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Cho, K.*; 山下 葵平*; 角谷 心之輔*; 齊藤 拓馬*; 佐々木 泰祐*; 澤泉 克彦*; 奥川 将行*; 小泉 雄一郎*; 眞山 剛*; 菊川 泰地*; et al.
Acta Materialia, 303, p.121696_1 - 121696_18, 2026/01
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：80.50(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The deformation behavior and strengthening mechanism of Inconel 718 with a hierarchical structure composed of microscale crystallographic lamellar microstructure (CLM) and nanoscale cellular structure, fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, were clarified via nanoscale microstructural and in-situ neutron diffraction analyses. The CLM is a layered structure parallel to the building direction (BD) and consists of relatively wide main and narrow sub-layers with 
110
and 100 orientations, respectively, with respect to BD. This is the first study to demonstrate that the yield stress of the alloys depends strongly on deformation stresses of the sub-layers, even though Schmid factors of the primary slip system for both layers are the same. The sub-layer continues to deform elastically even beyond the micro-yield point of the main layer, which results in the macroscopic strengthening at an early stage of deformation. On the other hand, the cellular structure is formed in both layers, associated with a dendritic cell growth along 100 direction, Nb segregation between the cells and an accumulation of dislocations to decrease a residual stress. The cell boundaries with numerous dislocations and Nb segregation act as a strong barrier to dislocation motion resulting in a stress increase through the Hall-Petch law, even though they are low-angle grain boundaries. The spacing and morphology of the cell boundary depend strongly on fabrication conditions. The optimized cellular structure provides significant strengthening comparable to or greater than that caused by large-angle grain boundaries, thereby increasing the macroscopic strength of the alloys through hardening of the sub-layer.
and L1
phase in deformation behaviors of additively manufactured FeCrNiAlTi alloyWang, X.*; Wang, Y.*; Gong, W.; Wu, W.*; Zhang, Y.*; Harjo, S.; Yang, Z.*; Chen, H.*
International Journal of Plasticity, 195, p.104502_1 - 104502_16, 2025/12
Precipitation hardening strengthens FCC alloys but often reduces ductility. This study shows that precipitates can also modify deformation behavior to mitigate this trade-off. An FeCrNiAlTi FCC alloy fabricated by laser additive manufacturing contains incoherent L2 precipitates at cell walls and coherent L1 precipitates within cells. By controlling precipitation, an excellent strength-ductility balance was achieved at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. High-density precipitates provide strengthening while promoting deformation-induced stacking faults and twinning, thereby enhancing work hardening via strain heterogeneity. In situ neutron diffraction indicates that post-yield lattice strain governs stacking fault and twin formation. Simulations show that interfacial misfit of the L2 phase and the size and spacing of the L1 phase amplify local strain.
Jeong, S. G.*; Kwon, J.*; Kim, E. S.*; Prasad, K.*; Harjo, S.; Gong, W.; 川崎 卓郎; Estrin, Y.*; Bouaziz, O.*; Hong, S. I.*; et al.
Materials Science & Engineering A, 942, p.148712_1 - 148712_11, 2025/10
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：51.29(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)The cellular structure plays a key role in determining the mechanical properties of metal additive manufacturing (MAM) components. This study presents in situ neutron diffraction and dislocation density-based modeling for a CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) made via directed energy deposition (DED). A constitutive model based on the Kocks-Mecking-Estrin framework was used to represent the cellular structure. Parametric analysis showed lower dislocation accumulation and annihilation rates in the as-built sample (with cellular structure) than in the heat-treated one. These differences are linked to dislocation forest networks and local stacking fault energy variations. Dislocation density across cell interiors and walls was also compared with deformation-induced dislocation cells.
neutron diffractionLiu, Y.*; Yan, Z.*; Gao, Y.*; Li, Y.*; Gan, B.*; Harjo, S.; Gong, W.; 川崎 卓郎; Li, S.*; Wang, Y.-D.*
Microstructures (Internet), 5(4), p.2025096_1 - 2025096_15, 2025/10
The micromechanical behaviors and dislocation evolution in a polycrystalline Ni-Co-based superalloy were systematically investigated by 
neutron diffraction tensile testing combined with line profile analysis. The results reveal the sequential activation of 
' shearing and Orowan looping mechanisms, with interphase load partitioning governed by strain-dependent interactions of dislocation and precipitate. During the initial plastic deformation, the and ' phases undergo co-deformation through dislocation shearing without load transfer, while the Orowan looping facilitates the load transfer from to ' phase at a higher strain level. Furthermore, the low stacking fault energy leads to a rising fraction of screw dislocations by suppressing cross-slip. Crucially, the pinning effect of ' precipitates hinders the rearrangement of these dislocations into low-energy structures, resulting in the formation of high-energy, weakly screened dislocation configurations. These findings provide new evidence for the planar slip dominance in Ni-Co-based superalloys, enabling quantitative assessment of microstructural evolution and micromechanical responses.
ders band-assisted high uniform ductility in ultrastrong ferrous medium-entropy alloy via hierarchical microstructureKwon, H.*; Lee, J. H.*; Zargaran, A.*; Harjo, S.; Gong, W.; Wang, J.*; Gu, G. H.*; Lee, B.-J.*; Bae, J. W.*; Kim, H. S.*
International Journal of Plasticity, 190, p.104378_1 - 104378_18, 2025/07
被引用回数：11 パーセンタイル：95.64(Engineering, Mechanical)In this work, we harness a hierarchical microstructure to simultaneously tailor strengthening and deformation mechanisms in a Co
Cr
Fe
Ni
Mo
(at%) ferrous medium-entropy alloy (MEA). A simple thermomechanical process (cold rolling and 90 s annealing) produces ultrafine recrystallized grains, non-recrystallized grains with substructures, and intragranular nanoprecipitates. This structure, with high dislocation density and fine grains, yields a high strength of 
1.60 GPa but can risk premature fracture. To overcome this, Lders deformation, enabled by ultrafine grain boundaries and stress-induced martensitic transformation at pre-existing nucleation sites, is employed. Stable Lders band propagation delays strain hardening and enables large uniform ductility. As a result, a tensile strength of 1.84 GPa and uniform elongation of 20% are achieved, matching the best tensile properties among reported multi-principal element alloys.
Naeem, M.*; Rehman, A. U.*; Romero Resendiz, L.*; Salamci, E.*; Aydin, H.*; Ansari, P.*; Harjo, S.; Gong, W.; Wang, X.-L.*; 他3名*
Communications Materials (Internet), 6, p.65_1 - 65_13, 2025/04
The need for lightweight materials with mechanical integrity at ultralow temperatures drives the development of advanced alloys for cryogenic use. Additive manufacturing via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) offers a scalable way to create alloys with tailored properties. Here, we show that LPBF-processed Al10SiMg exhibits a high ultimate tensile strength (395 MPa) and uniform elongation (25%) at 15 K. These enhancements stem from grain refinement, increased geometrically necessary dislocations, and stress partitioning between the Al matrix and the stiffer Si phase, aiding strain accommodation. 
neutron diffraction reveals that the Si phase, with its higher yield strength, bears most of the load, while the Al matrix undergoes continuous strain hardening, extending deformation capacity. These results highlight Al10SiMg's promise for cryogenic applications such as hydrogen storage, aerospace, and quantum computing hardware.
町田 真一*; 服部 高典; 中野 智志*; 佐野 亜沙美; 舟越 賢一*; 阿部 淳*
高圧力の科学と技術, 34(3), p.134 - 142, 2024/09
J-PARC物質・生命科学実験施設PLANETビームラインにおいて、高圧中性子回折実験用ダイヤモンドアンビルセル(DAC)を開発した。高圧発生には円錐形状で支持されたダイヤモンドアンビルを用いた。その結果、69.4GPaまでのDO氷の中性子データを得ることに成功した。また、中性子回折測定に適したガスケット材料を検討した。11種類の合金を試験し、SUS304, Inconel718, M2052 (73Mn-20Cu-5Ni-2Fe, at%)合金が優れた性能を示した。特にM2052ヌルマトリクス合金は、入射ビームがガスケットに当たることが避けられない中性子回折実験に有用であることが実証された。われわれは、DO氷に対して少なくとも43.3GPaまでリートベルト解析が可能な中性子回折プロファイルを得ることができた。
neutron diffractionZhou, Y.*; Song, W.*; Zhang, F.*; Wu, Y.*; Lei, Z.*; Jiao, M.*; Zhang, X.*; Dong, J.*; Zhang, Y.*; Yang, M.*; et al.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 971, p.172635_1 - 172635_7, 2024/01
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：33.32(Chemistry, Physical)The grain orientation-dependent lattice strain evolution of a (TiZrHfNb)
refractory high-entropy alloy (HEA) during tensile loading has been investigated using neutron diffraction. The equivalent strain-hardening rate of each of the primary 
-oriented grain families was found to be relatively low, manifesting the macroscopically weak work-hardening ability of such a body-centered cubic (BCC)-structured HEA. This finding is indicative of a dislocation planar slip mode that is confined in a few single-slip planes and leads to in-plane softening by high pile-up stresses.
Harjo, S.
日本結晶学会誌, 65(3), p.178 - 182, 2023/08
Observations of deformation behavior of high entropy alloys using neutron diffraction measurements during deformation at various temperatures are reviewed. Neutrons are used to investigate stresses and crystallographic microstructures inside engineering materials, taking advantage of their large penetrating power and the ability to see the arrangement of atoms by diffraction methods. The important structural details of high entropy alloys such as internal stresses, phase conditions, dislocations, texture etc. are discussed in relation to the deformation conditions. Some highlights are introduced: (a) Cooperative deformation in CrMnFeCoNi alloy at ultralow temperatures, (b) Stacking fault energies in CrFeCoNi and CrCoNi alloys, and (c) Load redistribution in eutectic high entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi
during high temperature deformation.
Lam, T.-N.*; Chin, H.-H.*; Zhang, X.*; Feng, R.*; Wang, H.*; Chiang, C.-Y.*; Lee, S. Y.*; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.; Liaw, P. K.*; et al.
Acta Materialia, 245, p.118585_1 - 118585_9, 2023/02
被引用回数：37 パーセンタイル：90.14(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The present study investigates the crystallographic-texture effects on the improved fatigue resistance in the CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with the full-size geometry of the ASTM Standards E647-99. We exploited X-ray nano-diffraction mapping to characterize the crystal-deformation levels ahead of the crack tip after stress unloading under both constant- and tensile overloaded-fatigue conditions. The crack-tip blunting-induced much higher deformation level was concentrated surrounding the crack-tip which delays the fatigue-crack growth immediately after a tensile overload. The predominant deformation texture orientation in the Paris regime was investigated, using electron backscatter diffraction and orientation distribution function analyses. The twinning formation-driven shear deformation gave rise to the development of the Goss-type texture within the plastic deformation regime under a tensile-overloaded-fatigue condition, which was attributed to enhance the crack deflection and thus the tensile induced crack-growth-retardation period in the CoCrFeMnNi HEA.
垣内 一雄; 天谷 政樹; 宇田川 豊
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 573, p.154110_1 - 154110_7, 2023/01
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：19.94(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The irradiation growth behavior of coupon specimens prepared from improved Zr-based alloys for light-water reactor fuel cladding, which have various additive elements and fabrication conditions, was investigated by conducting an irradiation test at 573 and 593 K under typical PWR coolant conditions up to a fast-neutron fluence of 
7.8
10
(n/cm 
, E 1 MeV) in the Halden reactor in Norway. Based on the dimensional change data measured at interim and final inspections, the amounts of irradiation growth of the improved Zr-based alloys were formulated from the viewpoint of engineering. The trends of the parameters which express the effects of additive elements on irradiation growth behavior were in good agreement with those previously reported, and it was found that the amount of irradiation growth can be expressed by using a summation rule of the effect of each additive element on irradiation growth.
垣内 一雄; 天谷 政樹; 宇田川 豊
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 171, p.109004_1 - 109004_9, 2022/06
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：61.11(Nuclear Science & Technology)In order to understand the dimensional stability of the fuel rod during long-term use in commercial LWRs, an irradiation growth testing in the Halden reactor of Norway was conducted on various fuel cladding materials including the improved Zr alloy. In this paper, the effect of hydrogen, which was absorbed in the cladding tube due to corrosion, on the irradiation growth behavior was evaluated. Comparison between the specimens with or without pre-charged hydrogen revealed that the effect of hydrogen absorption, accelerating irradiation growth, became significant when the hydrogen content exceeded the hydrogen solubility limit in the corresponding irradiation temperature. Analysis based on this understanding derived growth acceleration effect (0.06
0.01)%/100 ppm, whose denominator is defined as the amount of absorbed hydrogen involved in hydride precipitation under irradiation as a relevant parameter.
永瀬 文久; 大友 隆; 上塚 寛*
Nuclear Technology, 208(3), p.484 - 493, 2022/03
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：32.33(Nuclear Science & Technology)Ag-In-Cd制御棒合金をアルゴンあるいは酸素中、1073-1673Kで60-3600s間加熱し、元素放出挙動を調べた。1123Kと1173Kの間の温度で合金の明らかな液化が起こるが、それ以下の温度では元素放出は少なかった。アルゴン中では、1173Kで3600s後に、1573Kでは60s後にほぼ全てのCdが放出されたが、AgとInの放出割合はそれぞれ3%以下及び8%以下であった。酸素中では、1573K以下でのCd放出は非常に少ないが、1673Kでは短時間に30-50%が放出された。調べた範囲では酸素中のAgとInの放出は少なかった。実験結果との比較から、従来の経験モデルはシビアアクシデント時に制御棒が破損した直後に相当する比較的低い温度範囲でCdの放出を過小評価している可能性がある。
Co
Ni
Al
TiMo medium-entropy alloy; In situ neutron diffraction analysisKwon, H.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Gong, W.; Jeong, S. G.*; Kim, E. S.*; Sathiyamoorthi, P.*; 加藤 秀実*; Kim, H. S.*
Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 23(1), p.579 - 586, 2022/00
被引用回数：20 パーセンタイル：66.72(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Metastability engineering is a strategy to enhance the strength and ductility of alloys via deliberately lowering phase stability and prompting deformation-induced martensitic transformation. In this work, the martensitic transformation and its effect on the mechanical response of a FeCoNiAlTiMo medium-entropy alloy (MEA) were studied by in situ neutron diffraction under tensile loading. This work shows how great a role FCC to BCC martensitic transformation can play in enhancing the mechanical properties of ferrous MEAs.
佐野 智一*; 詠村 嵩之*; 廣瀬 明夫*; 川人 洋介*; 片山 聖二*; 荒河 一渡*; 政木 清孝*; 城 鮎美*; 菖蒲 敬久; 佐野 雄二*
Metals, 9(11), p.1192_1 - 1192_13, 2019/11
被引用回数：22 パーセンタイル：64.84(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)本研究の目的は、ドライレーザーピーニング(DryLP)の有効性を検証することである。DryLPは、大気条件下でフェムト秒レーザーパルスを使用して、加工合金中の硬度,残留応力,疲労性能などの機械的特性を改善するピーニング技術である。レーザー溶接された2024アルミニウム合金にDryLP処理を施すと軟化した溶接金属は母材の元の硬度に回復し、溶接金属と熱影響部の残留引張応力は圧縮応力に変わった。疲労寿命は180MPaの引張圧縮試験でほぼ2倍になり、120MPaでは50倍以上増加した。以上から、DryLPは低応力振幅での溶接欠陥のあるレーザー溶接アルミニウム試験片の疲労性能を改善するのにより効果的であることを明らかにした。
清水 一行*; 林田 洋寿*; 戸田 裕之*; 甲斐 哲也; 松本 吉弘*; 松本 佳久*
日本金属学会誌, 83(11), p.434 - 440, 2019/11
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：4.22(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)Neutron imaging experiment was performed to visualize the distribution of solute hydrogen in an Al-10.1%Zn-1.2%Mg alloy and a pure palladium after hydrogen charging. Changes in the contrast of neutron transmission images caused by hydrogen were clearly observed in a palladium. In the wavelength range of 2-3 AA and 5-13.5 AA, the mean neutron transmission around the center of a hydrogen-charged palladium were 0.692 and 0.511, respectively. The hydrogen content in a palladium was estimated to be 10.8 mol% from the measured neutron transmission. This study has demonstrated that hydrogen content can be analyzed by considering the wavelength dependence of neutron intensity. On the other hand, hydrogen could not be observed from the neutron transmission image in Al-Zn-Mg alloys. This was due to the low hydrogen content, which was mass ppm level even after hydrogen charging, and statistical precision was not sufficient to discuss the amount of hydrogen of the mass ppm order.
天谷 政樹; 垣内 一雄; 三原 武
Proceedings of International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference / Light Water Reactor Fuel Performance Conference (Global/Top Fuel 2019) (USB Flash Drive), p.1048 - 1056, 2019/09
New fuel cladding alloys of which composition was changed from conventional ones have been developed by nuclear fuel vendors and utilities. Since the irradiation growth of fuel cladding is one of the most important parameters which determine the dimensional stability of fuel rod and/or fuel assembly during normal operation, the irradiation growth behavior of the improved Zr-based alloys for light-water reactor fuel cladding was investigated. The coupon specimens were prepared from fuel cladding tubes with various kinds of improved Zr-based alloys. The specimens were loaded into test rigs and had been irradiated in the Halden reactor in Norway under several coolant temperature conditions up to a fast-neutron fluence of 7.810 (n/cm, E 1 MeV). Irradiation conditions such as specimen temperatures had been continuously monitored during the irradiation. During and after the irradiation, the amount of irradiation growth of each specimen was evaluated as a part of the interim and final inspections. The effect of the difference in alloy composition on the amount of irradiation growth seemed insignificant if the other conditions e.g. the final heat treatment condition at fabrication and the irradiation temperature were the same.
涌井 隆; 石井 秀亮*; 直江 崇; 粉川 広行; 羽賀 勝洋; 若井 栄一; 高田 弘; 二川 正敏
Materials Transactions, 60(6), p.1026 - 1033, 2019/06
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：16.51(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)J-PARCの核破砕中性子源で使用する水銀ターゲット容器は、1.31.32.5m
と大きいため、使用済み容器の廃棄量を低減する観点で、損傷量の大きい前半部を分割できる構造を検討している。分割部のフランジには、高いシール性能(110
Pa・m/s以下)が必要である。このフランジの材料として、ビーム運転時の熱変形を低減するために低熱膨張材であるインバー合金は有望であるが、弾性係数が低いためボルト締結時の変形が大きくなる。実用上はステンレス鋼で補強するが、HIP接合により広い面積を全面にわたって確実に接合する条件を見出すことが課題であった。そこで、接合温度が異なる試験片(973, 1173, 1373及び1473K)について、引張試験及び数値解析による残留応力評価を行った。973Kで接合した試験片は、拡散層厚さが殆どなく接合界面で破断した。引張強度は、接合温度の上昇とともに減少し、1473Kの場合、約10%低下した。接合面近傍の残留応力は最大50%増加した。これらの結果から、1173Kが最適な接合温度であることを結論付けた。
知見 康弘; 佐藤 賢二*; 笠原 茂樹; 梅原 隆司*; 塙 悟史
Proceedings of Contribution of Materials Investigations and Operating Experience to Light Water NPPs' Safety, Performance and Reliability (FONTEVRAUD-9) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2018/09
一次系冷却水中での応力腐食割れ(PWSCC)進展挙動への亜鉛注入の影響を調べるため、加圧水型軽水炉(PWR)一次系水模擬環境での10%冷間加工600合金の亀裂進展試験を、320
C、低濃度(510ppb)の亜鉛注入、溶存水素濃度(DH)5, 30、及び50cc/kgH
Oの条件下で実施した。その結果、亀裂進展速度のDH依存性が亜鉛注入なしの試験データに基づく亀裂進展速度の予測値と同様の傾向を示し、実機環境を模擬した低濃度亜鉛注入が亀裂進展挙動に及ぼす影響はほとんど見られなかった。そこで、亀裂進展試験後の試験片の亀裂内及び表面に生成した酸化皮膜の微細組織分析を実施したところ、試験片表面の酸化皮膜からは亜鉛が検出されたが、亀裂内に生成した酸化皮膜からは亜鉛が検出されなかった。このことから、亀裂先端部の酸化皮膜への亜鉛の取り込みがないことが亀裂進展挙動への亜鉛注入の影響が見られない原因であることがわかった。
高田 弘
Plasma and Fusion Research (Internet), 13(Sp.1), p.2505013_1 - 2505013_8, 2018/03
大強度陽子加速器施設(J-PARC)のパルス核破砕中性子源は、以下に示す独自の特長を有するモデレータを用いて高強度かつ幅の狭いパルス状の冷中性子を供給している。独自の特長とは、(1)100%比率のパラ水素を用いることでピークが高くテイル成分の低い中性子パルスをつくる、(2)直径14cm、高さ12cmの円筒形状とすることで、50.8という広い取り出し角度範囲で高強度の中性子を利用できる、(3)銀-インジウム-カドミウム合金製の中性子吸収材を使用し、幅が狭く、テイル成分の低い中性子パルスをつくる、というものである。実際、低出力運転時の測定によって、1MWの運転時には、結合型モデレータで4.510
n/cm/s/srの中性子束が得られ、ポイズン型モデレータを使用する中性子実験装置(BL08)では
d/d 0.035%の優れた分解能が得られることを確認した。ここで、dは結晶試料内のある方向の格子面と中性子の入射方向とのなす角度に垂直な方向の面間隔を意味する。1MWで年間5000時間の運転を行うという目標の達成に向けて、現在、微少気泡を水銀ターゲットに注入し、ターゲット容器に生じるキャビテーション損傷を抑制する技術開発やターゲット容器構造を溶接部やボルト接続をできるだけ減らす設計改良を行っている。
