Development of effectiveness evaluations technology of the measures for improving resilience of nuclear structures against excessive earthquake

過大地震時に対する原子炉構造のレジリエンス向上策の有効性評価技術の開発

西野 裕之  ; 小野田 雄一 ; 栗坂 健一 ; 山野 秀将   

Nishino, Hiroyuki; Onoda, Yuichi; Kurisaka, Kenichi; Yamano, Hidemasa

本研究の目的は破損拡大抑制の概念を導入することによる過大地震時の原子炉構造のレジリエンス向上策の有効性評価技術を開発することである。地震PRAの既往研究のイベントツリー解析の後、本研究はレジリエンス向上に効果的な事故シーケンスとして過大地震時に誘発される崩壊熱除去失敗や原子炉容器内液位確保失敗の事故シーケンスを同定した。このため、本研究ではレジリエンス向上策として安全のための重要機器(原子炉容器,空気冷却器,1次主冷却系の配管など)に着目した。また、炉心損傷頻度をレジリエンス向上策の有効性評価の指標として選定した。機器の耐震裕度は破損拡大抑制の概念からくるレジリエンス向上策が実施されたときに大きくなると想定した。試計算を通じて炉心損傷頻度の減少効果を定量化した。結果、レジリエンス向上策は基準地震動の2.2倍で炉心損傷頻度の減少に効果があったことを示した。有効性評価技術の概念を構築した。

The objective of this study is to develop an effectiveness evaluations technology of the measures for improving resilience of nuclear structures against excessive earthquake by introducing the fracture control concept. After analyzing event tree in previous studies of PRA against earthquake, this study identified sequences of protected loss of heat sink and loss of reactor level induced from excessive earthquake as accident sequences in which improving resilience of nuclear structures become effective. This study focused on important components for safety (e.g., reactor vessel, air coolers, pipes of primary loops in decay heat removal systems, etc.) to be used as countermeasures for improving the resilience. Core damage frequency is selected as an index in evaluating effectiveness of the measures for improving the resilience. Seismic safety margin of the components is assumed to be enlarged when the measures for improving the resilience with the fracture control concept are implemented. Through the trial calculation, reduction effect of the core damage frequency was quantified. The result showed that the measures for improving the resilience are significantly effective for decreasing the core damage frequency in excessive earthquake twice higher than a design basis ground motion. The general concept for the effectiveness evaluations technology was formulated.