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年齢別メッシュ形式人体数値模型を用いた中性子外部被ばく線量のシミュレーション解析

Simulation of absorbed doses at organs and tissues of adult and pediatric mesh-type computational phantoms for external neutron exposures

佐藤 大樹   ; 佐藤 達彦   ; 佐藤 薫   ; 高橋 史明  

Satoh, Daiki; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Sato, Kaoru; Takahashi, Fumiaki

国際放射線防護委員会は、線量計算に利用する成人男女の標準人体数値模型を、従来のボクセル形式に比べてより精細に形状記述できるメッシュ形式で再構築し公開した。また、韓国Hanyang Universityのグループを中心に幼児のメッシュ形式人体数値模型が整備された。これらの模型を利用することで、従来の模型では記述できなかった眼の水晶体や皮膚の基底層などの微小領域を含めた年齢別の線量解析が可能となる。本研究では、新生児,1歳,5歳,10歳,15歳および成人男女のメッシュ形式人体数値模型を放射線挙動解析コードPHITSに組み込み、中性子外部被ばくにおける公衆の被ばく線量を解析した。その結果、入射中性子エネルギー0.1MeV程度までは水素原子核の熱中性子捕獲反応が重要であり、身体が大きく中性子が減速されやすい成人の線量が幼児の線量よりも大きくなることが分かった。さらに、0.1MeVから1MeVでは、水素原子核との弾性散乱が主となり、反跳陽子が身体深部にまで到達する幼児ほど線量が大きくなることを明らかにした。

Recently, International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) released the mesh-type reference computational phantoms of adult male and female, whose resolutions are much higher than those of conventional voxel phantoms. In addition, the mesh-type pediatric computational phantoms of newborn, 1-year-old, 5-year-old, 10-year-old, and 15-year-old male and female were constructed by a research group of Hanyang University, Korea, and became available. In this study, we analyzed age-dependent tissue and organ absorbed doses using those mesh-type phantoms for external neutron exposures. The phantoms were incorporated into a general-purpose radiation transport code PHITS, and irradiated by neutrons at 68 energy points from 10$$^{-9}$$ to 10$$^{4}$$ MeV under 6 ideal irradiation conditions. The simulation results say that the thermal-neutron capture reaction of hydrogen plays an important role below approximately 0.1 MeV and the doses of adults is higher than those of pediatrics because larger body size leads to generating more thermalized neutrons. Above 0.1 MeV, recoil protons from elastic collision of hydrogen are dominant contributor to the doses and doses of pediatrics become larger than those of adults because those protons can reach to deep organs of pediatrics.

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