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Washout of clay-rich gouge in a pregrouted fault zone and increase of groundwater inflow during tunnel excavation in Neogene siliceous mudstone (Horonobe, Japan)

新第三紀珪質岩の坑道掘削中におけるプレグラウト済の断層帯の粘土優位なガウジの洗い出しと地下水の湧水量増加

石井 英一   ; 橋本 祐太; 稲垣 大介*

Ishii, Eiichi; Hashimoto, Yuta; Inagaki, Daisuke*

本報告は粘土優位なガウジを伴うプレグラウト済の断層帯から生じた坑道掘削中の湧水について述べる。幾つかの観察事実に基づくと、ガウジが坑道掘削中にロックボルトや吹付コンクリートとガウジ部の境界部からトンネル内に洗い流されたことが示唆される。その結果、ガウジ内に生じたパイピングもしくは侵食によってプレグラウト範囲外から坑道内への地下水の流れが促進された。ある壁面の一次吹付を行った後、吹付コンクリートを突き破ってガウジ部に新たに形成された水みちから顕著な湧水が発生した。粘土優位なガウジを伴う断層帯をプレグラウトする際は、ガウジ自身はその低空隙率ゆえにセメントされないので、坑道掘削中のガウジの洗い出しに十分注意する必要がある。

This manuscript describes unpredicted inflow which occurred during tunnel excavation for a permeable fault zone with clay-rich gouge although the fault zone was pregrouted. Some observational evidence indicates that the gouge was increasingly washed out into the tunnel through the rockbolts penetrating the gouge and the boundary between the shotcrete and the gouge on the excavation side wall during excavation. The resultant piping/erosion of the gouge probably accelerated groundwater flow from the outer aquifer of the pregrouted zone to the tunnel. After an excavation outcrop exposing the fault zone was temporarily shotcreted, major inflow occurred from the nucleated flow channel in the fault zone, breaking the shotcrete. When a fault zone including such clay-rich gouge is pregrouted, washout of the gouge during tunnel excavation should be fully cared because the gouge itself is not cemented by pre-grouting due to its low-porosity.

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