Nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security in Japan, 2; Significance of sustainable progress in plutonium-thermal policy and R&D of fast reactor

Mochiji, Toshiro; Senzaki, Masao*; Tamai, Hiroshi; Iwamoto, Tomonori*; Ishiguro, Yuzuru*; Kitade, Yuta; Sato, Heigo*; Suehiro, Rie*; Taniguchi, Tomihiro*; Fukasawa, Tetsuo*; et al.

Enerugi Rebyu, 40(7), p.58 - 59, 2020/06

Japan have promoted the peaceful use of plutonium with the nuclear non-proliferation commitment based on IAEA safeguards agreement and Japan-US nuclear cooperation agreement, as well as ensuring transparency of the policy that Japan has no plutonium without purpose of use. In promoting the nuclear fuel cycle, adherence to those measures and maintaining plutonium utilization by means of plutonium-thermal, and a fast reactor cycle to achieve large-scale and long-term energy supply and environmental improvement, therefore, further research and development is essential.

Human resource development in nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security; Education at the University of Tokyo

Tamai, Hiroshi; Demachi, Kazuyuki*

Genshiryoku Heiwa Riyo To Kakufukakusan, Kakusekyuriti; NSA/Commentaries, No.25, p.199 - 202, 2020/06

Education on nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security in the University of Tokyo is provided at the Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management for master's course graduate students and at the Nuclear Professional School for career experts. In this paper, both the courses are introduced and their education contents on nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security are briefly described.

Chapter 7, Research and development and international cooperation on nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security

Tomikawa, Hirofumi; Koizumi, Mitsuo; Tamai, Hiroshi

Genshiryoku Heiwa Riyo To Kakufukakusan, Kakusekyuriti; NSA/Commentaries, No.25, p.167 - 174, 2020/06

Japan's efforts for research and development on nuclear material detection and nuclear forensics and international cooperation are introduced focusing on the various aspects implemented in JAEA.

Final report on feasibility study of Pu monitoring and solution measurement of high active liquid waste containing fission product at Reprocessing Facility

Sekine, Megumi; Matsuki, Takuya; Suzuki, Satoshi*; Tsutagi, Koichi; Nishida, Naoki; Kitao, Takahiko; Tomikawa, Hirofumi; Nakamura, Hironobu; LaFleur, A.*; Browne, M.*

JAEA-Technology 2019-023, 160 Pages, 2020/03

JAEA-Technology-2019-023.pdf:9.43MB

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has proposed in its Research and Development plan (STR-385), the development of technology to enable real-time flow measurement of nuclear material as a part of an advanced approach to effective and efficient safeguards for reprocessing facilities. To address this, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been tackling development of a new detector to enable monitoring of Pu in solutions with numerous FPs as a joint research program with U.S. DOE to cover whole reprocessing process. In this study, High Active Liquid Waste (HALW) Storage Facility in Tokai Reprocessing Plant was used as the test field. At first, the design information of HALW storage tank and radiation (type and intensity) were investigated to develop a Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP) model. And then, dose rate distribution outside/ inside of the concrete cell where the HALW tank is located was measured to design new detectors and check MCNP model applicability. Using the newly designed detectors, gamma rays and neutron were continuously measured at the outside/ inside of the concrete cell to assess the radiation characteristics and to optimize detector position. Finally, the applicability for Pu monitoring technology was evaluated based on the simulation results and gamma-ray/neutron measurement results. We have found that there is possibility to monitor the change of Pu amount in solution by combination both of gamma-ray and neutron measurement. The results of this study suggested the applicability and capability of the Pu motoring to enhance safeguards for entire reprocessing facility which handles Pu with FP as a feasibility study. This is final report of this project.

Research on factor analysis for achieving denuclearisation, 3; Denuclearisation at Libya: Process and success factors

Tamai, Hiroshi; Shimizu, Ryo; Tazaki, Makiko; Kimura, Takashi; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Suda, Kazunori

Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Dai-40-Kai Nenji Taikai Puroshidhingusu, p.89 - 92, 2019/11

Libya's denuclearisation, named 'the Libya model', is regarded as one of good practices in cooperation of the international community and measures that have a sense of speed with the countries and institutions involved. Success factors of the denuclearisation are the Libya's relatively low technological progress despite the procurement of extensive nuclear materials and components due to the delay of detecting the nuclear programme, prompt implementation with the close collaboration of countries concerned, and Libya's cooperation facing to the economic sanctions and the regime collapse by the Iraq war. Precious lessons will be learned towards the prevention and the denuclearisation in other countries.

Research on factor analysis for achieving denuclearization, 1; South Africa: Motivations for nuclear weapons development, incentives for denuclearization and characteristics of its denuclearization

Tazaki, Makiko; Kimura, Takashi; Shimizu, Ryo; Tamai, Hiroshi; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Suda, Kazunori

Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Dai-40-Kai Nenji Taikai Puroshidhingusu, p.81 - 84, 2019/11

South Africa had developed, manufactured, and possessed nuclear weapons, but later dismantled them all together with related facilities and equipment. After joining Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons as a non-nuclear weapon state and concluding a Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement with the Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), it started peaceful use of nuclear energy. In that sense, South Africa's denuclearization is one of good examples of past denuclearization in the world, although the South Africa's specific policy of apartheid had been deeply connected with its nuclear weapons development and denuclearization. Analysing South Africa's motivations for nuclear weapons development, incentives for denuclearization, and characteristics of its denuclearization could serve as a good reference for not only preventing nuclear weapons development but also considering their denuclearization in current and future states.

Effective capacity-building development based on good practices from the additional protocol implementation

Rodriguez, P.; Senzaki, Masao; Sekine, Megumi

Proceedings of INMM 60th Annual Meeting (Internet), 9 Pages, 2019/07

The ISCN of the JAEA has been providing assistance, specifically to Asian countries, for the past 8 years, since its establishment in 2010. The ratification of the Protocol Additional (AP) to the safeguards agreement, had involved some changes in the Asian countries resource infrastructures to adhere with the respective States obligations on nuclear non-proliferation. During the 7th FNCA workshop held in Mito, Japan in September 2017, under the Nuclear Security and Safegaurds Project (NSSP), a 3-year plan on the formulation of a generic set of Fundamentals on the Implementation of the Additional Protocol was proposed. To formulate this set of fundamentals, there was a need to prepare a set of Examples of good practices on the implementation of the AP based on the FNCA members experience. The ISCN was tasked to prepare the template and conduct the needed survey among the FNCA members of the project on nuclear security and safeguards. This paper provides a preliminary summary and analysis of the responses received. This paper presents the analysis of the good practices that were implemented in order for the States to satisfy the requirements of the IAEA, as stipulated in the AP. The nuclear fuel cycle characteristics of the involved Asian countries are quite different in several aspects, thus entailing a diverse strategy in resource infrastructure development. This paper describes how every country may have different approaches towards achieving the same objectives. It is worthwhile to look into these various practices, find commonality and share the experience. The objective of formulating a set of fundamentals on AP implementation will be achieved through a compilation and analysis of good practices and shared experiences among its members. The preliminary result on this project was introduced at the 8th FNCA workshop held in Beijing, China in September 2018.

The Threats of nuclear and radiological terrorism, and their countermeasures

Naoi, Yosuke

Gekkan Chian Foramu, 25(3), p.51 - 59, 2019/03

This reports describes the status quo of the nuclear and radiological terrorism around the world based on the cases that have actually occurred in the past, and summarizes how nuclear terrorism should be prevented, what should be done in order to internationally enhance nuclear security, and what countermeasures are to be actually taken in the international society.

Summary of questions and answers part of the 2018 Japan Society of International Law (JSIL) Annual Conference's Session 1; The 50th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and Nuclear Disarmament

Nakanishi, Hiroaki; Nakasone, Suguru*

Kokusaiho Gaiko Zasshi, 117(3), p.642 - 643, 2018/11

Summary of questions and answers part of the 2018 Japan Society of International Law (JSIL) Annual Conference's Session 1: The 50th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and Nuclear Disarmament

Study on current US views on bilateral civilian nuclear cooperation agreements

Tazaki, Makiko; Tamai, Hiroshi; Shimizu, Ryo; Kimura, Takashi; Kitade, Yuta; Nakanishi, Hiroaki; Suda, Kazunori

Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Dai-39-Kai Nenji Taikai Rombunshu (Internet), 7 Pages, 2018/11

no abstracts in English