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-ray Spectrometry of Environmental Samples Collected in FukushimaSaegusa, Jun; Yoda, Tomoyuki; Maeda, Satoshi; Okazaki, Tsutomu; Otani, Shuichi; Yamaguchi, Toshio; Kurita, Yoshiyuki; Hasumi, Atsushi; Yonezawa, Chushiro*; Takeishi, Minoru
Proceedings of 14th International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA-14), Vol.3 (Internet), p.1078 - 1085, 2017/11
After the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency has newly set up a laboratory for radioactivity analysis in Fukushima. At the laboratory, radioactivity concentrations of environmental samples such as soil, water, dust filter, plant, etc., approximately 1,000 samples in a month, are measured with high-resolution -ray spectrometry systems. The systems employ n-type HPGe detectors from Ortec. Since September 2012, characterization and upgrade of the systems have been performed aimed at enhancing reliability of analysis and convenience of customers. Resolving both systematic and technical issues, the laboratory has been accredited the ISO/IEC 17025 standard as a testing laboratory for radioactivity analysis.
Bi
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Yonezawa, Shingo*; Tajiri, Kengo*; Nakata, Suguru*; Nagai, Yuki; Wang, Z.*; Segawa, Koji*; Ando, Yoichi*; Maeno, Yoshiteru*
Nature Physics, 13(2), p.123 - 126, 2017/02
Times Cited Count：190 Percentile：99.04(Physics, Multidisciplinary)no abstracts in English
Hayakawa, Misa; Yonezawa, Minoru; Mineo, Yukinobu; Kunii, Katsuhiko; Nagaya, Shun
Dai-12-Kai Joho Purofesshonaru Shimpojiumu (INFOPRO 2015) Happyo Yokoshu, p.129 - 134, 2015/12
no abstracts in English
Ikeda, Kiyoshi; Gonda, Mayuki; Nagaya, Shun; Hayakawa, Misa; Kunii, Katsuhiko; Mineo, Yukinobu; Yonezawa, Minoru; Itabashi, Keizo
Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Grey Literature (GL-16), p.139 - 145, 2015/03
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Library has collected Internet information related the Fukushima Accident. We previously reported the development of the Fukushima Accident Archive using the DSpace in 15th International Conference on Grey Literature. We have encountered a new challenging issue grey literature. In many cases, Internet information contains valuable numerical data. However, it is difficult to identify the existence of numerical data in the Internet sites because numerical data is not often organized in a systematic manner on the web sites. We considered such method as to identify numerical data and attempted to introduce "data flagging" system, which was previously used in the International Atomic Energy Agency's International Nuclear Information System (INIS). In this presentation, we will introduce our "data flagging" system for numerical data on the Internet and how we apply the system to our Fukushima Accident Archive.
Terauchi, Masami*; Takahashi, Hideyuki*; Handa, Nobuo*; Murano, Takanori*; Koike, Masato; Imazono, Takashi; Koeda, Masaru*; Nagano, Tetsuya*; Sasai, Hiroyuki*; Oue, Yuki*; et al.
Microscopy and Microanalysis, 20(Suppl.3), p.682 - 683, 2014/08
X-rays originate form electronic transitions from valence bands (VB, bonding electron states) to inner-shell electron levels inform us energy states of bonding electrons. We have developed the SXES spectrometers attaching to TEM, EPMA, and SEM. A spectrometer has an energy range of 50-4000 eV by using four varied-line-spacing gratings. Applications of TEM-SXES instrument to C
have revealed characteristic energy distribution of bonding electrons. Carbon K-emission spectra of C crystals showed that both the peak structures in 
- and 
-bands and the characteristic dip structure between the - and -bonding states in monomer-C disappear in the most polymerized-C crystals. Bulk specimens were examined by applying SXES to a SEM. Al L-emission spectra of intermetallic compounds of AlAu, AlCo, and aluminum showed different intensity distributions due to different band structures originating from different crystal structures.
Takahashi, Hideyuki*; Handa, Nobuo*; Murano, Takanori*; Terauchi, Masami*; Koike, Masato; Kawachi, Tetsuya; Imazono, Takashi; Hasegawa, Noboru; Koeda, Masaru*; Nagano, Tetsuya*; et al.
Microscopy and Microanalysis, 20(Suppl.3), p.684 - 685, 2014/08
A novel wavelength dispersive soft X-ray emission spectrometer (SXES) having a X-ray energy range of 50-210 eV has been developed. One feature is that the SXES is parallel detection of the signals so that it can be used like a conventional energy dispersive spectrometer. The other is a high energy resolution, which is about 0.2 eV at Al-L comparable to those revealed by XPS and EELS. These features enable us to obtain meaningful information about chemical bonding in various bulk samples. The SXES can detect Li-K emission spectrum. In the case of an anode electrode of a lithium ion battery (LIB), two types of lithium peaks are observed: one lower energy peak at 50 eV and the other higher energy peak at 54 eV. It was found that the former peak corresponds to the amount of charging, whereas the latter corresponds to the metallic state of lithium.
Terauchi, Masami*; Koshiya, Shogo*; Sato, Futami*; Takahashi, Hideyuki*; Handa, Nobuo*; Murano, Takanori*; Koike, Masato; Imazono, Takashi; Koeda, Masaru*; Nagano, Tetsuya*; et al.
Microscopy and Microanalysis, 20(3), p.692 - 697, 2014/06
Times Cited Count：32 Percentile：91.15(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Electron beam induced soft-X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES) by using a grating spectrometer has been introduced to a conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM) for characterizing desired specimen areas of bulk materials. The spectrometer was designed as a grazing-incidence flat-field optics by using aberration corrected (varied-line-spacing) gratings and a multi-channel-plate detector combined with a charge-coupled-device camera, which has already applied for a transmission electron microscope. The best resolution was confirmed as 0.13 eV at Mg L-emission (50 eV), which value is comparable to that of recent dedicated electron energy-loss spectroscopy instruments. This SXES-SEM instrument presents density of states of simple metals of bulk Mg and Li. Apparent band structure effects have been observed in Si L-emission of Si-wafer, P L-emission of GaP-wafer, and Al L-emissions of intermetallic compounds of AlCo, AlPd, AlPt, and AlAu.
Sanada, Yukihisa; Takamura, Yoshihide; Urabe, Yoshimi; Tsuchida, Kiyofumi; Nishizawa, Yukiyasu; Yamada, Tsutomu; Sato, Yoshiharu; Hirayama, Hirokatsu; Nishihara, Katsuya; Imura, Mitsuo; et al.
JAEA-Research 2014-005, 67 Pages, 2014/05
JAEA-Research-2014-005.pdf:52.68MB
Distribution of radiocesium existing on the waterbed such as lake or pond was concerned about at the present that passed for two years by an accident. Here, the direct measurement technique of the radiocesium concentration (in-situ measurement technique) was developed. This method was used an plastic scintillation detector (p-Scanner). This detector carried out quick measurement of a large area. In addition, the count-rate of p-Scanner was converted to the radiocesium concentration (Ba/kg-wet) by comparative measurement of -ray spectrometer. We applied the technique to the agricultural pond in Fukushima and made a map of distribution of radiocesium concentration.
Ikeda, Kiyoshi; Oshima, Takeshi; Gonda, Mayuki; Nagaya, Shun; Hayakawa, Misa; Mineo, Yukinobu; Yonezawa, Minoru; Itabashi, Keizo
Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Grey Literature (GL-15), p.41 - 47, 2014/03
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Library has collected information on the 3.11 accident from various sources and websites and then disseminated it over the Internet. However, there are some unresolved issues in terms of permanent accessibility to information and the lack of bibliographical control. We contribute to the improvement of the dissemination of grey literature by creating the metadata and organizing it with classification. We have created more than 4,000 metadata of the website's information concerning TEPCO's "photo and video collection", and more than 3,000 metadata of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan's "press release". We have also created metadata of presentations at the meetings of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ), held in September 2012 and March 2013.
Ikeda, Kiyoshi; Oshima, Takeshi; Gonda, Mayuki; Nagaya, Shun; Hayakawa, Misa; Mineo, Yukinobu; Yonezawa, Minoru; Itabashi, Keizo
The Grey Journal; An International Journal on Grey Literature, 10(1), p.7 - 13, 2014/00
In March 2011, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident occurred in Japan. After the accident, parts of information on the accident has been distributed as grey literature and they cause some issues in terms of permanent accessibility to the information. This paper introduces the activity of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency Library as an example of efforts to improve access of Internet information using the DSpace. Consequently, we contributed to the improvement of the dissemination of grey literature at the following three points; (1)to ensure permanent access to Internet information by cooperating with the National Diet Library's Web archiving project, (2) to develop standardized metadata schema and classification system, (3)to develop prototype system using DSpace and compile about 36,000 metadata.
Terauchi, Masami*; Takahashi, Hideyuki*; Handa, Nobuo*; Murano, Takanori*; Koike, Masato; Kawachi, Tetsuya; Imazono, Takashi; Hasegawa, Noboru; Koeda, Masaru*; Nagano, Tetsuya*; et al.
JAEA-Conf 2013-001, p.77 - 80, 2013/09
We have been developing a soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES) instrument for electron microscopes (TEM, EPMA/SEM) with an extension of detectable energy range to 50-4000 eV. An introduction of valence electron spectroscopy with microscopy will supply fruitful information on bonding electrons, which cannot be obtained by EELS and EDS. For extend the lowest (or highest) detection energy upto 50 eV (or 4000 eV), a new laminar-type varied-line-spacing (VLS) grating, JS50XL, (or JS4000) has designed and manufactured. JS50XL and JS4000 having 1200 and 2400 lines/mm as well as coated by Au and a new multilayer-structure of W/B
C for a wide-band energy region of 2000-3800 eV, respectively. Those gratings were installed and tested in a SXES spectrometer attached to a TEM. The extension in lowest detection energy was confirmed by Mg-L emission (JS50XL). The energy resolution was 0.2 eV at Fermi edge of 49.5 eV. It can be also seen a sharp Fermi edge for Li-K emission spectrum of metal-Li. The high energy resolution was confirmed by Te-La emission at 3.8 keV (JS4000). The full width at half maximum of the peak was 27 eV. The detection energy range was successfully extended by using the two new VLS-gratings.
Takahashi, Hideyuki*; Handa, Nobuo*; Murano, Takanori*; Koike, Masato; Kawachi, Tetsuya; Imazono, Takashi; Hasegawa, Noboru; Terauchi, Masami*; Koeda, Masaru*; Nagano, Tetsuya*; et al.
JAEA-Conf 2013-001, p.13 - 15, 2013/09
A very unique high performance soft X-ray emission spectrometer (SXES) has successfully been developed which can be attached not only to transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), but also to scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) as well as electron probe microanalyzers (EPMAs). To extend the analyzed energy ranges, a newly designed laminar-type varied-line-spacing (VLS) grating JS50XL, for a lower energy range, 50-170 eV, and a multilayered VLS grating JS4000, for a higher energy range, 2000-4000 eV, have been developed and installed to this spectrometer. Application software has also been developed for a commercial use of SXES in several fields such as battery materials, steel and alloys, and electron devices. The appearance of this spectrometer attached to EPMA and a few results acquired are shown in the following figures. This development has been conducted as one of the projects of Collaborative Development of Innovative Seeds (Practicability verification stage) by Japan Science and Technology Agency.
Imazono, Takashi; Koike, Masato; Kawachi, Tetsuya; Hasegawa, Noboru; Koeda, Masaru*; Nagano, Tetsuya*; Sasai, Hiroyuki*; Oue, Yuki*; Yonezawa, Zeno*; Kuramoto, Satoshi*; et al.
Proceedings of SPIE, Vol.8848, p.884812_1 - 884812_14, 2013/09
Times Cited Count：7 Percentile：94.18We have developed an objective soft X-ray flat-field spectrograph to be able to attach to electron microscopes. This spectrograph has two attractive features. One is that it is designed to cover a wide energy range of 50-4000 eV by using four varied-line-spacing holographic gratings optimized for 50-200 eV, 155-350 eV, 300-2200 eV, and 2000-4000 eV. They can be accommodated in the single spectrograph. The other is a newly invented W/B
C multilayer coating covering the 2000-4000 eV range. It can enhance the diffraction efficiency above a practical level of 
% at a constant incidence angle in the whole energy range.
Takahashi, Hideyuki*; Handa, Nobuo*; Murano, Takanori*; Terauchi, Masami*; Koike, Masato; Kawachi, Tetsuya; Imazono, Takashi; Hasegawa, Noboru; Koeda, Masaru*; Nagano, Tetsuya*; et al.
Microscopy and Microanalysis, 19(Suppl.2), p.1258 - 1259, 2013/08
A new wavelength dispersive soft X-ray emission spectrometer (WD-SXES) consisting of newly developed diffraction gratings has been developed for soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. The WD-SXES with two types of diffraction gratings nominally covering an energy range between 50 and 210 eV has been installed to electron probe X-ray microanalyzers, JEOL JXA-8100, for commercial use. The energy resolution of this WD-SXES is nominally 0.3 eV, which is one order of magnitude better than that of conventional WDSs with layered dispersion elements. It is to be noted that the corresponding edge of AlB is shifted to higher energy side by about 1 eV. One of the energy range was selected from 72 to 73.5 eV whereas the other was from 73.5 to 75 eV. The contrast in the former map is reversed in the later map as expected even though the energy difference between two maps is only 1.5 eV. The study confirms the high potential for the characterization especially for chemical state mapping.
Terauchi, Masami*; Koshiya, Shogo*; Sato, Futami*; Takahashi, Hideyuki*; Handa, Nobuo*; Murano, Takanori*; Koike, Masato; Imazono, Takashi; Koeda, Masaru*; Nagano, Tetsuya*; et al.
Microscopy and Microanalysis, 19(Suppl.2), p.1278 - 1279, 2013/08
We have been developed and tested soft-X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES) instruments by attaching to TEM and EPMA. The spectrometer has an energy range form 50-4000 eV by using four varied-line-spacing (aberration corrected) gratings. This SXES spectrometer inform us energy states of valence electrons (bonding electrons) form an identified specimen area by electron microscopy, which cannot be obtained by EELS and EDS. This provides not only the probing method for the energy states of valence electrons but also a sensitive tool for elemental and chemical identification. The spectrometer has applied also to a SEM (JEOL JSM-6480LV). As SEM can use a larger probe current and excitation volume of specimen than those of TEM, the detection time is about one order shorter than that of TEM. The energy resolution evaluated at AL-Ledge is 0.16 eV. The spectrum of LaB
shows apparent intensity corresponds to B-K Fermi edge, showing chemical state of boron.
and Sn-L
emissions of indium tin oxideTerauchi, Masami*; Takahashi, Hideyuki*; Handa, Nobuo*; Murano, Takanori*; Koike, Masato; Kawachi, Tetsuya; Imazono, Takashi; Hasegawa, Noboru; Koeda, Masaru*; Nagano, Tetsuya*; et al.
Microscopy, 62(3), p.391 - 395, 2013/06
Times Cited Count：11 Percentile：59.79(Microscopy)A new multilayer-coated varied line-spaced grating, JS4000, was fabricated and tested for extending the upper limit of a grating X-ray spectrometer for electron microscopy. This grating was designed for 2-3.8 keV at a grazing incidence angle of 1.35 deg. It was revealed that this new multilayer structure enables us to take soft-X-ray emission spectra continuously from 1.5 keV to 4 keV at the same optical setting. The full-width at half maximum of Te-L
(3.8 keV) emission peak was 27 eV. Sn-L (3444 eV) and In-L
(3487 eV) peaks, which cannot be resolved by a widely used energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer.
Imazono, Takashi; Koike, Masato; Hasegawa, Noboru; Koeda, Masaru*; Nagano, Tetsuya*; Sasai, Hiroyuki*; Oue, Yuki*; Yonezawa, Zeno*; Kuramoto, Satoshi*; Terauchi, Masami*; et al.
Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 425(15), p.152008_1 - 152008_4, 2013/03
Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：79.97We have developed a flat-field spectrograph equipped with a wide-band multilayer grating and prefocusing mirror for the 2-4 keV range. To realize a spectrograph without any mechanical movement, the multilayer has a newly invented layer structure to uniformly enhance the diffraction efficiency (or reflectivity) of the grating (or prefocusing mirror) at a fixed angle of incidence in the whole energy region. The multilayer structure consisting of W and BC layers has been deposited by ion beam sputtering method on a varied-line-spacing laminar-type holographic grating. Also the same multilayer has been done on a spherical substrate. The average diffraction efficiency (or reflectivity) of the multilayer grating (or spherical mirror) is in excess of 3% at 88.65
(or 4% at 88.00) in the 2.1-3.8 keV range. The throughput of the spectrograph with multilayer optics can be evaluated to be 2-5000 times higher than that with conventional optics coated by a gold layer.
Hayakawa, Misa; Nagaya, Shun; Gonda, Mayuki; Fukazawa, Takeyasu; Yonezawa, Minoru; Itabashi, Keizo
The Grey Journal; An International Journal on Grey Literature, 9(3), p.139 - 144, 2013/00
Conference Proceedings are "grey literature" due to the fact that they are not made commercially available frequently. While many Proceedings are published on the Internet, there are specific issues that can affect access, such as changes in the URLs. This paper introduces the case of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) library as an example of efforts to improve access of Proceedings using the Internet.
Hayakawa, Misa; Nagaya, Shun; Gonda, Mayuki; Fukazawa, Takeyasu; Yonezawa, Minoru; Itabashi, Keizo
Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Grey Literature (GL-14), p.143 - 148, 2012/11
In this presentation, we would like to introduce the present status of the collection of conference proceedings (proceedings) in the JAEA Library and the improvement of access to the full text of proceedings. Conference Proceedings have been published mainly in conventional book form from. But, in recent years, their publication form has been changing. Nowadays, they have been publishing in the form of a CD-ROM, or Internet. They become typical gray literature, because many of them are not commercially available. Accessibility to the full text of conference proceedings on the Internet seems improved. But, conference proceedings on the Internet have a specific problem of information on the Internet. For example, there is a possibility that access URL is changed. As a good practice for the improvement of accessibility to the full text of proceedings, we would like to introduce the case of the JAEA library. So, we would like to examine the problems of the availability of proceedings as a whole.
Imazono, Takashi; Koike, Masato; Kawachi, Tetsuya; Hasegawa, Noboru; Koeda, Masaru*; Nagano, Tetsuya*; Sasai, Hiroyuki*; Oue, Yuki*; Yonezawa, Zeno*; Kuramoto, Satoshi*; et al.
AIP Conference Proceedings 1465, p.33 - 37, 2012/07
Times Cited Count：5 Percentile：85.38