Advances in fuel chemistry during a severe accident; Update after Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident

シビアアクシデント時の燃料化学研究の進展; 福島第一原子力発電所事故後のアップデート

倉田 正輝 ; 逢坂 正彦  ; Jacquemain, D.*; Barrachin, M.*; Haste, T.*

Kurata, Masaki; Osaka, Masahiko; Jacquemain, D.*; Barrachin, M.*; Haste, T.*

福島第一原子力発電所(FDNPS)事故後、燃料化学の重要性が再認識された。運転員による最大限の事故防止・拡大防止の試みもあり、3つのユニットの事故進展の間に大きな違いがあることが福島第一原子力発電所の調査及び解析により明らかになった。燃料デブリの特性はこの事故進展の違いに大きく影響されると考えられ、TMI-2事故の解析と模擬実験に基づく典型的事故シナリオから予想されるものとは異なる。非典型的条件含め、シビアアクシデント(SA)に対する知見を適切に改良するため、燃料・炉心溶融崩落と核分裂生成物(FP)挙動の現象論の改良が必須であり、燃料化学の進展は最も根源的なアプローチとなる。本レビューはFDNPS事故後の最近のアップデートと残された課題に焦点を当てた。

The importance of fuel chemistry has been revivaled since Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident. The inspection and analysis of damaged three units, which had been operated in March 11, 2011, showed large differences in the accident progression sequence for these units, because operators attempted to prevent or mitigate the accident progression of each unit by all means possible. Characteristics of fuel debris are considered to be largely influenced by the difference in the sequence and, hence, deviated from those predicted from prototypic accident scenarios, which had been mainly identified from the analysis of Three Mile Island-2 (TMI-2) accident and the following sim-tests. For the proper improvement of our knowledge on severe accident (SA), including non-prototypic conditions, one has to start improving the phenomenology of fuel/core degradation and fission product (FP) behavior. Advances in the chemistry is the most essential approach. The present review attempts to focus on the recent updates and remaining concerns after the FDNPS accident.