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大橋 智典*; 坂巻 竜也*; 舟越 賢一*; Steinle-Neumann, G.*; 服部 高典; Yuan, L.*; 鈴木 昭夫*
Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences (Internet), 120(1), p.240926a_1 - 240926a_13, 2025/06
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：50.74(Mineralogy)0-6GPa, 1000-1300Kのドライおよび含水Na
Si
O
融体の構造と高温高圧から回収したガラスの構造をその場中性子回折及びX線回折により調べた。また、0-10GPa, 3000Kの融体の構造をab-initio分子動力学シミュレーションにより調べた。その場中性子実験から、-O-D-O-架橋種の形成によりD-O距離が圧縮とともに増加することが明らかになり、分子動力学シミュレーションでも再現された。圧力による-O-D-O-形成は、水素がより強固に取り込まれることを反映しており、実験的に観測されたケイ酸塩融体中の水の高い溶解度のメカニズムとして働く。一方、0-10GPa, 3000KにおけるドライNaSiOの圧縮は、Si-O-Si角の曲げに支配される。さらに、含水NaSiO融体の分子動力学シミュレーションから、圧力上昇とともに、2(![$$^{[4]}$$](/search/images/ERPHWWZULV4SI.gif)
Si-O
+ Na
) 
Si-(O-![$$^{[5]}$$](/search/images/ERPHWWZVLV4SI.gif)
Si-O)
+ 2NaおよびSi-O + Na + Si-OH Si-(O-H-O-Si) + Naで示される反応により、ナトリウムイオンがネットワーク修飾の役割を果たさなくなることを示唆している。
友田 陽*; Harjo, S.; 徐 平光; 諸岡 聡; Gong, W.; Wang, Y.*
Metals, 15(6), p.610_1 - 610_19, 2025/05
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：41.05(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Lattice parameters of product and matrix phases in steels have been measured using in situ X-ray and neutron diffraction during forward and reverse transformations. These parameters are influenced by temperature, transformation-induced internal stresses, alloying element partitioning, crystal defects, and magnetic strains. Disentangling these contributions is essential for understanding lattice behavior. This review explores internal strain (stress) associated with ferrite, pearlite, bainite, martensite, and reverse austenite transformations, emphasizing the distinction between diffusional and displacive mechanisms. It also examines how plastic deformation of austenite affects subsequent bainite or martensite formation. The roles of dislocations and vacancies are identified as critical areas for further research.
phases in undoped and Ca-modified sodium niobates阿蘇 星侑*; 松尾 拓紀*; 米田 安宏; 森川 大輔*; 津田 健治*; 大山 研司*; 石垣 徹*; 野口 祐二*
Physical Review B, 111(17), p.174114_1 - 174114_12, 2025/05
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：63.16(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)高分解能放射光X線・中性子回折、収束電子線回折、密度汎関数理論(DFT)計算を組合せた解析により、Ca修飾NaNbO
と非ドープNaNbOの結晶構造、phase転移、相安定性を調べた。その結果、Ca修飾によって反強誘電体(AFE)-相が200Kから800Kの広い温度範囲で安定化されること、NaNbO
は格子膨張を伴う温度誘起等方圧によって安定化されるのに対し、Ca修飾NaNbOは格子収縮を伴う組成誘起化学圧力によって安定化されることが示された。
under hydrostatic pressure; A Combined neutron, X-ray, Raman, and first-principles calculation studyEfthimiopoulos, I.*; Klotz, S.*; Kunc, K.*; Baptiste, B.*; Chauvigne, P.*; 服部 高典
Physical Review B, 111(13), p.134103_1 - 134103_13, 2025/04
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：41.30(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)X線回折、中性子回折、ラマン散乱、第一原理計算を用いて、ReOの高圧力下での挙動を15GPaまで包括的に調べた。常圧
=3
構造は0.7GPaで空間群
=3の立方晶相に連続的に相転移し、その後少なくとも15GPaまで安定であることがわかった。過去この圧力領域で報告されていた単斜晶
構造や菱面体晶=3
構造への転移は、試料に高輝度放射光X線を照射したことによる試料の劣化によるものであり、人工的なものであることが分かった。また今回、=3相の構造の圧力依存性と正確な状態方程式および天然試料と同位体濃縮
O試料のラマン散乱データを示した。このデータから、リジッドなReO八面体が圧力とともに回転することによって、相転移および高密度化が起こることが分かった。
檜作 響子*; 藤淵 俊王*; Han, D.*; 荒川 弘之*; 古田 琢哉
Radiological Physics and Technology, 18(1), p.196 - 208, 2025/03
X線透視業務に携わる医療従事者の放射線防護対策一つとして放射線防護板の使用があり、効率的な防護板による遮蔽を検討するためのシミュレーションツールの開発が求められている。モンテカルロシミュレーションはX線とX線室内に存在する様々な物質との相互作用を非常に精度良く計算できる一方で、計算時間がかかり過ぎるという欠点があるため、放射線防護板の影響を短時間で見積もる目的に、事前計算された方向ベクトルを用いて短時間に線量分布を計算する簡易線量分布計算法を新たに開発した。まず、放射線防護板が存在しない状態でのX線室内の線量分布をモンテカルロシミュレーションコードPHITSを用いて計算し、X線室内をグリッドに分割した線量分布と各位置における方向ベクトル分布を取得する。開発した簡易線量分布計算法では、グリッド位置における線量はその位置での方向ベクトルの指し示す方向からの放射線により全て付与されるものと仮定し、方向ベクトルを逆方向にトレースした方向に放射線防護板が存在する場合には、そのグリッド位置での線量値は防護板による遮蔽効果を受けるものとして線量分布を計算する。この手法を用いることで、効率的な防護板の配置を検討する上で十分な精度を保ちつつ、PHITSで全計算を実行するのに比べて、計算時間を1/6000に短縮することに成功した。
鈴木 誠也; 勝部 大樹*; 矢野 雅大; 津田 泰孝; 寺澤 知潮; 小澤 孝拓*; 福谷 克之; Kim, Y.*; 朝岡 秀人; 柚原 淳司*; et al.
Small Methods, 9(3), p.2400863_1 - 2400863_9, 2025/03
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：39.03(Chemistry, Physical)For group 14 monoelemental two-dimensional materials, such as silicene, germanene, and stanene, oxidation is a severe problem that alters or degrades their physical properties. This study shows that the oxidized germanene on Ag(111)/Ge(111) can be reformed to germanene by simple heating around 500 
C in a vacuum. The key reaction in reforming germanene is the desorption of GeO and GeO
during heating around 350 C. After removing surface oxygen, Ge further segregates to the surface, resulting in germanene. The reformed germanene has the same crystal structure, a (7
7) R19.1 supercell with respect to Ag(111), and has equivalent high quality to that of as-grown germanene on Ag(111)/Ge(111). Even after air oxidation, germanene can be reformed by annealing in a vacuum. On the other hand, the desorption of GeO and GeO at high temperatures was not suppressed even in the O backfilling atmosphere. This instability of oxidized germanene/Ag(111)/Ge(111) at high temperatures contributes to the ease of germanene reformation without oxygen. In other words, the present germanene reformation, as well as the segregation of germanene on Ag(111)/Ge(111), is a highly robust process as a synthesis method of germanene.
Micheau, C.; 上田 祐生; 元川 竜平; 阿久津 和宏*; 山田 悟史*; 山田 雅子*; Moussaoui, S. A.*; Makombe, E.*; Meyer, D.*; Berthon, L.*; et al.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 401, p.124372_1 - 124372_12, 2024/05
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：54.90(Chemistry, Physical)Supramolecular organization of amphiphilic extractant molecules is involved in metal cation selectivity and separation kinetics during solvent extraction. The relationship between extractant associates/aggregates formed in the organic bulk phase and at the liquid-liquid interface is poorly understood even though it affects the extraction mechanism. The nanoscopic structures of the extraction systems N,N,N',N'-tetrahexylmalonamide (THMA) in toluene and N,N'-dibutyl-N,N'-dimethyl-2-tetradecylmalonamide (DBMA) in n-heptane, used for either Pd(II) or Nd(III) selective extraction from an acidic aqueous phase, were examined. These systems present markedly different affinity for Pd(II) and Nd(III), and extraction kinetics. Extractant organization in the organic bulk phase and at the interface were compared by small-angle X-ray scattering, interfacial tension, and neutron reflectivity. THMA in toluene forms small associates in the organic bulk phase and accumulates in a diffuse layer at the interface, decreasing Pd(II) coordination probability and resulting in slow extraction. DBMA in n-heptane forms large aggregates and a compact, dense interfacial layer, resulting in rapid Pd(II) and Nd(III) extraction. Thus, Pd(II) extraction is driven by interfacial coordination alone, whereas the incorporation of Nd(III) into the core of large aggregates governs Nd(III) extraction in the interfacial layer. These results suggest that the interface should be described as a nanoscale interphase containing a high extractant concentration compared with the organic bulk phase.
-GaO(001)Tsai, Y. H.*; 小畠 雅明; 福田 竜生; 谷田 肇; 小林 徹; 山下 良之*
Applied Physics Letters, 124(11), p.112105_1 - 112105_5, 2024/03
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：47.83(Physics, Applied)Recently, gallium oxide (GaO) has attracted much attention as an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap of about 5 eV. In order to control device properties, it is important to clarify the chemical state of dopants and doping sites. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy were used to investigate the dopant sites and chemical states of Sn in Sn-doped -GaO(001) samples. The results show that the chemical state of the Sn dopant is the Sn
oxidation state and that the bond lengths around the Sn dopant atoms are longer due to the relaxation effect after Sn dopant insertion. Comparison of experimental and simulated XANES spectra indicates that the octahedral Ga substitution site in -GaO(001) is the active site of the Sn dopant.
PtAl
太田 玖吾*; 渡部 悠貴*; 芳賀 芳範; Iesari, F.*; 岡島 敏浩*; 松本 裕司*
Symmetry (Internet), 15(8), p.1488_1 - 1488_13, 2023/07
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：35.81(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Polycrystalline and single crystalline CePtAl samples were synthesized and characterized using EPMA, XRD, XAS and magnetization measurements. The valence of Ce in this compound is trivalent, in agreement with magnetic susceptibility and XAS spectra. The analysis of EXAFS spectra indicates the formation of a honeycomb lattice rather than the disordered hexagonal structure.
X-ray synchrotron diffractionLi, H.*; Liu, Y.*; Zhao, W.*; Liu, B.*; 冨永 亜希; 菖蒲 敬久; Wei, D.*
International Journal of Plasticity, 165, p.103612_1 - 103612_20, 2023/06
被引用回数：47 パーセンタイル：97.49(Engineering, Mechanical)コバルトフリーのマルエージング鋼の強度特性を明らかにするために、高エネルギー放射光X線回折法を利用したその場引張試験を行った。マルテンサイト相とオーステナイト相からの回折プロファイルが得られ、それらの強度及び幅が負荷に伴い変化している様子が観察された。回折プロファイルを解析した結果、時効(as-aged)材では、低応力レベルにてマルテンサイトの含有量が緩やかに減少し、高応力レベルでは急激に減少した。一方、熱処理(as-solution)材では、応力の増加とともにオーステナイト相がマルテンサイト相に著しく転移変態している結果が得られた。これらのことがそれぞれの強度特性に起因していることを明らかにした。
Tsai, T.-H.; 佐々木 新治; 前田 宏治
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 60(6), p.715 - 723, 2023/06
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：10.16(Nuclear Science & Technology)A method for processing and visualizing X-ray computed tomography (CT) images of a fuel assembly is developed and applied to a JOYO MK-III fuel assembly. The method provides vertical-section-like images to observe the spatial distribution of CT values in fuel pins and also supplies images that show the relationship between the linear heat rate (LHR) and radial CT-value distribution. In addition, an attempt to analyze the radial cracks in the CT images is proposed, and the results demonstrate the correlation between LHR and the radial cracks.
山崎 泰広*; 篠宮 啓介*; 奥村 忠晴*; 鈴木 賢治*; 菖蒲 敬久; 中村 唯我*
Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 7(2), p.14_1 - 14_12, 2023/05
The suspension plasma spray (SPS) technique has attracted attention because of its various microstructures, which can be achieved by mixing submicron spray particles with a solvent to form a suspension. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with a columnar structure, which might achieve high strain tolerance, can be obtained using the SPS technique. In this study, the internal stress distribution of the SPS-TBC with different columnar structures was evaluated by hybrid measurement using high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis and laboratory low-energy X-rays. The effect of microstructure on the internal stress distribution of the SPS-TBC was discussed on the basis of the experimental results. In addition, the in-plane internal stress was decreased by decreasing the column diameter. The thin columnar microstructure of the SPS-TBC has superior strain tolerance. The internal stresses in the column of the SPS-TBC are periodic decrements caused by stress relaxation in porous layers.
吉田 幸彦
IL Nuovo Cimento, 46(2), p.33_1 - 33_8, 2023/03
JAEA is addressing the back-end issues with the steadfast promotion of sustainable measures. The R&D plans are being rationally pursued by considering priorities based on indicators such as bottleneck issues in waste streams, relevance to WAC settings, and effectiveness of cost reduction. In addition, the future vision (JAEA 2050+) has been formulated to promote cross-disciplinary R&D through a new approach that cannot be reached by conventional methods, and active incorporation of information technologies, such as AI technologies. Currently, we are developing intelligent sensing that combines sensing and information processing technologies to realize automatic sorting technology, and non-destructive evaluation technology using high-energy X-ray CT, for legacy wastes. The core technology common to these technologies is image evaluation technology using deep learning models, which was confirmed to perform very well in the evaluation of waste object recognition.
鈴木 智也*; 大坪 右京*; 尾形 剛志*; 塩飽 秀啓; 小林 徹; 矢板 毅; 松岡 光昭*; 村山 憲弘*; 成田 弘一*
Separation and Purification Technology, 308, p.122943_1 - 122943_7, 2023/03
被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：19.48(Engineering, Chemical)主にAgを含む使用済み製品からPd金属をリサイクルするために硝酸抽出が行われており、ほとんどのPd残留物はAg(I)含有溶液から分離される。しかし、このAg(I)溶液中には少量のPd(II)が残存していることが多い。そのため、硝酸溶液中のPd(II)とAg(I)を分離することは、Pdのリサイクルを効率的に進めるために必要不可欠である。本研究では、アミン(R-Amine),イミノ二酢酸(R-IDA),ピリジン(R-Py),ビスピコリルアミン(R-BPA)で機能化した4種類の窒素ドナー型吸着材を用いて硝酸溶液中のPd(II), Ag(I)を分離する研究を実施した。R-Amine,R-IDA,R-Pyは硝酸溶液からAg(I), Cu(II), Ni(II), Fe(III)を選択的に吸着したが、R-AmineはPdの吸着効率が低いことが判明した。一方、R-BPAはPd(II), Ag(I), Cu(II)を全濃度において90%以上吸着することができた。フーリエ変換赤外分光法及び広域X線吸収微細構造法(EXAFS)による吸着金属イオンの構造解析から、窒素ドナー型吸着剤の分離機構を明らかにした。R-IDA, R-Py, R-BPAへのPd(II)吸着は官能基(それぞれイミノ二酢酸,ピリジン,ビスピコリルアミン)へのPd(II)配位を介して起こり、R-Amineへの吸着はNO
と[Pd(NO)
]のアニオン交換を介して起こることがわかった。R-IDA,R-Py,R-BPAは、配位性吸着機構により、高いPd(II)吸着挙動を示すことが明らかとなった。塩酸(5.0M)およびチオ尿素(0.1M)溶離液は、それぞれR-IDAから83%およびR-Pyから95%のPd(II)を脱離させた。R-Pyは吸着選択性と脱着効率から最も効果的なPd(II)吸着剤だった。
synchrotron X-ray scattering and nanoindentation testIm, S.*; Jee, H.*; Suh, H.*; 兼松 学*; 諸岡 聡; Choe, H.*; 西尾 悠平*; 町田 晃彦*; Kim, J.*; Lim, S.*; et al.
Construction and Building Materials, 365, p.130034_1 - 130034_18, 2023/02
被引用回数：29 パーセンタイル：83.12(Construction & Building Technology)Nanocrystalline calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) is a typical heterogeneous material with a multiscale structure spanning a wide length scale from angstrom to micrometer, and whose structure is determined by the Ca/Si ratio. In this study, we directly applied compressive loads on synthetic C-S-H pastes with Ca/Si ratios of 0.6-1.2 and investigated their mechanical properties using the elastic modulus calculated at three length scale levels (i.e., angstrom to nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter) via in-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering, nanoindentation tests, and strain gauges, respectively. Further, 
Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was conducted on the C-S-H pastes to elucidate the alterations in the silicate polymerization. The experimental results confirmed the deformation behavior of the C-S-H paste with different Ca/Si ratios under external loading, which was demonstrated to be transferred from the surface of the pastes to particles owing to the presence of multiscale pores.
Wang, Q.*; Hu, Q.*; Zhao, C.*; Yang, X.*; Zhang, T.*; Ilavsky, J.*; Kuzmenko, I.*; Ma, B.*; 舘 幸男
International Journal of Coal Geology, 261, p.104093_1 - 104093_15, 2022/09
被引用回数：15 パーセンタイル：69.88(Energy & Fuels)To understanding the spatial heterogeneity of mineral and pore structure variations in fine-grained shale, microscale X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) mapping, (ultra-) small-angle X-ray scattering [(U)SAXS] and wide-angle X-ray scattering were applied for two samples from a piece of Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas. Thin section petrography and field emission-scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), total organic carbon, and pyrolysis were also utilized to investigate the potential spatial heterogeneity of pore types, mineral and organic matter compositions for both samples. Overall, the siliceous-carbonate mineral contents in these carbonate-rich Eagle Ford Shale vary between laminations at mm scales. By analyzing six selected sub-samples on each of two samples with X-ray scattering and XRD techniques, nm-sized pores are mainly interparticle ones in the higher calcite regions, where the porosity is also relatively lower, while the lower calcite regions consist of both interparticle and intraparticle pore types with higher porosity. Finally, the micro-XRF and (U)SAXS are combined to generate porosity distribution maps to provide more insights about its heterogeneity related to the laminations and fractures at our observational scales.
and CrUO秋山 大輔*; 日下 良二; 熊谷 友多; 中田 正美; 渡邉 雅之; 岡本 芳浩; 永井 崇之; 佐藤 修彰*; 桐島 陽*
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 568, p.153847_1 - 153847_10, 2022/09
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：62.74(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)ウラン酸鉄,ウラン酸クロム、およびその固溶体を合成し、これらのウラン酸塩が異なる熱的安定性を示すメカニズムを研究した。熱的安定性を評価するため、ウラン酸塩試料の熱重量分析を実施した結果、ウラン酸クロムの分解温度(約1250C)に対してウラン酸鉄は低温(約800C)で分解するが、クロムを含む固溶体では熱分解に対する安定性が高まることが分かった。この熱的安定性と結晶構造との関係性を調べるため、エックス線結晶構造解析,エックス線吸収微細構造測定,メスバウアー分光測定,ラマン分光分析による詳細な結晶構造と物性の評価を行ったが、本研究で用いたウラン酸塩試料の間に明瞭な差異は観測されなかった。そのため、熱的安定性の違いは結晶構造に起因するものではなく、鉄とクロムとの酸化還元特性の違いによるものと推定した。クロムは3価が極めて安定であるのに対して、鉄の原子価は2価と3価を取ることができる。このため、ウラン酸鉄の場合には結晶中でウランと鉄との酸化還元反応が起こり、低温での分解反応を誘起したものと考えられる。
古渡 意彦*; 永元 啓介*; 中上 晃一*; 谷村 嘉彦; 盛武 敬*; 欅田 尚樹*
Journal of Radiation Protection and Research, 47(1), p.39 - 49, 2022/03
For proper monitoring of the eye lens dose, an appropriate calibration factor of a dosimeter and information about the mean energies of X-rays are indispensable. The scattered X-ray energy spectra should be well characterized in medical practices where eye lenses of medical staffs might be high. Scattered X-ray energy spectra were experimentally derived for three different types of X-ray diagnostic and therapeutic equipment. A commercially available CdZnTe (CZT) spectrometer with a lead collimator was employed for the measurement of scattered X-rays. From the obtained energy spectra, the mean energies of the scattered X-rays lied between 40 and 60 keV. This also agreed with that obtained by the conventional half value layer method. The obtained mean energies of the scattered X-rays were found to match the flat region of the dosimeter response.
Im, S.*; Jee, H.*; Suh, H.*; 兼松 学*; 諸岡 聡; 小山 拓*; 西尾 悠平*; 町田 晃彦*; Kim, J.*; Bae, S.*
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 104(9), p.4803 - 4818, 2021/09
被引用回数：34 パーセンタイル：83.22(Materials Science, Ceramics)This study aims to elucidate the effect of heating on the local atomic arrangements, structure, phase transformation, and mechanical properties of synthesized calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H). The alteration in the atomic arrangement of the synthesized C-S-H (Ca/Si = 0.8) and the formation of crystalline phases that occurred in three distinct transformation stages of dehydration (105-200 C), decomposition (300-600 C), and recrystallization (700-1000 C) were investigated via powder X-ray diffraction, Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Further, the deformation of the local atomic bonding environment and variations in mechanical properties during the three stages were assessed via pair distribution function analysis based on in-situ total X-ray scattering. The results revealed that the C-S-H paste before heating exhibited a lower elastic modulus in real space than that in the reciprocal space in the initial loading stage because water molecules acted as a lubricant in the interlayer. At the dehydration stage, the strain as a function of external loading exhibited irregular deformation owing to the formation of additional pores induced by the evaporation of free moisture. At the decomposition stage, the structural deformation of the main d-spacing (d 
3.0 
) was similar to that of the real space before the propagation of microcracks. At the recrystallization stage, the elastic modulus increased to 48 GPa owing to the thermal phase transformation of C-S-H to crystalline -wollastonite. The results provide direct experimental evidence of the micro- and nanostructural deformation behavior of C-S-H pastes after exposure to high temperature under external loading.
Grazzi, F.*; Cialdai, C.*; Manetti, M.*; Massi, M.*; Morigi, M. P.*; Bettuzzi, M.*; Brancaccio, R.*; Albertin, F.*; 篠原 武尚; 甲斐 哲也; et al.
Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, 32(3), p.463 - 477, 2021/09
被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：31.27(Multidisciplinary Sciences)In this paper, we have studied an additively manufactured metallic component, intended for ultra-high vacuum application, the exit-snout of the MACHINA transportable proton accelerator beam-line. Metal additive manufacturing components can exhibit heterogeneous and anisotropic microstructures. Two non-destructive imaging techniques, X-ray computed tomography and Neutron Tomography, were employed to examine its microstructure. They unveiled the presence of porosity and channels, the size and composition of grains and intergranular precipitates, and the general behavior of the spatial distribution of the solidification lines. While X-ray computed tomography evidenced qualitative details about the surface roughness and internal defects, neutron tomography showed excellent ability in imaging the spatial density distribution within the component. The anisotropy of the density was attributed to the material building orientation during the 3D printing process. Density variations suggest the possibility of defect pathways, which could affect high vacuum performances. In addition, these results highlight the importance of considering building orientation in the design for additive manufacturing for UHV applications.
