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Geophysical and geochemical signatures associated with mantle fluids beneath an active shear zone, southwest Japan

南九州せん断帯における地球化学および地球物理学的特徴

清水 麻由子   ; 梅田 浩司; 浅森 浩一; 幕内 歩; 末岡 茂   ; 田村 肇

Shimizu, Mayuko; Umeda, Koji; Asamori, Koichi; Makuuchi, Ayumu; Sueoka, Shigeru; Tamura, Hajimu

宮崎市南部から霧島火山群を経て鹿児島県北西部に延びる地域は、1997年鹿児島県北西部地震(双子型地震)をはじめとする東西方向の高角左横ずれを示す地震が多数分布する剪断帯として知られている。ここでの地殻変動は地質学的に極めて新しい時代に始まったと考えられる。深部比抵抗構造解析および地下水の溶存ガスの希ガス同位体分析によると,沖縄トラフから上昇したアセノスフェアに由来するマントル起源の流体が剪断帯の下に広く存在することが明らかになった。この地域のネオテクトニクスには、マントル起源の流体や霧島火山群下のマグマ等によって生じた地殻の不均質が関与している可能性がある。

In 1997, the Kagoshima earthquake doublet, consisting of two closely associated Mw 6 strike-slip events, five km and 48 days apart, has occurred in southwest Japan. The location is where an E-W trending discontinuity along 32N latitude on southern Kyushu Island is clearly defined in GPS velocities, indicating the presence of a highly active left-lateral shear zone. However, there have not been any obvious indications of active faulting at the surface prior to the earthquake doublet, which could be associated with this shear zone. Three-dimensional inversion of magnetotelluric sounding data obtained in the source region of the earthquake doublet reveals a near-vertical conductive zone with a width of 20 km, extending down to the base of the crust and perhaps into the upper mantle toward the Okinawa trough. The prominent conductor corresponds to the western part of the active shear zone. Elevated $$^{3}$$He/$$^{4}$$He ratios in groundwaters sampled from hot spring and drinking water wells suggest the emission of mantle-derived helium from the seismic source region. The geophysical and geochemical observations are significant indications that the invasion of mantle fluids into the crust, driven by upwelling asthenosphere from the Okinawa trough, triggers the notable left-lateral shearing in the zone in the present-day subduction system. In addition, the existence of aqueous fluids in and below the seismogenic layer could change the strength of the zones, and alter the local stress regime, resulting in the occurrence of the 1997 earthquake doublet.

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