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decay; The Case of 
Hg 
TlCarroll, R. J.*; Podoly
k, Zs.*; Berry, T.*; Grawe, H.*; Alexander, T.*; Andreyev, A. N.; Ansari, S.*; Borge, M. J. G.*; Brunet, M.*; Creswell, J. R.*; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 125(19), p.192501_1 - 192501_6, 2020/11
The 
decay of Hg into the one-proton hole, one neutron-particle 
Tl
nucleus was investigated at CERN-ISOLDE. Shell-model calculations describe well the level scheme deduced, validating the proton-neutron interactions used, with implications for the whole of the 
, 
quadrant of neutron-rich nuclei. While both negative and positive parity states with spin 0 and 1 are expected within the 
window, only three negative parity states are populated directly in the decay. The data provide a unique test of the competition between allowed Gamow-Teller and Fermi, and first-forbidden decays, essential for the understanding of the nucleosynthesis of heavy nuclei in the rapid neutron capture process. Furthermore, the observation of the parity changing 
decay where the daughter state is core excited is unique, and can provide information on mesonic corrections of effective operators.
P
rez Snchez, R.*; Jurado, B.*; Mot, V.*; Roig, O.*; Dupuis, M.*; Bouland, O.*; Denis-Petit, D.*; Marini, P.*; Mathieu, L.*; Tsekhanovich, I.*; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 125(12), p.122502_1 - 122502_5, 2020/09
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：100(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Reliable neutron-induced-reaction cross sections of unstable nuclei are essential for nuclear astrophysics and applications but their direct measurement is often impossible. The surrogate-reaction method is one of the most promising alternatives to access these cross sections. In this work, we successfully applied the surrogate-reaction method to infer for the first time both the neutron-induced fission and radiative capture cross sections of 
Pu in a consistent manner from a single measurement. This was achieved by combining simultaneously measured fission and 
-emission probabilities for the 
Pu(
He, He') surrogate reaction with a calculation of the angular-momentum and parity distributions populated in this reaction. While other experiments measure the probabilities for some selected -ray transitions, we measure the -emission probability. This enlarges the applicability of the surrogate-reaction method.
Kheirkhah, M.*; Yan, Z.*; 永井 佑紀; Marsiglio, F.*
Physical Review Letters, 125(1), p.017001_1 - 017001_8, 2020/07
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：100(Physics, Multidisciplinary)近年、高次トポロジカル物質と言われる、今までにない新しいタイプのトポロジカル物質が注目を集めている。特に、超伝導体と半導体を接合させた場合、高次トポロジカル超伝導状態が現れると期待され、そしてトポロジカル量子コンピューティングが可能な新しいマヨラナ状態が出現するということで盛んに研究が行われている。本研究では、固体物理における基本的な模型である拡張ハバード模型にスピン軌道相互作用が存在するとき、温度とキャリアドープ量によって1次トポロジカル超伝導と2次トポロジカル超伝導および通常の超伝導の複数の相が現れることを明らかにした。本研究では、高次トポロジカル超伝導状態が容易に実現する方法を提案したことになる。
) two-proton knockout from neutron-rich nucleiFrotscher, A.*; G
mez-Ramos, M.*; Obertelli, A.*; Doornenbal, P.*; Authelet, G.*; 馬場 秀忠*; Orlandi, R.; 他86名*
Physical Review Letters, 125(1), p.012501_1 - 012501_7, 2020/07
Twenty-one two-proton () knock-out cross sections of neutron-rich radioactive isotopes were measured in inverse kinematics using the MINOS time-projection chamber at RIBF, RIKEN. The proton angular distributions, measured for the first time, reveal that the reaction kinematics of the () reaction is consistent with sequential proton collisions within the projectile nucleus.
collisions at 
= 510 GeVKim, M. H.*; 谷田 聖; RHICf Collaboration*; 他23名*
Physical Review Letters, 124(25), p.252501_1 - 252501_6, 2020/06
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：100(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Transverse single-spin asymmetries of very forward neutral pions generated in polarized 
collisions allow us to understand the production mechanism in terms of perturbative and non-perturbative strong interactions. During 2017 the RHICf Collaboration installed an electromagnetic calorimeter in the zero-degree region of the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and measured neutral pions produced at pseudorapidity larger than 6 in polarized 
+ collisions at = 510 GeV. The large non-zero asymmetries increasing both in longitudinal momentum fraction 
and transverse momentum 
have been observed at low transverse momentum 
GeV/
for the first time at this collision energy. The asymmetries show an approximate scaling in the region where non-perturbative processes are expected to dominate. A non-negligible contribution from soft processes may be necessary to explain the nonzero neutral pion asymmetries.
F from 
O
?Tang, T. L.*; 上坂 友洋*; 川瀬 頌一郎; Beaumel, D.*; 堂園 昌伯*; 藤井 俊彦*; 福田 直樹*; 福永 拓*; Galindo-Uribarri. A.*; Hwang, S. H.*; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 124(21), p.212502_1 - 212502_6, 2020/05
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：30.13(Physics, Multidisciplinary)中性子過剰核Fの構造が(
)反応で調査した。
軌道の分光学的因子は1.0
0.3と大きいが、一方で残留核であるOが基底状態である割合は約35%,励起状態は約0.65%であることが明らかになった。この結果は、Fのコア核Oは基底状態とは大きく異なり、Oの
軌道に陽子がひとつ加わることでOとFの中性子軌道が相当に変化していると推測される。これは酸素同位体ドリップライン異常のメカニズムである可能性がある。
boson at Belle II in 
plus missing energy final states足立 一郎*; 谷田 聖; Belle II Collaboration*; 他358名*
Physical Review Letters, 124(14), p.141801_1 - 141801_9, 2020/04
被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：5.34(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Theories beyond the standard model often predict the existence of an additional neutral boson, the . Using data collected by the Belle II experiment during 2018 at the SuperKEKB collider, we perform the first searches for the invisible decay of a in the process 
and of a lepton-flavor-violating in 
. We do not find any excess of events and set 90% credibility level upper limits on the cross sections of these processes. We translate the former, in the framework of an 
theory, into upper limits on the coupling constant at the level of 
- 
for 
GeV/
.
and 
with a semileptonic tagging methodCaria, G.*; 谷田 聖; Belle Collaboration*; 他202名*
Physical Review Letters, 124(16), p.161803_1 - 161803_8, 2020/04
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：8.03(Physics, Multidisciplinary)The experimental results on the ratios of branching fractions 
and 
, where 
denotes an electron or a muon, show a long-standing discrepancy with the Standard Model predictions, and might hint to a violation of lepton flavor universality. We report a new simultaneous measurement of and , based on a data sample containing 
events recorded at the 
resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB 
collider. In this analysis the tag-side 
meson is reconstructed in a semileptonic decay mode and the signal-side 
is reconstructed in a purely leptonic decay. The measured values are 
and 
, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions within 
, 
and 
standard deviations for , and their combination, respectively. This work constitutes the most precise measurements of and performed to date as well as the first result for based on a semileptonic tagging method.
to 
Katrenko, P.*; 谷田 聖; Belle Collaboration*; 他168名*
Physical Review Letters, 124(12), p.122001_1 - 122001_7, 2020/03
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：30.13(Physics, Multidisciplinary)We report the first observation of the radiative decay of the into a charmonium state. The statistical significance of the observed signal of 
is 6.3 standard deviations including systematics. The branching fraction is calculated to be Br() = 
. We also searched for radiative decays into 
and 
and set upper limits on their branching fractions. These results are obtained from a 24.9 fb
data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy 
collider at a center-of-mass energy equal to the 
mass using tagging by the 
transitions.
田中 泰貴*; 森田 浩介*; 森本 幸司*; 加治 大哉*; 羽場 宏光*; Boll, R. A.*; Brewer, N. T.*; Van Cleve, S.*; Dean, D. J.*; 石澤 倫*; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 124(5), p.052502_1 - 052502_6, 2020/02
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：30.13(Physics, Multidisciplinary)The excitation functions for quasielastic scattering of 
Ne+
Cm, 
Mg+Cm, 
Ca+
U are measured using a gas-filled recoil ion separator The quasielastic barrier distributions are extracted for these systems and are compared with coupled-channel calculations. The results indicate that the barrier distribution is affected dominantly by deformation of the actinide target nuclei, but also by vibrational or rotational excitations of the projectile nuclei, as well as neutron transfer processes before capture. From a comparison between the experimental barrier distributions and the evaporation residue cross sections for Sg (Z=106), Hs (108), Cn (112), and Lv (116), it is suggested that the hot fusion reactions take advantage of a compact collision, where the projectile approaches along the short axis of a prolately deformed nucleus. A new method is proposed to estimate the optimum incident energy to synthesize unknown superheavy nuclei using the barrier distribution.
Th nuclear clock isomer determined by absolute -ray energy difference山口 敦史*; 村松 はるか*; 林 佑*; 湯浅 直樹*; 中村 圭佑; 滝本 美咲; 羽場 宏光*; 小無 健司*; 渡部 司*; 菊永 英寿*; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 123(22), p.222501_1 - 222501_6, 2019/11
被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：33.25(Physics, Multidisciplinary)The low-lying isomeric state of Th provides unique opportunities for high-resolution laser spectroscopy of the atomic nucleus. We determine the energy of this isomeric state by measuring the absolute energy difference between two -decays from the 29.2-keV second-excited state. A transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter was used to measure the absolute energy of the 29.2-keV -ray with improved precision. Together with the cross-band transition energy (29.2 keVground) and the branching ratio of the 29.2-keV state measured in a recent study, the isomer energy was determined to be 8.300.88 eV. Our result is in agreement with latest measurements based on different experimental techniques, which further confirms that the isomeric state of Th is in the laser-accessible vacuum ultraviolet range.
Ca corroborates arising 
neutron magic numberChen, S.*; Lee, J.*; Doornenbal, P.*; Obertelli, A.*; Barbieri, C.*; 茶園 亮樹*; Navrtil, P.*; 緒方 一介*; 大塚 孝治*; Raimondi, F.*; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 123(14), p.142501_1 - 142501_7, 2019/10
被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：16.18(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Caでは中性子魔法数34が現れると考えられているが、その直接的な実験的証拠を得るため、Caからの中性子ノックアウト反応Ca(
)
Caによって生成される状態を理化学研究所のRI Beam Factoryによって調べた。基底状態および2.2MeVの励起状態が強く生成され、1.7MeVの励起状態の生成量は小さかった。Caの運動量分布から、基底状態および2.2MeVの励起状態は軌道の中性子を叩き出して得られた状態であることが明らかになった。DWIA計算によって得られた分光学的因子から、Caは軌道がほぼ完全に占有された閉殻構造を持つことが明らかになり、中性子魔法数34の出現が確実なものとなった。
, 
Al, and Au collisions at 
GeVAidala, C.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他296名*
Physical Review Letters, 123(12), p.122001_1 - 122001_9, 2019/09
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：45.7(Physics, Multidisciplinary)We report on the nuclear dependence of transverse single-spin asymmetries (TSSAs) in the production of positively-charged hadrons in polarized 
, 
Al and Au collisions at GeV. The measurements have been performed at forward rapidity (
) over the range of 
GeV
and 
. We observed a positive asymmetry 
for positively-charged hadrons in collisions, and a significantly reduced asymmetry in 
+
collisions. These results reveal a nuclear dependence of charged hadron 
in a regime where perturbative techniques are relevant. These results provide new opportunities to use A collisions as a tool to investigate the rich phenomena behind TSSAs in hadronic collisions and to use TSSA as a new handle in studying small-system collisions.
和田 有希*; 榎戸 輝揚*; 中澤 知洋*; 古田 禄大; 湯浅 孝行*; 中村 佳敬*; 森本 健志*; 松元 崇弘*; 牧島 一夫*; 土屋 晴文
Physical Review Letters, 123(6), p.061103_1 - 061103_6, 2019/08
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：20.02(Physics, Multidisciplinary)During a winter thunderstorm on 2017 November 24, a strong burst of gamma-rays with energies up to 
10 MeV was detected coincident with a lightning discharge, by scintillation detectors installed at Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant at sea level in Japan. The burst had a sub-second duration, which is suggestive of photoneutron productions. The leading part of the burst was resolved into four intense gamma-ray bunches, each coincident with a low-frequency radio pulse. These bunches were separated by 0.7
1.5 ms, with a duration of 
1 ms each. Thus, the present burst may be considered as a "downward" terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF), which is analogous to up-going TGFs observed from space. Although the scintillation detectors were heavily saturated by these bunches, the total dose associated with them was successfully measured by ionization chambers, employed by nine monitoring posts surrounding the power plant. From this information and Monte Carlo simulations, the present downward TGF is suggested to have taken place at an altitude of 2500500 m, involving 
avalanche electrons with energies above 1 MeV which is comparable to those in up-going TGFs.
CoSiO
Cl栗田 伸之*; 山本 大輔*; 金坂 拓哉*; 古川 信夫*; 河村 聖子; 中島 健次; 田中 秀数*
Physical Review Letters, 123(2), p.027206_1 - 027206_6, 2019/07
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：100(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Magnetic excitations of the effective spin 
=1/2 dimerized magnet BaCoSiOCl have been probed directly via inelastic neutron scattering experiments. We observed five types of excitation, which are all dispersionless within the resolution limits. The scattering intensities of the three low-lying excitations were found to exhibit different 
-dependences. Detailed analysis has demonstrated that BaCoSiOCl is a two dimensional spin dimer system described only by a single dimer site, where the triplet excitations are localized owing to the almost perfect frustration of the interdimer exchange interactions and the undimerized spins, even in small concentration, make an essential contribution to the excitation spectrum.
Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他666名*
Physical Review Letters, 123(2), p.022301_1 - 022301_10, 2019/07
被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：16.18(Physics, Multidisciplinary)The PHENIX collaboration presents first measurements of low-momentum (
GeV/) direct-photon yields from Au
Au collisions at 
=39 and 62.4 GeV. For both beam energies the direct-photon yields are substantially enhanced with respect to expectations from prompt processes, similar to the yields observed in AuAu collisions at =200. Analyzing the photon yield as a function of the experimental observable 
reveals that the low-momentum (
1,GeV/) direct-photon yield 
is a smooth function of and can be well described as proportional to 
with 
1.25. This new scaling behavior holds for a wide range of beam energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and Large Hadron Collider, for centrality selected samples, as well as for different, collision systems. At a given beam energy the scaling also holds for high 
(,GeV/) but when results from different collision energies are compared, an additional -dependent multiplicative factor is needed to describe the integrated-direct-photon yield.
Liu, M.-Z.*; Pan, Y.-W.*; Peng, F.-Z.*; Snchez-Snchez, M.*; Geng, L.-S.*; 保坂 淳; Valderrama, M. P.*
Physical Review Letters, 122(24), p.242001_1 - 242001_5, 2019/06
被引用回数：68 パーセンタイル：0.22(Physics, Multidisciplinary)A recent analysis by the LHCb Collaboration suggests the existence of three narrow pentaquarklike states-the 
(4312), (4440), and (4457)-instead of just one in the previous analysis [the (4450)]. The closeness of the (4312) to the 
threshold and the (4440) and (4457) to the threshold suggests a molecular interpretation of these resonances. We show that these three pentaquarklike resonances can be naturally accommodated in a contact-range effective field theory description that incorporates heavy-quark spin symmetry. This description leads to the prediction of all the seven possible -wave heavy antimeson-baryon molecules [that is, there should be four additional molecular pentaquarks in addition to the (4312), (4440), and (4457)], providing the first example of a heavy-quark spin symmetry molecular multiplet that is complete. If this is confirmed, it will not only give us an impressive example of the application of heavy-quark symmetries and effective field theories in hadron physics, it will also uncover a clear and powerful ordering principle for the molecular spectrum, reminiscent of the SU(3)-flavor multiplets to which the light hadron spectrum conforms.
山本 慧; Thiang, G. C.*; Pirro, P.*; Kim, K.-W.*; Everschor-Sitte, K.*; 齊藤 英治*
Physical Review Letters, 122(21), p.217201_1 - 217201_5, 2019/05
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：33.25(Physics, Multidisciplinary)We propose a topological characterization of Hamiltonians describing classical waves. Applying it to the magnetostatic surface spin waves that are important in spintronics applications, we settle the speculation over their topological origin. For a class of classical systems that includes spin waves driven by dipole-dipole interactions, we show that the topology is characterized by vortex lines in the Brillouin zone in such a way that the symplectic structure of Hamiltonian mechanics plays an essential role. We define winding numbers around these vortex lines and identify them to be the bulk topological invariants for a class of semimetals. Exploiting the bulk-edge correspondence appropriately reformulated for these classical waves, we predict that surface modes appear but not in a gap of the bulk frequency spectrum. This feature, consistent with the magnetostatic surface spin waves, indicates a broader realm of topological phases of matter beyond spectrally gapped ones.
GeWo, H.*; Wang, Q.*; Shen, Y.*; Zhang, X.*; Hao, Y.*; Feng, Y.*; Shen, S.*; He, Z.*; Pan, B.*; Wang, W.*; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 122(21), p.217003_1 - 217003_5, 2019/05
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：45.7(Physics, Multidisciplinary)We report neutron scattering measurements of single-crystalline YFeGe in the normal state, which has the same crystal structure as the 122 family of iron pnictide superconductors. YFeGe does not exhibit long-range magnetic order but exhibits strong spin fluctuations. Like the iron pnictides, YFeGe displays anisotropic stripe-type antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations at (
). More interesting, however, is the observation of strong spin fluctuations at the in-plane ferromagnetic wave vector (
). These ferromagnetic spin fluctuations are isotropic in the (
) plane, whose intensity exceeds that of stripe spin fluctuations. Both the ferromagnetic and stripe spin fluctuations remain gapless down to the lowest measured energies. Our results naturally explain the absence of magnetic order in YFeGe and also imply that the ferromagnetic correlations may be a key ingredient for iron-based materials.
Sn; First measurement of low-lying -emitting isomers in 
AgChen, Z. Q.*; Li, Z. H.*; Hua, H.*; 渡邉 寛*; Yuan, C. X.*; Zhang, S. Q.*; Lorusso, G.*; Orlandi, R.; 他60名*
Physical Review Letters, 122(21), p.212502_1 - 212502_6, 2019/05
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：25.43(Physics, Multidisciplinary)-delayed -ray spectroscopy of the neutron-rich isotopes Ag was carried out at RIBF, RIKEN. The long predicted 1/2
emitting isomers were identified in both nuclei for the first time. The new experimental results extend the systematic trend of energy spacing between the lowest 9/2
and 1/2 levels in Ag isotopes up to N=78, providing a clear signal for the reduction of the Z=40 subshell gap in Ag towards N=82. The tensor force is found to play a key role in the reduction of the Z=40 sub-shell gap.
