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電子線照射を用いた炭化ケイ素セラミック水素分離膜の作製

Gas permeation property of silicon carbide membrane prepared using radiation curing of polymer precursor film

武山 昭憲; 杉本 雅樹; 吉川 正人

Takeyama, Akinori; Sugimoto, Masaki; Yoshikawa, Masahito

耐蝕性材料である炭化珪素セラミックス(SiC)から成るSiCセラミック薄膜は、腐食性雰囲気から水素(H$$_{2}$$)を回収する水素分離膜への応用が期待されている。SiCセラミック薄膜はアルミナ等でできた多孔質基材表面に形成されるが、SiCセラミック薄膜にH$$_{2}$$分離能を付与するには、SiCセラミックスの前駆体高分子であるポリカルボシラン(PCS)薄膜を、多孔質基材の細孔を閉塞するように形成する技術が不可欠である。本発表では、「再浸漬法」を用いて$$alpha$$アルミナ製多孔質基材の細孔をPCS薄膜で閉塞し、SiCセラミック薄膜へのH$$_{2}$$分離能の付与に取り組んだ。PCS薄膜を表面に塗布した$$alpha$$アルミナ多孔質基材(細孔径100nm)を、3%, 10%PCS溶液に浸漬し(再浸漬)、このときの多孔質基材内部にかかる圧力(内圧)を隔膜式真空計で測定した。その結果、再浸漬時間に比例して内圧が増加し、その増加速度は3%, 10%PCS溶液の順に遅くなり、PCS溶液がPCS薄膜を再溶解しながら基材に浸透することが確かめられた。次に3%溶液を用いて再浸漬時間1.5秒でPCS薄膜を形成後、無酸素雰囲気での電子線架橋及び焼成(700$$^{circ}$$C)によりSiC薄膜を作製した。SiC薄膜のH$$_{2}$$透過率はアレニウスプロットに従うことから、PCS薄膜の再溶解とPCS溶液の浸透を利用して、$$alpha$$アルミナ多孔質基材の細孔をPCS薄膜で閉塞し、SiCセラミック薄膜にH$$_{2}$$分離能が付与できることがわかった。

There is growing interest in H$$_{2}$$ production using inorganic membrane stable in reactant gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) or steam. In this study, we prepared an inorganic membrane from polymer-derived silicon carbide (SiC) using electron beam curing of polymer precursor film. Alpha almina tube, which is chemically stable but has sized pore (averaged diameter size 100 nm), was used as the support. First, supports were dipped in the 10 mass% polycarbosilne (PCS), polymer precursor solution for 1 s and drawn up (the first dipping). After drying, some of those supports coated with PCS film were immersed into another PCS solution whose concentration was 3 mass% for 0.8, 1.5 and 2 s (the second dipping). They were cured by electron beam irradiation in helium atmosphere and pylolyzed at 973 K in argon atmosphere. H$$_{2}$$ permeance of SiC membrane prepared via only the first dipping increased with increasing the temperature, but not following the Arrhenius plot. This means sub-nano meter sized pores and a few of large defects coexisted in the membrane. Whereas, H$$_{2}$$ permeance of the membrane prepared via the first and 1.5s of second dipping increased following the Arrhenius plot. Activation energy of 7.5 kJ/mol calculated from slope of the plot indicates that pores of the support were plugged by SiC film and thermally activated H$$_{2}$$ molecules diffused through the membrane by molecular sieving mechanism.

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