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Tei, C.; Otaka, Masahiko; Kuwahara, Daisuke*
Chemical Physics Letters, 829, p.140755_1 - 140755_6, 2023/10
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：19.67(Chemistry, Physical)We were able to detect the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal of a liquid sodium clinging to the interface of solid metal particles for the first time. In this study, we confirmed the difference in the relaxation times due to the difference in the interactions between liquid sodium and metal particles suspended in the liquid sodium. It was found that the surface of the micro titanium particles and liquid metallic sodium interact physically, not chemically.
Ariyoshi, Gen; Saruta, Koichi; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Maeno, Koki*; Li, Y.*; Tsutsui, Kihei*
Proceedings of 20th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-20) (Internet), p.1407 - 1420, 2023/08
Cavitation damage on a target vessel due to proton beam-induced pressure waves is one of the crucial issues for the pulsed neutron source using a mercury spallation target. As a mitigation technique for the damage, the helium microbubble injection into the mercury has been carried out by using a swirl bubbler in order to utilize compressibility of bubbles. Moreover, double-walled structure, which consists of an outer wall and an inner wall, has been applied as the target head structure. In this study, we aim to develop an abnormality diagnostic technology to detect the inner wall cracking, which is caused by such cavitation damage, from the outside of the target vessel. The mercury flow fields in the case with the cracking are evaluated by computational fluid dynamics analysis based on finite element method. And then, effect of the cracking on the flow field is discussed from the point of view of the flow-induced vibration and the acoustic vibration.
ceramicsVauchy, R.; Hirooka, Shun; Watanabe, Masashi; Yokoyama, Keisuke; Sunaoshi, Takeo*; Yamada, Tadahisa*; Nakamichi, Shinya; Murakami, Tatsutoshi
Ceramics International, 49(2), p.3058 - 3065, 2023/01
Times Cited Count：10 Percentile：63.84(Materials Science, Ceramics)Ariyoshi, Gen; Obayashi, Hironari; Sasa, Toshinobu
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 59(9), p.1071 - 1088, 2022/09
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：18.18(Nuclear Science & Technology)Electromagnetic induction method is one of the effective techniques for local velocity measurement in heavy liquid metals. Ricou and Vives' probe and Von Weissenfluh's probe are famous instrumentations using a permanent magnet. However, sensitivity and measurement volume of the probes show unexpected variation since demagnetization of the magnet is occurred by temperature increase up to the Curie temperature. In this study, electromagnetic probe incorporating a miniature electromagnet was newly developed to overcome such unexpected variation. The diameter and the length of the sensor was 6 mm and 155 mm, respectively. The sensitivity and the measurement volume of the probe were assessed by measurement of local velocity of flowing mercury in a square channel. To clarify the validity for the measured velocity profiles, numerical velocity profiles were calculated and compared with experiment. And the validity for the measured velocity profiles were confirmed by calculated result.
Suzuki, Tomoya*; Ogata, Takeshi*; Tanaka, Mikiya*; Kobayashi, Toru; Shiwaku, Hideaki; Yaita, Tsuyoshi; Narita, Hirokazu*
Analytical Sciences, 35(12), p.1353 - 1360, 2019/12
Times Cited Count：5 Percentile：19.08(Chemistry, Analytical)no abstracts in English
Kondo, Hiroo*; Kanemura, Takuji*; Park, C. H.*; Oyaizu, Makoto*; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Furukawa, Tomohiro
Fusion Engineering and Design, 146(Part A), p.285 - 288, 2019/09
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：9.42(Nuclear Science & Technology)Herein, the wall shear stress in a double contraction nozzle has been evaluated experimentally to produce a liquid lithium (Li) target as a beam target for intense fusion neutron sources such as the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF), the Advanced Fusion Neutron Source (A-FNS), and the DEMO Oriented Neutron Source (DONES). The boundary layer thickness and wall shear stress are essential physical parameters to understand erosion-corrosion by the high-speed liquid Li flow in the nozzle, which is the key component in producing a stable Li target. Therefore, these parameters were experimentally evaluated using an acrylic mock-up of the target assembly. The velocity distribution in the nozzle was measured by a laser-doppler velocimeter and the momentum thickness along the nozzle wall was calculated using an empirical prediction method. The resulting momentum thickness was used to estimate the variation of the wall shear stress along the nozzle wall. Consequently, the wall shear stress was at the maximum in the second convergent section in front of the nozzle exit.
Matsushita, Kentaro; Ito, Kei*; Ezure, Toshiki; Tanaka, Masaaki
Dai-24-Kai Doryoku, Enerugi Gijutsu Shimpojiumu Koen Rombunshu (USB Flash Drive), 5 Pages, 2019/06
In the design study on a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), a numerical simulation code named SYRENA has been developed in Japan Atomic Energy Agency to analyze the behavior of gas bubbles and/or dissolved gas in the primary coolant system. In the present study, the effect of the non-condensable gas entrainment at the free surface on the bubble and the dissolved gas behavior in the primary coolant system were investigated for a typical pool type reactor, and also effect of a dipped-plate (D/P) installed below the free surface in the reactor vessel to suppress the gas bubble entrainment into the primary coolant system was especially investigated. It was clarified that the D/P was influential to the non-condensable gas behavior and the molar flow rate of gas bubbles in the primary coolant system varies depending on the relationship between the gas entrainment rate at the free surface and the exchange flow rate through the D/P.
Matsushita, Kentaro; Ito, Kei*; Ezure, Toshiki; Tanaka, Masaaki
Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2019/05
A numerical simulation code named SYRENA has been developed in JAEA to analyze the behavior of entrained bubbles and dissolved gas in the primary coolant of sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). In the present study, a flow network model of SYRENA to a hypothetical pool type reactor was developed and the non-condensable gas behavior was investigated through the comparison with that in the loop type reactor. The effect of the dipped-plate (D/P) tentatively introduced into the pool-type reactor on the gas behavior was investigated through the parametric analyses about the sodium exchange flow rate through the D/P and the gas entrainment rate at the free surface. It was suggested that the increase in the exchange flow rate through the D/P doesn't always work to decrease the bubble volume in the primary coolant system.
Kondo, Hiroo*; Kanemura, Takuji*; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Furukawa, Tomohiro
Fusion Engineering and Design, 136(Part A), p.24 - 28, 2018/11
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：19.17(Nuclear Science & Technology)In the IFMIF-EVEDA project, we designed and constructed the IFMIF-EVEDA Li Test Loop (ELTL), and we performed experiments to validate the stability of the Li target. This project required a diagnostic tool to be developed in order to examine the Li target; as such, we developed a unique laser-based method that we call the laser-probe method; this method combines a high-precision laser distance meter with a statistical data analysis method. Following the successful development of the laser-probe method, we proposes a long-distance-measurement of the laser probe method (long-distance LP method) as a diagnostics tool in off-beam conditions for IFMIF or the relevant neutron sources. In this study, the measurement uncertainty resulting from coherency of the laser in a long-distance-measurement has been verified by using stationary objects and a water jet simulating the liquid Li target.
Futakawa, Masatoshi
Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Advanced Science and Technology in Experimental Mechanics (13th ISEM'18) (USB Flash Drive), 6 Pages, 2018/10
Issues on the engineering technologies relating to high-power spallation neutron sources with liquid metals are introduced. The present status on research activities and results was reviewed.
Kondo, Masatoshi*; Okubo, Nariaki; Irisawa, Eriko; Komatsu, Atsushi; Ishikawa, Norito; Tanaka, Teruya*
Energy Procedia, 131, p.386 - 394, 2017/12
Times Cited Count：10 Percentile：97.26(Energy & Fuels)The chemical behaviors of lead (Pb) based coolants in the air ingress accident of fast reactors were investigated by means of the thermodynamic considerations and the static oxidation experiments for Pb alloys at various chemical compositions. The results of the static oxidation tests for lead-bismuth (Pb-Bi) alloys indicated that Pb was depleted from the alloy due to the preferential formation of PbO in air at 773K. Pb-Bi oxide and BiO
were formed after the enrichment of Bi in the alloys due to the Pb depletion. The oxidation rates of the alloys were much larger than that of the steels, and became larger with higher Pb concentration in the alloys. The compatibility of Pb-Bi alloys with stainless steel was worse when the Pb concentration in the alloys became low, since the dissolution type corrosion was promoted by the Bi composition in the alloy. The Pb-Li alloys were oxidized as they formed LiPbO and LiCO. Then, Li was depleted from the alloy.
Irisawa, Eriko; Kato, Chiaki; Kamoshida, Michio*; Hakamatsuka, Yasuyuki*; Ueno, Fumiyoshi; Yamamoto, Masahiro
Proceedings of European Corrosion Congress 2017 (EUROCORR 2017) and 20th ICC & Process Safety Congress 2017 (USB Flash Drive), 9 Pages, 2017/09
Sasa, Toshinobu
JAEA-Review 2015-042, 213 Pages, 2016/03
JAEA-Review-2015-042.pdf:166.0MB
The first topical meeting on Asian Network for Accelerator-driven System (ADS) and Nuclear Transmutation Technology (NTT) was held on 26-27 October 2015 at the J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan. The meeting was an optional one in-between the regular meeting, which will be held in every second year. Instead of the regular meeting, which covers all research fields for ADS and NTT, such as accelerator, spallation target, subcritical reactor, fuel, and material, this topical meeting is focused on the specific topic to make technical discussions more deeply. In this meeting, the technology for lead-bismuth eutectic alloy was selected as one of the hot issues in the world and had deep discussions with specialists in Asian countries. Through the discussion, the importance of cooperation in Again region is recognized to solve the issues for application of LBE. This report summarizes all presentation materials discussed in the meeting.
Shimada, Michiya; Miyazawa, Junichi*
Purazuma, Kaku Yugo Gakkai-Shi, 92(2), p.119 - 124, 2016/02
Actively convected liquid metal divertor is promising for providing a solution for issues of DEMO reactors including heat removal and disruptions. This chapter gives an overview of the motivation, research history, recent development, future perspective and issues to be resolved.
Itami, Toshio*; Saito, Junichi; Ara, Kuniaki
Metals, 5(3), p.1212 - 1240, 2015/09
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：3.38(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)A new kind of suspension liquid was developed by dispersing Ti nanoparticles (10 nm) in liquid Na, which was then determined by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) analysis. The volume fraction was estimated to be 0.0088 from the analyzed Ti concentration (2 at.%) and the densities of Ti and Na. This suspension liquid, Liquid Sodium containing nanoparticles of titanium (LSnanop), shows, despite only a small addition of Ti nanoparticles, many striking features, namely a negative deviation of 3.9% from the ideal solution for the atomic volume, an increase of 17% in surface tension, a decrease of 11% for the reaction heat to water, and the suppression of chemical reactivity to water and oxygen. The decrease in reaction heat to water seems to be derived from the existence of excess cohesive energy of LSnanop. The excess cohesive energy was discussed based on simple theoretical analyses, with particular emphasis on the screening effect. The suppression of reactivity is discussed with the relation to the decrease of heat of reaction to water or the excess cohesive energy, surface tension, the action as a plug of Ti oxide, negative adsorption on the surface of LSnanop, and percolation.
Shimada, Michiya; Hirooka, Yoshihiko*
Nuclear Fusion, 54(12), p.122002_1 - 122002_7, 2014/12
Times Cited Count：40 Percentile：86.30(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Tungsten is considered to be the most promising material for divertor in a fusion reactor. Tungsten divertor can withstand the heat loads of ITER, but the heat loads of DEMO divertor is a challenge. Pulsive heat loads as those associated with disruption could melt tungsten targets. The surface would not be flat after subsequent resolidification, which would significantly deteriorate its heat handling capability. Furthermore, DBTT of tungsten is rather high: 
400
C, which would become even higher after neutron irradiation, possibly resulting in cracks in tungsten. Our proposal is to use liquid metal for the divertor target material and actively circulate it with 
force. A simplified analysis of mhd equation in a cylindrical geometry suggests that the engineering requirement is modest. This analysis suggests that this new divertor concept merits further investigation.
Ito, Kei; Tanaka, Masaaki; Ohno, Shuji; Ohshima, Hiroyuki
JAEA-Research 2014-023, 34 Pages, 2014/11
JAEA-Research-2014-023.pdf:4.48MB
In a sodium-cooled fast reactor, inert gas (bubbles or dissolved gas) exists in the primary coolant system. Such inert gas may cause disturbance in reactivity and/or degradation of IHX performance, and therefore, the inert gas behaviors have to be investigated to ensure the stable operation of a fast reactor. The authors have developed a plant dynamics code SYRENA to simulate the concentration distributions of the dissolved gas and the bubbles in a fast reactor. In this study, the models in SYRENA code are improved to achieve accurate simulations. Moreover, new models are introduced to simulate the various bubble behaviors in liquid metal flows. To validate the improved models and the newly developed models, the inert gas behaviors in the large-scale sodium-cooled reactor are simulated. As a result, it is confirmed that the complicated bubble dynamics in each component can be simulated appropriately by SYRENA code.
Shimada, Michiya; Hirooka, Yoshihiko*; Zhou, H.*
Europhysics Conference Abstracts (Internet), 38F, p.O2.110_1 - O2.110_4, 2014/00
Tungsten is considered to be most promising candidate for divertor target material for fusion reactor. Although tungsten target can withstand the heat loads of ITER, the heat exhaust requirement for DEMO is much more demanding. Pulsive heat loads associated with disurption would melt the tungsten divertor target. Melting and subsequent resolidification will roughen the tungsten surface, significantly deteriorating the heat handling capability. Further, tungsten has a rather high DBTT (Ductile-Brittle-Transition temperature) of 400C. Neutron irradiation would further increase the DBTT, which could result in cracks. In view of these issues, liquid metal divertor is proposed, which is actively circulated with the Lorentz force introduced through the electrodes in the liquid metal. A modest flow speed of 0.3 m/s seems to be adequate for the heat load exhaust of DEMO. A simple treatment of MHD equation in a cylindrical geometry suggests that the requirements on the current and voltage are modest if the ramp-up of current is made slowly (e.g. in a minute), implying that the this concept is worth further study.
Yutani, Toshiaki*; Nakamura, Hiroo; Sugimoto, Masayoshi
JAERI-Tech 2005-036, 10 Pages, 2005/06
JAERI-Tech-2005-036.pdf:2.06MB
In the high flux region of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF), the neutron irradiation damage for iron-based alloys will exceed 20 dpa/ year. An accurate specimen temperature measurement under a large amount of nuclear heating is a key issue but the change of heat transfer of gap between irradiation specimens and specimen holder during irradiation test is inevitable, if gap is filled with an inert gas and temperature is monitored by a thermocouple buried in the specimen holder. A solution to make heat transfer predictable is to fill the gap with a liquid metal (sodium or sodium-potassium alloy). An issue of compatibility between Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic steels and the liquid metalsis addressed in this paper, and some recommendations for designing irradiation rig are presented, such as a purification control before filling liquid metals, or a careful selection of material of rig to avoid carbon mass transfer.
C and 550CKurata, Yuji; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Saito, Shigeru
JAERI-Research 2005-002, 37 Pages, 2005/02
JAERI-Research-2005-002.pdf:20.04MB
Static corrosion tests of various austenitic and ferritic/martensitic steels were conducted in oxygen-saturated liquid Pb-Bi at 450C and 550C for 3000h to study the effects of temperature and alloying elements on corrosion behavior. Oxidation, grain boundary corrosion, dissolution and penetration were observed. The corrosion depth decreases at 450C with increasing Cr content in steels regardless of ferritic/martensitic or austenitic steels. Appreciable dissolution of Ni and Cr does not occur in the three austenitic steels at 450C. The corrosion depth of ferritic/martensitic steels also decreases at 550C with increasing Cr content whereas the corrosion depth of austenitic steels, JPCA and 316ss becomes larger due to ferritization caused by dissolution of Ni at 550C than that of ferritic/martensitic steels. An austenitic stainless steel containing about 5%Si exhibits fine corrosion resistance at 550C because the protective Si oxide film is formed and prevents dissolution of Ni and Cr.
