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和田 有希*; 榎戸 輝揚*; 中澤 知洋*; 小高 裕和*; 古田 禄大; 土屋 晴文
Journal of Geophysical Research; Atmospheres, 125(20), 17 Pages, 2020/10
被引用回数：0We report simulation results of photonuclear reactions in the atmosphere triggered by a downward terrestrial gamma-ray flash in lightning. Possible channels of reactions in the atmosphere and their cross sections are verified with the ENDF/B-VII.1 library. Monte-Carlo simulations with two stages are then performed with the Geant4 framework. In the first stage, electrons following the relativistic runaway electron avalanche spectrum are produced in a mass model of the atmosphere, and production of photoneutrons and 
-decay nuclei is calculated based on the nuclear data library. In total 1
neutrons and 4
-decay nuclei are produced by 
energetic electrons above 1 MeV. In the second stage, propagation of the photoneutrons and positrons from the -decay nuclei in the previous stage is calculated. As a result, we model on-ground distributions of fluxes and energy spectra for neutrons, neutron-related gamma rays, and annihilation ones. The simulation model is to be compared with photonuclear events detected in low-charge-center winter thunderstorms.
湯浅 孝行*; 和田 有希*; 榎戸 輝揚*; 古田 禄大; 土屋 晴文; 久富 章平*; 辻 結菜*; 奥田 和史*; 松元 崇弘*; 中澤 知洋*; et al.
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (Internet), 2020(10), p.103H01_1 - 103H01_27, 2020/10
We designed, developed, and deployed a distributed sensor network aiming at observing high-energy ionizing radiation, primarily gamma rays, from winter thunderclouds and lightning in coastal areas of Japan. Starting in 2015, we have installed, in total, more than 15 units of ground-based detector system in Ishikawa Prefecture and Niigata Prefecture, and accumulated 551 days of observation time in four winter seasons from late 2015 to early 2019. In this period, our system recorded 51 gamma-ray radiation events from thundercloud and lightning. Highlights of science results obtained from this unprecedented amount of data include the discovery of photonuclear reaction in lightning which produces neutrons and positrons along with gamma rays, and deeper insights into the life cycle of a particle-acceleration and gamma-ray-emitting region in a thunder-cloud. The present paper reviews objective, methodology, and results of our experiment, with a stress on its instrumentation.
-ray measurements of the 
Th isomer村松 はるか*; 林 佑*; 湯浅 直樹*; 紺野 良平*; 山口 敦史*; 満田 和久*; 山崎 典子*; 前畑 京介*; 菊永 英寿*; 滝本 美咲; et al.
Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 200(5-6), p.452 - 460, 2020/09
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：100(Physics, Applied)We have developed a four-pixel array of superconducting transition-edge sensors with gold absorbers for the detection of a 29.2 keV -ray doublet decay from Th. To identify the decay, an energy resolution better than 20 eV full width at half maximum (FWHM) is needed. We measured an energy resolution of 14 eV FWHM for 26 keV -ray decay from an 
Am isotope in combined data of three pixels. We describe the design and the performance of the devices and discuss the baseline correction method to compensate the variation in the baseline, which was observed during the evaluation of the performance using the Am isotope.
Bahtiyar, H.*; Can, K. U.*; Erkol, G.*; Gubler, P.; 岡 眞; 高橋 徹*
Physical Review D, 102(5), p.054513_1 - 054513_18, 2020/09
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：100(Astronomy & Astrophysics)格子QCDによる第一原理計算を用いて、正負パリティのチャームバリオンの基底および励起状態のスペクトルを求めた。チャームクォークを1個, 2個あるいは3個含むバリオンの正および負パリティ状態の質量を、第一原理計算から求めることで、これまでの実験データや模型計算結果との比較を行い、その物理的な意味を解析することが可能となる。今回の計算では、パイオンの質量が観測値に十分近い物理点に近い領域で、2+1フレーバーのゲージ配位を用いた解析を行った。ディラック行列などの配置の異なる複数の演算子を用意し、その交差相関関数を計算し、固有値を求める方法により、基底状態と励起状態のスペクトルを計算した。
Bh in the 
Cm(
Na,5
)Bh reaction and its decay properties羽場 宏光*; Fan, F.*; 加治 大哉*; 笠松 良崇*; 菊永 英寿*; 小森 有希子*; 近藤 成美*; 工藤 久昭*; 森本 幸司*; 森田 浩介*; et al.
Physical Review C, 102(2), p.024625_1 - 024625_12, 2020/08
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：100(Physics, Nuclear)The nuclide Bh was produced in the Cm(Na,5n)Bh reaction at beam energies of 125.9, 130.6, and 135.3 MeV. Decay properties of Bh were investigated with a rotating wheel apparatus for 
and spontaneous fission (SF) spectrometry under low background conditions attained by a gas-jet transport system coupled to the RIKEN gas-filled recoil ion separator. The half-life of Bh was measured to be 
= 10.0
s. The -particle energies of Bh disperse widely in the range of 8.62 - 9.40 MeV. The maximum production cross section for the Cm(Na,5n)Bh reaction was determined to be 
= 57 
14 pb at 130.6 MeV.
RhSi山内 宏樹; Sari, D. P.*; 渡邊 功雄*; 安井 幸夫*; Chang, L.-J.*; 近藤 啓悦; 伊藤 孝; 石角 元志*; 萩原 雅人*; Frontzek, M. D.*; et al.
Communications Materials (Internet), 1, p.43_1 - 43_6, 2020/07
中性子とミュオンの相補利用により、720Kまでの高温での短距離磁気秩序現象をMnRhSiで発見した。
和田 有希*; 中澤 知洋*; 榎戸 輝揚*; 古田 禄大; 湯浅 孝行*; 牧島 一夫*; 土屋 晴文
Physical Review D, 101(10), p.102007_1 - 102007_6, 2020/05
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：100(Astronomy & Astrophysics)During a winter thunderstorm on November 24, 2017, a downward terrestrial gamma-ray flash took place and triggered photonuclear reactions with atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen nuclei, coincident with a lightning discharge at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power station in Japan. We directly detected neutrons produced by the photonuclear reactions with gadolinium orthosilicate scintillation crystals installed at sea level. Two gadolinium isotopes included in the scintillation crystals, 
Gd and 
Gd, have large cross sections of neutron captures to thermal neutrons such as Gd(n,)
Gd and Gd(n,)
Gd. De-excitation gamma rays from Gd and Gd are self-absorbed in the scintillation crystals, and make spectral-line features which can be distinguished from other non-neutron signals. The neutron burst lasted for 
100 ms, and neutron fluences are estimated to be 
58 and 31 neutrons cm
at two observation points at the power plant. Gadolinium orthosilicate scintillators work as valid detectors for thermal neutrons in lightning.
徐 平光; 池田 義雅*; 箱山 智之*; 高村 正人*; 大竹 淑恵*; 鈴木 裕士
Journal of Applied Crystallography, 53(2), p.444 - 454, 2020/04
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：100(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)In order to improve the instrumental accessibility of neutron diffraction technique, the emerging compact neutron sources and in-house neutron diffractometers as a good complementary way have caused wide attention while their analysis precision seems problematic for the practical application. As a challenging project, the RIKEN accelerator-driven compact neutron source (RANS) was employed to establish the technical environment for texture measurement, and the recalculated pole figures and the orientation distribution function (ODF) of an interstitial-free (IF) steel sheet obtained from RANS were compared with the results from another two neutron diffractometers well-established for texture measurement. Moreover, the parameter "square integration of ODF difference" originally for evaluating the numerical error between the measured and simulated textures was generalized here to examine the reliability of RANS texture measurement. These quantitative comparisons revealed that the precise neutron diffraction texture measurement at RANS has been realized successfully and the following technical optimizations are much valuable, including the thickness selection of polyethylene moderator, the sample-to-detector distance, the B
C shielding sheets for the reduced background noise, and the fine region division of the neutron detector panel. Moreover, the Rietveld texture analysis improves the texture reliability through avoiding the unfavorable influence of the uncertain diffraction intensity involved in the low counting, long wavelength incident neutrons at large scattering angles. Above technical results may accelerate the development of other easily accessible engineering materials evaluation techniques using compact neutron source, and also help to improve the data-collecting efficiency for various time-sliced scattering experiments at large neutron facilities.
Bahtiyar, H.*; Can, K. U.*; Erkol, G.*; 岡 眞; 高橋 徹*
JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 26, p.022027_1 - 022027_4, 2019/11
スピン3/2の1重および2重チャームバリオンからスピン1/2の基底状態への光遷移振幅を格子QCDによる第一原理計算を用いて求めた。
Can, K. U.*; Bahtiyar, H.*; Erkol, G.*; Gubler, P.; 岡 眞; 高橋 徹*
JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 26, p.022028_1 - 022028_5, 2019/11
格子QCDによる第一原理計算を用いて、チャームバリオンの基底および励起状態のスペクトルを求めた。
Th nuclear clock isomer determined by absolute -ray energy difference山口 敦史*; 村松 はるか*; 林 佑*; 湯浅 直樹*; 中村 圭佑; 滝本 美咲; 羽場 宏光*; 小無 健司*; 渡部 司*; 菊永 英寿*; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 123(22), p.222501_1 - 222501_6, 2019/11
被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：33.25(Physics, Multidisciplinary)The low-lying isomeric state of Th provides unique opportunities for high-resolution laser spectroscopy of the atomic nucleus. We determine the energy of this isomeric state by measuring the absolute energy difference between two -decays from the 29.2-keV second-excited state. A transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter was used to measure the absolute energy of the 29.2-keV -ray with improved precision. Together with the cross-band transition energy (29.2 keV
ground) and the branching ratio of the 29.2-keV state measured in a recent study, the isomer energy was determined to be 8.300.88 eV. Our result is in agreement with latest measurements based on different experimental techniques, which further confirms that the isomeric state of Th is in the laser-accessible vacuum ultraviolet range.
pentaquark states predicted by a quark modelMeng, Q.*; 肥山 詠美子*; Can, K. U.*; Gubler, P.; 岡 眞; 保坂 淳; Zong, H.*
Physics Letters B, 798, p.135028_1 - 135028_8, 2019/11
被引用回数：0Several compact pentaquark resonances are predicted in a potential quark model. The Hamiltonian is the best available one, which reproduces the masses of the low-lying charmed and strange hadrons well. Full five-body calculations are carried out by the use of the Gaussian expansion method, and the relevant baryon-meson thresholds are taken into account explicitly. Employing the real scaling method, we predict four sharp resonances, 
(
= 5180 MeV, 
= 20 MeV) and others. These are the candidates of compact pentaquark resonance states from the current best quark model, which should be confirmed either by experiments or lattice QCD calculations.
和田 有希*; 榎戸 輝揚*; 中澤 知洋*; 古田 禄大; 湯浅 孝行*; 中村 佳敬*; 森本 健志*; 松元 崇弘*; 牧島 一夫*; 土屋 晴文
Physical Review Letters, 123(6), p.061103_1 - 061103_6, 2019/08
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：20.02(Physics, Multidisciplinary)During a winter thunderstorm on 2017 November 24, a strong burst of gamma-rays with energies up to 10 MeV was detected coincident with a lightning discharge, by scintillation detectors installed at Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant at sea level in Japan. The burst had a sub-second duration, which is suggestive of photoneutron productions. The leading part of the burst was resolved into four intense gamma-ray bunches, each coincident with a low-frequency radio pulse. These bunches were separated by 0.7
1.5 ms, with a duration of 
1 ms each. Thus, the present burst may be considered as a "downward" terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF), which is analogous to up-going TGFs observed from space. Although the scintillation detectors were heavily saturated by these bunches, the total dose associated with them was successfully measured by ionization chambers, employed by nine monitoring posts surrounding the power plant. From this information and Monte Carlo simulations, the present downward TGF is suggested to have taken place at an altitude of 2500500 m, involving 
avalanche electrons with energies above 1 MeV which is comparable to those in up-going TGFs.
河口 宗道; 斉藤 淳一; 大道 博行*; 末元 徹*
UVSOR-46, P. 89, 2019/08
本研究は、真空紫外光が金属ナトリウムを透過する現象を理論的に解明するために、UVSORを利用して正確なスペクトルを取得するのが目的である。特別な容器を設計製作することにより、ナトリウム試料は測定時においても金属光沢を維持していることを確認した。UVSORの測定の結果から、MgF
窓に真空紫外光を透過しにくい層が出来てしまった可能性が示されたので、今後解決して再測定を行う計画である。
榎戸 輝揚*; 和田 有希*; 土屋 晴文
日本物理学会誌, 74(4), p.192 - 200, 2019/04
近年、日本海沿岸にある原子力発電所や自治体がもつ放射線モニタリングポストにより、冬に発生する雷や雷雲の接近に伴い、高エネルギーの放射線の増大が観測されていた。この増大の正体を明かすために、日本海沿岸に位置する柏崎刈羽原子力発電所構内に新型の検出器を設置し、2006年から観測を実施している。また2015年には安価で小型な観測装置を開発し、金沢市や小松市などにも観測拠点を構築してきた。そうした10年以上にわたる観測の結果、雷や雷雲が電子を相対論的なエネルギーに加速できる天然の粒子加速器であることを観測的に実証するとともに、雷が光核反応を引き起こし、中性子や陽電子の発生にも寄与しているという驚くべき事実も明らかにしてきた。こうした放射線観測は、従来の光や電波観測からだけではわからなかった、雷や雷雲が高エネルギー物理現象の現場であるという側面を浮かび上がらせた。本稿では、我々が得た観測結果を解説するとともに、古典的な可視光から電波の観測のみならず、X線や線の観測、宇宙線,原子核物理や大気化学に広がる「雷雲や雷の高エネルギー大気物理学」という新しい学際分野を紹介する。
", a 
-meson nuclear bound state, observed in 
He(
reactions橋本 直; 谷田 聖; 他67名*
Physics Letters B, 789, p.620 - 625, 2019/02
被引用回数：15 パーセンタイル：1.75(Astronomy & Astrophysics)
における
不変質量分布において
、つまり
が2つの陽子に束縛する質量閾値以下に顕著なピークを観測した。
= 350650MeV/
という比較的大きな運動量移行領域を選ぶことで、準弾性散乱(
)に続いて残りの2各紙に吸収される反応(
)をはっきり分離することができる。観測したピークの単純なフィットによってBreit-Wignerポール位置
MeV、幅
MeV、そして
波ガウス形状因子パラメータ
MeV/という値が""というストレンジネスを含む新しい原子核束縛システムについて得られた。
acidic solutions横山 明彦*; 北山 雄太*; 福田 芳樹*; 菊永 英寿*; 村上 昌史*; 小森 有希子*; 矢納 慎也*; 羽場 宏光*; 塚田 和明; 豊嶋 厚史*
Radiochimica Acta, 107(1), p.27 - 32, 2019/01
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：58.8(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)The aim of this study was to identify relevant Rf chemical species by using reversed-phase extraction chromatography with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) resin as the stationary phase. Because TTA can be used to extract specific metal ions, the distribution ratios of the system enabled determination of the specific complex formation constant of Rf. We performed several experiments on chemical systems with Zr, Hf, No, and Rf, determined their adsorption coefficients, and deduced the K values for Rf.
Bartiyar, H.*; Can, K. U.*; Erkol, G.*; 岡 眞; 高橋 徹*
Physical Review D, 98(11), p.114505_1 - 114505_14, 2018/12
被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：42.4(Astronomy & Astrophysics)スピン3/2の2重チャームバリオンからスピン1/2の基底状態への光遷移振幅を格子QCDによる第一原理計算を用いて求めた。
中島 多朗*; 稲村 泰弘; 伊藤 崇芳*; 大石 一城*; 大池 広志*; 賀川 史敬*; 吉川 明子*; 田口 康二郎*; 加倉井 和久*; 十倉 好紀*; et al.
Physical Review B, 98(1), p.014424_1 - 014424_5, 2018/07
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：55.32(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)MnSi中に発生する磁気スキルミオンの相転移の挙動を中性子小角散乱ストロボスコピック測定により観測した。温度を50K/秒という速度で急激に変化させている間に13マイクロ秒の時間分解能で中性子小角散乱パターンの時間変化を測定することに成功し、その結果、温度の上昇によって磁気スキルミオンが消滅する様子や、急速な冷却過程で生成されたスキルミオンが本来存在できない低温まで過冷却状態で残る様子などが明らかとなった。
和田 有希*; Bowers, G. S.*; 榎戸 輝揚*; 鴨川 仁*; 中村 佳敬*; 森本 健志*; Smith, D.*; 古田 禄大*; 中澤 知洋*; 湯浅 孝行*; et al.
Geophysical Research Letters, 45(11), p.5700 - 5707, 2018/06
被引用回数：10 パーセンタイル：17.99(Geosciences, Multidisciplinary)An on-ground observation program for high energy atmospheric phenomena in winter thunderstorms along Japan Sea has been performed via lightning measurements of -ray radiation, atmospheric electric field and low-frequency radio band. On February 11, 2017, the radiation detectors recorded -ray emission lasting for 75 sec. The -ray spectrum extended up to 20 MeV and was reproduced by a cutoff power-law model with a photon index of 1.36
, being consistent with a Bremsstrahlung radiation from a thundercloud (as known as a -ray glow). Then the -ray glow was abruptly terminated with a nearby lightning discharge. The low-frequency radio monitors, installed 50 km away from Noto School, recorded intra/inter-cloud discharges spreading over 60km area with a 300 ms duration. The timing of the -ray termination coincided with the moment when a sequence of intra/inter-cloud discharges passed 0.7 km horizontally away from the radiation monitors. The atmospheric electric-field measurement presented that negative charge was located in the cloud base and not neutralized by the lightning discharge. This indicates that the -ray source was located at an higher region than the cloud base.
