nickel-based alloys are well suited for the structural materials within this environment from the viewpoint of the corrosion resistance. MAT21 among them is the outstanding material with an eye to its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.

Journal Articles

Observation of an energetic radiation burst from mountain-top thunderclouds

Tsuchiya, Harufumi*; Enoto, Teruaki*; Torii, Tatsuo; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro*; Yuasa, Takayuki*; Torii, Shunsuke*; Fukuyama, Taro*; Yamaguchi, Takahiro*; Kato, Hiroshi*; Okano, Shinji*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 102(25), p.255003_1 - 255003_4, 2009/06

 Times Cited Count:65 Percentile:90.61(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

During thunderstorms on 2008 September 20, a simultaneous detection of $$gamma$$-rays and electrons was made at a mountain observatory in Japan located 2770 m above sea level. Both emissions, lasting 90 seconds, were associated with thunderclouds rather than lightning. The photon spectrum, extending to 10 MeV, can be interpreted as consisting of bremsstrahlung $$gamma$$-rays arriving from a source which is 60-130 m in distance at 90% confidence level. The observed electrons are likely to be dominated by a primary population escaping from an acceleration region in the clouds.

Journal Articles

Development of geophysical survey technique using the vibration caused by the shafts excavation in the granite; Application of seismic interferometry

Hodotsuka, Yasuyuki; Matsuoka, Toshiyuki; Tsuruta, Tadahiko; Yamada, Nobuto*; Ishigaki, Koichi*; Yamaguchi, Shinji*

Shadan Hojin Butsuri Tansa Gakkai Dai-119-Kai (Heisei-20-Nendo Shuki) Gakujutsu Koenkai Koen Rombunshu, p.61 - 64, 2008/10

Seismic interferometry using the vibration under the construction works such as borehole drilling, mucking, blasting etc., had been carried out to develop the method that obtain three-dimensional geological image, around the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory. In this study, we discussed the applicability of this method analytical accuracy depending on vibration resource types.

Journal Articles

Development of geophysical survey technique using the vibration caused by the shafts excavation in the granite; Application of reverse VSP

Matsuoka, Toshiyuki; Hodotsuka, Yasuyuki; Tsuruta, Tadahiko; Ishigaki, Koichi*; Yamada, Nobuto*; Yamaguchi, Shinji*

Shadan Hojin Butsuri Tansa Gakkai Dai-119-Kai (Heisei-20-Nendo Shuki) Gakujutsu Koenkai Koen Rombunshu, p.65 - 67, 2008/10

A reverse VSP (R-VSP) using the blasting vibration been carried out to obtain three-dimensional geological image around the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory under the shaft excavation works. In this study, the applicability of this method was discussed.

Journal Articles

Seismic interferometry using long time measured microtremor

Yamada, Nobuto*; Ishigaki, Koichi*; Yamaguchi, Shinji*; Narita, Norifumi*; Matsuoka, Toshiyuki; Hodotsuka, Yasuyuki; Matsuoka, Toshifumi*

Shadan Hojin Butsuri Tansa Gakkai Dai-117-Kai (Heisei-19-Nendo Shuki) Gakujutsu Koenkai Koen Rombunshu, p.146 - 148, 2007/10

Seismic interferometry synthesizes the Green's function between two receivers by calculating cross-correlation of records measured at their locations. In Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA), Seismic Interferometry using blasting vibration caused by the shafts excavation had been carried out to investigate the geologic structure in the surrounding area. The result was identical to the existing seismic reflection section. In this study, we applied this technique to long time measured microtremor. The result was also identical to the results of existing section and seismic interferometry using blasting vibration caused by the shafts excavation.

Journal Articles

Seismic imaging for 3-D RVSP data using image point transform

Lee, C.*; Matsuoka, Toshiyuki; Ishigaki, Koichi; Tanoue, Masayoshi*; Yamaguchi, Shinji*; Tsuchiya, Terumitsu*; Matsuoka, Toshifumi*

Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Exploration Geophysics (RAEG 2007), p.69 - 71, 2007/04

Image Points are defined through geometry of sources, receivers and reflectors. IP (Image Point) transform is one type of Radon transform which change common shot section to IP domain (r-x). By the IP transform, reflection signals in time domain can be accumulated and enhanced in IP domain. We applied the IP transform to the field data of RVSP that had been carried out at the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) site. We could get the fault image around the MIU site using IP transform.

Journal Articles

Seismic interferometric imaging from a point source in the ground

Shiraishi, Kazuya*; Matsuoka, Toshifumi*; Matsuoka, Toshiyuki; Tanoue, Masayoshi*; Yamaguchi, Shinji*

Journal of Seismic Exploration, 15, p.323 - 332, 2007/00

Seismic interferometry can reconstruct reflection responses by means of cross-correlation of transmission responses on the surface. An advantage of this method is that one can simulate as many shot records as the number of receivers with only one data set. We applied this method to reverse VSP data acquired by one explosive source in the subsurface at a civil construction site in Mizunami, Japan. From the observed transmission records, shot gathers are reconstructed applying cross-correlation, and following data processing including poststack migration we obtain a two-dimensional subsurface image. This section is clear enough to evaluate subsurface structures.

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