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Tamai, Hiroshi; Yamamura, Tsukasa; Teraoka, Nobuaki
JAEA-Review 2014-029, 79 Pages, 2014/08
JAEA-Review-2014-029.pdf:43.14MB
In recent circumstance of increasing new comer countries having nuclear power plants, the importance of bilateral nuclear cooperation agreement becomes much higher to ensure the non-proliferation regime in promoting the nuclear cooperation. This paper describes the analysis of nuclear non-proliferation prerequisite, such as safeguards application, transfer restriction of nuclear materials, equipment, and sensitive technology, provided in the cooperation agreements. It is found that every agreement contains the prerequisite to maintain the non-proliferation regime to a level, whereas that there exists some difference between suppliers countries in the regulation on implementing enrichment and reprocessing, storage of plutonium and enriched uranium, and transfer of sensitive technologies. In order to promote the reinforcement of international non-proliferation framework, it will be effective to build up the incentive and common understanding on necessity of non-proliferation.
Yamamura, Tsukasa; Suda, Kazunori; Tomikawa, Hirofumi; Takeda, Yu; Teraoka, Nobuaki
JAEA-Review 2014-007, 106 Pages, 2014/03
JAEA-Review-2014-007.pdf:10.11MB
In this report, we research nuclear policy and the past background of non-proliferation issues between Japan and the U.S., especially for the purpose of making contributions for consideration in new negotiations of the Japan-U.S. nuclear agreement, which expires in 2018. In particular, we focus on negotiation of the Tokai Reprocessing Plant and revised Japan-U.S. nuclear agreement of 1988, which made significant strides in the nuclear fuel cycle program, then analyze the effect of U.S. non-proliferation policy on Japan's nuclear fuel cycle policy. The relationship between Japan and the U.S. in nuclear cooperation has evolved from a one-sided relationship, in which the U.S. influenced Japan in the selection of nuclear material and equipment transferred to Japan, to a more reciprocal relationship. As a result of this, Japan could incorporate the comprehensive prior consent, which was the framework enforcing the nuclear fuel cycle into the agreement without being swayed by the U.S. Administration. However, we need continued and careful observation of evolving nuclear policies in the U.S. Administration and Congress, because a substantial percentage of Japan's nuclear material is of U.S. origin.
Teraoka, Nobuaki
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I will make a presentation of the reasons and the progression of the accident of the Fukushima NPP as well as the influence to the public in the first place. Some of unimagined events were underestimate of tsunami, long-term station blackout, equipments damaged by the tsunami, management of nuclear spent fuel, hydrogen explosion outside the containment vessel, sever accident management etc. The potential implimentations are a huge amount of compensate, implementation of the stress test, shutdown of all NPP, shortage of electricity, revision of nuclear fuel cycle etc. to be discussed. Immerging measures of physical protection at NPP are physical protection of damaged fuel, internal threats, cyber terrorism etc. We need to ensure the synergy effect of safety, security and nonproliferation. Finally, I will introduce the activities of JAEA and DSTNM.