幌延国際共同プロジェクトの現状と今後の展開

青柳 和平; 尾崎 裕介; 早野 明; 大野 宏和; 舘 幸男

日本原子力学会誌ATOMO, 67(6), p.354 - 358, 2025/06

https://doi.org/10.3327/jaesjb.67.6_354

日本原子力研究開発機構は、幌延深地層研究センターの地下施設を活用した"幌延国際共同プロジェクト(Horonobe International Project: HIP)"を開始した。本プロジェクトの主要な目的は、地層処分のための先進的な安全評価技術や工学技術に関わる研究開発の成果の最大化や、次世代の研究者や技術者の育成と知識の継承である。本解説では、日本原子力学会2024年秋の大会におけるバックエンド部会の企画セッション"幌延国際共同プロジェクトの現状と今後の展開"の流れに沿って、本プロジェクトの概要を紹介する。

Strain analysis of thermoelectric materials using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction data

中沢 駿仁*; 菖蒲 敬久; 冨永 亜希; 藤井 柾志*; 松本 大成*; 松田 美知子*; 島田 武司*; Trivedi, V.*; 橘 信*; 辻井 直人*; et al.

粉体および粉末冶金, 72(Suppl.), p.S997 - S1001, 2025/03

https://doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.15P-T21-07

A compressive strength limit is one of critical parameters for thermoelectric materials. In this study, we synthesized a single crystal of Yb-filled Co-Sb-based skutterudite. We assessed the compressive pressure dependence of internal strain using high-resolution synchrotron radiation X-rays at SPring-8. The prepared single crystal was identified as Yb0.148Co4Sb12.54, with a lattice parameter of 0.90504 nm. Compressive testing was performed until the sample fractured, revealing a compressive strength limit of 591.3 MPa. The stress-strain curve exhibited a nearly constant slope for strains exceeding 0.07 %, leading to an estimated Young's modulus of 154.6 GPa.

Feasibility study of reactor radiation photon spectroscopy in Fugen for nuclear decommissioning

冠城 雅晃; 宮本 勇太; 森 教匡; 岩井 紘基; 手塚 将志; 黒澤 俊介*; 田川 明広; 高崎 浩司

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 62(3), p.308 - 316, 2025/03

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2024.2417786

Nuclear decommissioning has recently accelerated, particularly following the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Holdings. -ray/X-ray (radiation photon) spectroscopy provides information on the types of radionuclides with radiation photon emissions. Radiation photon spectroscopy in a control rod guide tube positioned at the center of Fugen was conducted. Fugen is a prototype advanced thermal reactor with 165 MWe electric power generation that is being decommissioned. The dose rates measured in a control rod guide tube positioned at the center of the reactor were 4.1 - 9.1 Gy/h. The dose rate considerably increased at a position close to a tank that contained Co caused by the radioactivation of stainless steel. Radiation photon spectroscopy was performed without radiation shielding, identifying Co with an energy resolution better than 5.4% at 1333 keV and Nb with an energy resolution better than 5.9% at 871 keV.

Enhanced cryogenic mechanical properties of heterostructured CrCoNi multicomponent alloy; Insights from neutron diffraction

Naeem, M.*; Ma, Y.*; Knowles, A. J.*; Gong, W.; Harjo, S.; Wang, X.-L.*; Romero Resendiz, L.*; 他6名*

Materials Science & Engineering A, 916, p.147374_1 - 147374_8, 2024/11

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2024.147374

Heterostructured materials (HSMs) improve the strength-ductility trade-off of alloys, but their cryogenic performance under real-time deformation is unclear. We studied heterostructured CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy via neutron diffraction at 77 K and 293 K. A significant mechanical mismatch between fine and coarse grains led to an exceptional yield strength of 918 MPa at 293 K, increasing to 1244 MPa at 77 K with a uniform elongation of 34%. This strength-ductility synergy at 77 K is attributed to high dislocation pile-up density, increased planar faults, and martensitic transformation. Compared to homogeneous alloys, HSMs show promise for enhancing cryogenic mechanical performance in medium-/high-entropy alloys.

Development of a surrogate system of a plant dynamics simulation model and an abnormal situation identification system for nuclear power plants using deep neural networks

関 暁之; 吉川 雅紀; 西野宮 良太*; 沖田 将一朗; 高屋 茂; Yan, X.

Nuclear Technology, 210(6), p.1003 - 1014, 2024/06

https://doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2023.2273566

原子力プラントの安全な運転を支援するため、2種類のディープニューラルネットワーク(DNN)のシステムを構築した。一つは、原子力プラントの各種物理量についてシミュレーションよりも数桁少ない計算時間で推定するサロゲートシステム(SS)である。もう一つは、物理量から異常の原因となる外乱の状態を推定するシステム(ASIS)である。両システムとも、高温工学試験研究炉(HTTR)の挙動を様々なシナリオで再現することができる解析コード(ACCORD)から得られたデータを用いて学習を行った。DNNのモデルは、主要なハイパーパラメータを調整することにより構築された。これらの手順を経て、開発したシステムが高い精度で動作することを確認した。

Optimizing calibration factors of plastic scintillation fibers for improved accuracy of radiocesium concentration measurements in bottom sediments of agricultural ponds

Katengeza, E. W.*; 眞田 幸尚; 越智 康太郎; 飯本 武志*

Cogent Engineering (Internet), 11(1), p.2340203_1 - 2340203_9, 2024/04

https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2024.2340203

放射能測定の不確かさは、底質中の対象核種の鉛直分布に影響されることがある。本研究では、47か所のため池で2015-2019年の期間に測定されたデータを用いて、プラスチックシンチレーションファイバー(PSF)の換算係数の深度依存性と、測定の不確かさへの影響を評価した。換算係数を算出する際に着目する深度を、10cmから15-20cmに変更することで、PSFによって推定された放射性セシウム濃度の、同じ場所で採取されたコア底質中放射性セシウム濃度に対する正規化平均二乗誤差が小さくなることが分かった。

Fe-5Mn-0.1C中Mn鋼におけるリューダース帯伝播中の階層的不均一変形; その場走査型電子顕微鏡観察

小山 元道*; 山下 享介*; 諸岡 聡; Yang, Z.*; Varanasi, R. S.*; 北條 智彦*; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.

鉄と鋼, 110(3), p.205 - 216, 2024/02

https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2023-052

deformation experiments with cold-rolled and intercritically annealed Fe-5Mn-0.1C steel were carried out at ambient temperature to characterize the deformation heterogeneity during Lders band propagation. Deformation band formation, which is a precursor phenomenon of Lders band propagation, occurred even in the macroscopically elastic deformation stage. The deformation bands in the Lders front grew from both the side edges to the center of the specimen. After macroscopic yielding, the thin deformation bands grew via band branching, thickening, multiple band initiation, and their coalescence, the behavior of which was heterogeneous. Thick deformation bands formed irregularly in front of the region where the thin deformation bands were densified. The thin deformation bands were not further densified when the spacing of the bands was below 10 m. Instead, the regions between the deformation bands showed a homogeneous plasticity evolution. The growth of the thin deformation bands was discontinuous, which may be due to the presence of ferrite groups in the propagation path of the deformation bands. Based on these observations, a model for discontinuous Lders band propagation has been proposed.

In situ transmission electron microscopy observation of melted germanium encapsulated in multilayer graphene

鈴木 誠也; 根本 善弘*; 椎木 菜摘*; 中山 佳子*; 竹口 雅樹*

Annalen der Physik, 535(9), p.2300122_1 - 2300122_12, 2023/09

AA2022-1001.pdf:3.25MB

https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.202300122

Germanene is a two-dimensional (2D) germanium (Ge) analogous of graphene, and its unique topological properties are expected to be a material for next-generation electronics. However, no germanene electronic devices have yet been reported. One of the reasons for this is that germanene is easily oxidized in air due to its lack of chemical stability. Therefore, growing germanene at solid interfaces where it is not oxidized is one of the key ideas for realizing electronic devices based on germanene. In this study, the behavior of Ge at the solid interface at high temperatures was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To achieve such in situ heating TEM observation, we fabricated a graphene/Ge/graphene encapsulated structure. In situ heating TEM experiments revealed that Ge like droplets moved and coalesced with other Ge droplets, indicating that Ge remained as a liquid phase between graphene layers at temperatures higher than the Ge melting point.

Hierarchical deformation heterogeneity during Lders band propagation in an Fe-5Mn-0.1C medium Mn steel clarified through scanning electron microscopy

小山 元道*; 山下 享介*; 諸岡 聡; Yang, Z.*; Varanasi, R. S.*; 北條 智彦*; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.

ISIJ International, 62(10), p.2043 - 2053, 2022/10

https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2022-098

deformation experiments with cold-rolled and intercritically annealed Fe-5Mn-0.1C steel were carried out at ambient temperature to characterize the deformation heterogeneity during Lders band propagation. Deformation band formation, which is a precursor phenomenon of Lders band propagation, occurred even in the macroscopically elastic deformation stage. The deformation bands in the Lders front grew from both the side edges to the center of the specimen. After macroscopic yielding, the thin deformation bands grew via band branching, thickening, multiple band initiation, and their coalescence, the behavior of which was heterogeneous. Thick deformation bands formed irregularly in front of the region where the thin deformation bands were densified. The thin deformation bands were not further densified when the spacing of the bands was below 10 m. Instead, the regions between the deformation bands showed a homogeneous plasticity evolution. The growth of the thin deformation bands was discontinuous, which may be due to the presence of ferrite groups in the propagation path of the deformation bands. Based on these observations, a model for discontinuous Lders band propagation has been proposed.

Direct temperature measurement for lamp-based heating device

墨田 岳大; 須藤 彩子; 高野 公秀; 池田 篤史

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials; Methods (Internet), 2(1), p.50 - 54, 2022/02

https://doi.org/10.1080/27660400.2022.2035097

Despite a wide variety of its practical applications, handiness, and cost-effectiveness, the advance of lamp-based heating device is obstructed by one technical difficulty in measuring the temperature on a heated material. This difficulty originates in the combination of polychromatic light source and a radiation thermometer that determines temperature from radiation (i.e. light). A new system developed in this study overcomes this intrinsic difficulty by measuring exclusively the radiation from the heated material, allowing us to perform the direct and measurement of temperature in a light-based heating device (an arc image furnace). Test measurements demonstrated the reliability of temperature measurement using the developed system as well as its promising potential for the determination of emissivity at high temperature particularly in the infrared region.