Tree cutting approach for domain partitioning on forest-of-octrees-based block-structured static adaptive mesh refinement with lattice Boltzmann method

長谷川 雄太; 青木 尊之*; 小林 宏充*; 井戸村 泰宏; 小野寺 直幸

Parallel Computing, 108, p.102851_1 - 102851_12, 2021/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parco.2021.102851

GPUスーパコンピュータに対して格子ボルツマン法(LBM: lattice Botltzmann method)およびforest-of-octreesに基づくブロック構造型の局所細分化格子(LMR: local mesh refinement)を用いた空力解析コードを実装し、その性能を評価した。性能評価の結果、従来の空間充填曲線(SFC; space-filling curve)に基づく領域分割アルゴリズムでは、本空力解析において袖領域通信のコストが過大となることがわかった。領域分割の改善手法として本稿では挿し木法を提案し、領域分割の局所性とトポロジーを改善し、従来のSFCに基づく手法に比べて通信コストを1/31/4に削減した。強スケーリング測定では、最大で1.82倍の高速化を示し、128GPUで2207MLUPS(mega-lattice update per second)の性能を達成した。弱スケーリング測定では、8128GPUで93.4%の並列化効率を示し、最大規模の128GPU計算では44.73億格子点を用いて9620MLUPSの性能を達成した。

LOCA時燃料破断限界評価の信頼性向上を目指して; 不確かさ定量化手法の開発と高燃焼度化の影響評価

成川 隆文

日本原子力学会誌ATOMO, 63(11), p.780 - 785, 2021/11

https://doi.org/10.3327/jaesjb.63.11_780

冷却材喪失事故時の軽水炉燃料被覆管の破断限界評価の信頼性向上を目指した原子力機構の取り組みとして、ベイズ統計手法による不確かさの定量化手法の開発、並びに燃焼の進展及び被覆管材質の変更の影響評価に関する研究を紹介する。

Temperature effects on local structure, phase transformation, and mechanical properties of calcium silicate hydrates

Im, S.*; Jee, H.*; Suh, H.*; 兼松 学*; 諸岡 聡; 小山 拓*; 西尾 悠平*; 町田 晃彦*; Kim, J.*; Bae, S.*

Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 104(9), p.4803 - 4818, 2021/09

https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.17881

This study aims to elucidate the effect of heating on the local atomic arrangements, structure, phase transformation, and mechanical properties of synthesized calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H). The alteration in the atomic arrangement of the synthesized C-S-H (Ca/Si = 0.8) and the formation of crystalline phases that occurred in three distinct transformation stages of dehydration (105-200 C), decomposition (300-600 C), and recrystallization (700-1000 C) were investigated via powder X-ray diffraction, Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Further, the deformation of the local atomic bonding environment and variations in mechanical properties during the three stages were assessed via pair distribution function analysis based on in-situ total X-ray scattering. The results revealed that the C-S-H paste before heating exhibited a lower elastic modulus in real space than that in the reciprocal space in the initial loading stage because water molecules acted as a lubricant in the interlayer. At the dehydration stage, the strain as a function of external loading exhibited irregular deformation owing to the formation of additional pores induced by the evaporation of free moisture. At the decomposition stage, the structural deformation of the main d-spacing (d 3.0 ) was similar to that of the real space before the propagation of microcracks. At the recrystallization stage, the elastic modulus increased to 48 GPa owing to the thermal phase transformation of C-S-H to crystalline -wollastonite. The results provide direct experimental evidence of the micro- and nanostructural deformation behavior of C-S-H pastes after exposure to high temperature under external loading.

Data report of ROSA/LSTF experiment SB-PV-09; 1.9% pressure vessel top small break LOCA with SG depressurization and gas inflow

竹田 武司

JAEA-Data/Code 2021-006, 61 Pages, 2021/04

JAEA-Data-Code-2021-006.pdf:2.78MB

ROSA-V計画において、大型非定常実験装置(LSTF)を用いた実験(実験番号: SB-PV-09)が2005年11月17日に行われた。ROSA/LSTF SB-PV-09実験では、加圧水型原子炉(PWR)の1.9%圧力容器頂部小破断冷却材喪失事故を模擬した。このとき、非常用炉心冷却系(ECCS)である高圧注入系の全故障と蓄圧注入(ACC)タンクから一次系への非凝縮性ガス(窒素ガス)の流入を仮定した。実験では、上部ヘッドに形成される水位が破断流量に影響を与えることを見出した。アクシデントマネジメント(AM)策として、両ループの蒸気発生器(SG)逃し弁開放によるSG二次側減圧を炉心出口最高温度が623Kに到達した時点で開始した。SG二次側圧力が一次系圧力に低下するまで、このAM策は一次系減圧に対して有効とならなかった。一方、炉心出口温度の応答が遅くかつ緩慢であるため、模擬燃料棒の被覆管表面最高温度がLSTFの炉心保護のために予め決定した値(958K)を超えたとき、炉心出力は自動的に低下した。炉心出力の自動低下後、低温側配管内でのACC水と蒸気の凝縮により両ループのループシールクリアリング(LSC)が誘発された。LSC後、炉心水位が回復して炉心はクエンチした。ACCタンクから窒素ガスの流入開始後、一次系とSG二次側の圧力差が大きくなった。ECCSである低圧注入系の作動を通じた継続的な炉心冷却を確認後、実験を終了した。本報告書は、ROSA/LSTF SB-PV-09実験の手順、条件および実験で観察された主な結果をまとめたものである。

Comparison between passive reactor cavity cooling systems based on atmospheric radiation and atmospheric natural circulation

高松 邦吉; 松元 達也*; Liu, W.*; 守田 幸路*

Annals of Nuclear Energy, 151, p.107867_1 - 107867_11, 2021/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2020.107867

受動的安全性を備えた新しい炉容器冷却システム(RCCS)を提案する。RCCSは連続した2つの閉じた領域から構成される。1つは原子炉圧力容器(RPV)を囲む領域、もう1つは大気と熱交換をする冷却領域である。新しいRCCSはRPVから発生した熱を輻射や自然対流によって除去する。最終的なヒートシンクは大気であるため、電気的または機械的に駆動する機器は不要である。RCCSの特徴を理解するために、受動的安全性および除熱量の制御方法について、大気放射を用いたRCCSと大気の自然循環を用いたRCCSを比較した。受動的安全性の大小関係は、熱伝導輻射自然対流の順である。よって、前者のRCCSは後者のRCCSより、受動的安全性が高いことがわかった。また、除熱量を制御する方法については、前者のRCCSは伝熱面積を変えるだけである一方、後者のRCCSは煙突効果を変える必要がある。つまり、ダクト内の空気抵抗を変える必要がある。よって、前者のRCCSは後者のRCCSより、簡単に除熱量を制御できることがわかった。

Validation of analysis models on relocation behavior of molten core materials in sodium-cooled fast reactors based on the melt discharge experiment

五十嵐 魁*; 大貫 涼二*; 堺 公明*; 加藤 慎也; 松場 賢一; 神山 健司

Proceedings of 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE 2020) (Internet), 6 Pages, 2020/08

https://doi.org/10.1115/ICONE2020-16440

In order to improve the safety of nuclear power plants, it is necessary to make sure measures against their severe accidents. Especially, in the case of a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), there is a possibility of significant energy release due to formation of a large-scale molten fuel pool accompanied by re-criticality in the event of a core disruptive accident (CDA). It is important to ensure in-vessel retention that keeps and confines damaged core material in the reactor vessel even if the CDA occurs. CDA scenario initiated by Unprotected Loss Of Flow (ULOF), which is a typical cause of core damage, is generally categorized into four phases according to the progression of core-disruptive status, which are the initiating, early-discharge, material-relocation and heat-removal phases for the latest design in Japan. During the material-relocation phase, the molten core material flows down mainly through the control rod guide tube and is discharged into the inlet coolant plenum below the bottom of the core. The discharged molten core material collides with the bottom plate of the inlet plenum. Clarification of the accumulation behavior of molten core material with such a collision on the bottom plate is important to reduce uncertainties in the safety assessment of CDA. In present study, in order to make clear behavior of core melt materials during the CDAs of SFRs, analysis was conducted using the SIMMER-III code for a melt discharge simulation experiment in which low-melting-point alloy was discharged into a shallow water pool. This report shows the validation results for the melt behavior by comparing with the experimental data.

Development of experimental technology for simulated fuel-assembly heating to address core-material-relocation behavior during severe accident

阿部 雄太; 山下 拓哉; 佐藤 一憲; 中桐 俊男; 石見 明洋

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science, 6(2), p.021113_1 - 021113_9, 2020/04

https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4045450

The authors are developing an experimental technology for simulating severe accident (SA) conditions using simulate fuel material (ZrO) that would contribute, not only to Fukushima Daiichi (1F) decommissioning, but also to enhance the safety of worldwide existing and future nuclear power plants through clarification of accident progression behavior. Nontransfer (NTR) type plasma, which has been in practical use with a large torch capacity as high as 2 MW, has the potential to heat subject materials to very high temperatures without selecting the target to be heated. When simulating 1F with SA code, the target of this core-material-melting and relocation (CMMR) experiment was to confirm that NTR plasma has a sufficient heating performance realizing large temperature gradients ( 2000 K/m) expected under 1F conditions. The authors selected NTR-type plasma-heating technology that has the advantage of continuous heating in addition to its high-temperature level. The CMMR-2 experiments were carried out in 2017 applying the improved technology (higher heating power and controlled oxygen concentration). The CMMR-2 experiment adopted a 30-min heating period, wherein the power was increased to a level where a large temperature gradient was expected at the lower part of the core under actual 1F accident conditions. Most of the control blade and channel box migrated from the original position. After heating, the simulated fuel assembly was measured by X-ray computed tomography (CT) technology and by electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). CT pictures and elemental mapping demonstrated its excellent performance with rather good precision. Based on these results, an excellent perspective, in terms of applicability of the NTR-type plasma-heating technology to the SA experimental study, was obtained.

Fracture limit of high-burnup advanced fuel cladding tubes under loss-of-coolant accident conditions

成川 隆文; 天谷 政樹

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 57(1), p.68 - 78, 2020/01

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2019.1659873

To evaluate the fracture limit of high-burnup advanced fuel cladding tubes under loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) conditions, laboratory-scale integral thermal shock tests were performed using the following advanced fuel cladding tubes with burnups of 73 - 85 GWd/t: M-MDA, low-tin ZIRLO, M5, and Zircaloy-2 (LK3). In total eight integral thermal shock tests were performed for these specimens, simulating LOCA conditions including ballooning and rupture, oxidation, hydriding, and quenching. During the tests, the specimens were oxidized to 10% - 30% equivalent cladding reacted (ECR) at approximately 1473 K and were quenched under axial restraint load of approximately 520 - 530 N. The effects of burnup extension and use of the advanced fuel cladding tubes on the ballooning and rupture, oxidation, and hydriding under LOCA conditions were inconsiderable. Further, the high-burnup advanced fuel cladding tube specimens did not fracture in the ECR values equal to or lower than the fracture limits of the unirradiated Zircaloy-4 cladding tube reported in previous studies. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fracture limit of fuel cladding tubes is not significantly reduced by extending the burnup to approximately 85 GWd/t and using the advanced fuel cladding tubes, though it slightly decreases with increasing initial hydrogen concentration.

Behavior of high-burnup advanced LWR fuel cladding tubes under LOCA conditions

成川 隆文; 天谷 政樹

Proceedings of International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference / Light Water Reactor Fuel Performance Conference (Global/Top Fuel 2019) (USB Flash Drive), p.912 - 921, 2019/09

To evaluate behavior of high-burnup advanced light-water-reactor fuel cladding tubes under loss-of-coolant accident conditions, laboratory-scale isothermal oxidation tests and integral thermal shock tests were performed using the following advanced fuel cladding tubes with burnups of 73-85 GWd/t: M-MDA, low-tin ZIRLO, M5textregistered, and Zircaloy-2 (LK3). The isothermal oxidation tests were performed in steam-flowing conditions at temperatures ranging from 1173 to 1473 K for durations between 120 and 4000 s. The oxidation kinetics of the high-burnup advanced fuel cladding tube specimens was comparable to or slower than that of the unirradiated Zircaloy-4 cladding tube and was slower than that given by the Baker-Just oxidation rate equation. Therefore, the oxidation kinetics is considered to be not significantly accelerated by extending the burnup and changing the alloy composition. During the integral thermal shock tests, the high-burnup advanced fuel cladding tube specimens did not fracture under the oxidation condition equivalent to or lower than the fracture limit of the unirradiated Zircaloy-4 cladding tube. Therefore, the fracture limit of fuel cladding tubes is considered to be not significantly reduced by extending the burnup and changing the alloy composition, though it may slightly decrease with increasing initial hydrogen concentration.

第7回核燃料部会賞(奨励賞)を受賞して

成川 隆文

核燃料, (54-2), P. 3, 2019/07

「ジルカロイ-4被覆管の冷却材喪失事故時急冷破断限界に関する不確かさ定量化及び低減手法の開発」が評価され、日本原子力学会の第7回核燃料部会賞(奨励賞)を受賞した。今回の受賞に関する所感を同部会報に寄稿する。