SIMMER-III and SIMMER-IV; Computer codes for LMFR core disruptive accident analysis

近藤 悟; 飛田 吉春*; 守田 幸路*; 神山 健司; 山野 秀将; 鈴木 徹*; 田上 浩孝; 曽我部 丞司; 石田 真也

JAEA-Research 2024-008, 235 Pages, 2024/10

JAEA-Research-2024-008.pdf:4.77MB

日本原子力研究開発機構が開発したSIMMER-III及びSIMMER-IVは、2次元/3次元、多速度場、多成分流体力学モデルを空間・時間依存の核動特性モデルと結合した計算コードであり、液体金属高速炉の炉心崩壊事故の解析に広く利用されている。従来コードに対して次のような高度化したモデルが採用されている。すなわち、安定かつ頑健な流体力学アルゴリズム、最大8までの多速度場モデル、構造材及び多相流幾何形状の取扱いの改善、熱及び質量移行過程の包括的取扱い、高精度の状態方程式、高精度かつ高効率の中性子束計算モデル、崩壊熱モデルなどである。本報告書ではSIMMER-III及びSIMMER-IVのモデル及び解法の詳細を記述する。別途詳細が報告されている個別モデルについてはその概要をまとめる。なお、コードの検証及び妥当性確認についてはすでに報告済みである。

Fracture toughness evaluation of the heat-affected zone under the weld overlay cladding in reactor pressure vessel steel

河 侑成; 飛田 徹; 高見澤 悠; 勝山 仁哉

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 145(2), p.021501_1 - 021501_9, 2023/04

https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4055626

The fracture toughness in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), which is located under the weld overlay cladding on the inner surface of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV), was evaluated by considering the inhomogeneous microstructures of the HAZ. In this regard, 0.4T-C(T) specimens and Mini-C(T) specimens were manufactured to clarify the effect of the HAZ on fracture toughness. First, the fracture toughness was evaluated using 0.4T-C(T) specimens targeted on microstructural distribution due to the cladding bead location. The reference temperature () of HAZ at middle region of cladding bead was 12C higher than that at overlap cladding beads. Second, the fracture toughness was evaluated using Mini-C(T) specimens focused on the microstructural difference with distance from the boundary between the cladding and the base metal. The value of the central position located at 3 mm to 7 mm from the boundary between the cladding and the base metal was higher than those of the other positions in HAZ. However, the values of HAZ for both 0.4T-C(T) and Mini-C(T) specimens were significantly lower than that of the base metal at a quarter thickness by 40C60C. Compared with the literature data that indicated fracture toughness at the inner surface without overlay cladding and the base metal at a quarter thickness, this study concluded that the HAZ under the overlay cladding showed no detrimental effect on the conservatism of the structural integrity assessment of RPV steel.

Fracture toughness in postulated crack area of PTS evaluation in highly-neutron irradiated RPV steel

河 侑成; 下平 昌樹; 高見澤 悠; 飛田 徹; 勝山 仁哉; 西山 裕孝

Proceedings of ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2021) (Internet), 6 Pages, 2021/07

The semi-elliptical crack sized 10 mm in depth 60 mm in length shall be postulated near the inner surface of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) in pressurized thermal shock events. We investigated the fracture toughness distribution in the postulated crack area under the PTS events of unirradiated and highly-neutron irradiated RPV steels. Vickers hardness in heat-affected zone (HAZ) due to stainless overlay cladding and 10 mm from the cladding were higher than that of a quarter thickness position, where the surveillance specimens are machined, for both unirradiated (E1) and irradiated (up to 1 10 n/cm, WIM) materials. Fracture toughness of HAZ and 10 mm from the cladding was higher for the above highly-neutron irradiated material. The same result was obtained in the unirradiated material. Therefore, it was confirmed that fracture toughness obtained from surveillance specimens can provide conservative assessment of structural integrity of RPV.

Effect of plastic constraint and cladding on semi-elliptical shaped crack in fracture toughness evaluation for a reactor pressure vessel steel

下平 昌樹; 飛田 徹; 名越 康人*; Lu, K.; 勝山 仁哉

Proceedings of ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2021) (Internet), 8 Pages, 2021/07

JEAC4206-2016における原子炉圧力容器の構造健全性評価では、材料の破壊靭性が、想定欠陥であるクラッド下半楕円亀裂の先端における応力拡大係数よりも高いことが求められている。しかしながら、破壊靭性試験片と想定亀裂の亀裂深さやクラッドの有無といった違いにより、塑性拘束状態や破壊靭性評価に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。本研究では、半楕円亀裂に対する拘束効果やクラッドが破壊靭性評価に及ぼす影響を調べるため、4点曲げ破壊靭性試験及び有限要素解析を実施した。その結果、半楕円亀裂最深点における見かけの破壊靭性がマスターカーブ法に基づく5%信頼下限を上回り、現行評価手法が保守性を有することを確認した。半楕円亀裂における破壊の起点は亀裂最深点だけでなく試験体表面近傍にも観察された。有限要素解析の結果、半楕円亀裂における塑性拘束は亀裂最深点に比べて表面近傍で弱くなっていることが分かった。また、表面亀裂の場合に比べてクラッド下亀裂の場合には塑性拘束が弱められ、その弱い拘束の影響によりクラッド下亀裂の見かけの破壊靭性が表面亀裂のそれよりも高くなることがローカルアプローチによって示唆された。

原子炉圧力容器鋼の照射硬化メカニズム究明; 照射温度制御実験

河 侑成; 下平 昌樹; 飛田 徹; 塙 悟史; 山崎 翔太*; 宇野 定則*

2018年度量子科学技術研究開発機構施設共用実施報告書(インターネット), 3 Pages, 2019/09

https://www.qst.go.jp/uploaded/attachment/14039.pdf

原子炉圧力容器の母材の内表面から約10mm深さの範囲に生じるステンレスオーバーレイクラッド下溶接熱影響部の照射脆化感受性を調査するための電子線照射試験の準備として、原子炉圧力容器鋼の実機環境相当である290Cを目標とした照射温度の制御実験を実施した。冷却装置や試料固定治具の製作等を行い、電子線照射時の電流値による試料の発熱と熱伝導による冷却のバランスを調整し、照射温度を290Cに制御する条件を調べた。その結果、適切な厚さのステンレススペーサーの使用により、290.6C4.7C範囲で照射温度を制御できることを確認した。

Mechanical properties database of reactor pressure vessel steels related to fracture toughness evaluation

飛田 徹; 西山 裕孝; 鬼沢 邦雄

JAEA-Data/Code 2018-013, 60 Pages, 2018/11

JAEA-Data-Code-2018-013.pdf:1.67MB

原子炉圧力容器の健全性を判断する上で、破壊靱性をはじめとする材料の機械的特性は重要な情報となる。本レポートは、日本原子力研究開発機構が取得した中性子照射材を含む原子炉圧力容器鋼材の機械的特性、具体的には引張試験, シャルピー衝撃試験, 落重試験及び破壊靱性試験の公開データをまとめたものである。対象とした材料は、初期プラントから最新プラント相当の不純物含有量及び靱性レベルで製造されたJIS SQV2A(ASTM A533B Class1)相当の5種類の原子炉圧力容器鋼である。また母材に加え、原子炉圧力容器の内張りとして用いられている2種類のステンレスオーバーレイクラッド材の機械的特性データについても記載した。これらの機械的特性データは、材料ごとにグラフで整理するとともに今後のデータの活用しやすさを考慮して表形式でリスト化した。

Fracture toughness evaluation of heat-affected zone under weld overlay cladding in reactor pressure vessel steel

河 侑成; 飛田 徹; 高見澤 悠; 塙 悟史; 西山 裕孝

Proceedings of 2018 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2018), 6 Pages, 2018/07

An evaluation of the fracture toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ), which is located under the weld overlay cladding of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV), was performed. Considering inhomogeneous microstructures of the HAZ, 0.4T-C(T) specimens were manufactured from the cladding strips locations, and Mini-C(T) specimens were fabricated from the distanced location as well as under the cladding. The reference temperature (T) values of HAZ for both 0.4T-C(T) and Mini-C(T) specimens were significantly lower than that of the base metal at a quarter thickness by 40C60C. Compared to the literature data that indicated fracture toughness at the surface without overlay cladding and base metal of a quarter thickness in a pressure vessel plate, this study concluded that the welding thermal history showed no significant effect on the fracture toughness of the inner surface of RPV steel.

Experimental study on debris bed characteristics for the sedimentation behavior of solid particles used as simulant debris

Shamsuzzaman, M.*; 堀江 達郎*; 浮池 亮太*; 神山 基紀*; 森岡 徹*; 松元 達也*; 守田 幸路*; 田上 浩孝; 鈴木 徹*; 飛田 吉春

Annals of Nuclear Energy, 111, p.474 - 486, 2018/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2017.09.011

Particle bed characteristics are experimentally investigated for the sedimentation and subsequent bed formation of solid particles, related to the coolability aspects in core-disruptive accidents. Presently a series of experiments with gravity driven discharge of solid particles into a quiescent water pool was performed to evaluate bed formation characteristic in the course of particle sedimentation. We evaluated the effects of the crucial factors: nozzle diameter, particle density, particle diameter and nozzle height on four key quantitative parameters of bed shape: mound dimple area, mound dimple volume, repose angle and mound height to illustrate the role of the crucial factors on forming the particle bed shape. The investigated crucial factors exhibit a significant role that diversifies the particle bed formation process. Based on the data obtained in the experimental observations, we developed an empirical correlation to compare the predicted results with the experimental bed heights. The proposed empirical correlation can reasonably demonstrate the general trend of the experimental bed height. This correlation could be useful to assess the particle bed elevation, and to identify the governing parameters.

Preliminary analysis of the post-disassembly expansion phase and structural response under unprotected loss of flow accident in prototype sodium cooled fast reactor

小野田 雄一; 松場 賢一; 飛田 吉春; 鈴木 徹

Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 4(3), p.16-00597_1 - 16-00597_14, 2017/06

http://doi.org/10.1299/mej.16-00597

For the prototype sodium-cooled fast reactor, MONJU, the mechanical energy and structural response under energetics caused by neutronic power excursion during Unprotected Loss of Flow accident (ULOF) were preliminarily analyzed. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the integrity of the reactor vessel against the mechanical load induced by the energetics. Conservative energy production was assumed in order to confirm the robustness of the safety design of MONJU. Mechanical energy was evaluated with the code in which mechanistic modelling of core expansion was implemented. The mechanical energy, which were obtained by analyzing the expanding behavior of core materials after energetics, were about one order of magnitude below the thermodynamic work potential calculated by assuming isentropic expansion of the fuel vapor to one atmosphere, which was often used as an indicator to express the severity of the energetics. Structural integrity was then evaluated with coupled fluid-structure dynamics code using the obtained mechanical energy. No or very small circumferential residual strain of the reactor vessel was evaluated in most analytical cases, and even in the most conservative energy production case, the residual strain was only 0.008 % so that the integrity of the reactor vessel is maintained. The result obtained in the present study shows that MONJU has enough robustness against the mechanical load under energetics.

高速炉の炉停止失敗事象における炉容器内終息(IVR)に関する検討,1; ATWSにおけるIVR評価の概要

鈴木 徹; 曽我部 丞司; 飛田 吉春; 堺 公明*; 中井 良大

日本機械学会論文集(インターネット), 83(848), p.16-00395_1 - 16-00395_9, 2017/04

https://doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.16-00395

高速炉の炉停止失敗事象(ATWS: Anticipated Transient without Scram)に対して、原子炉容器内での事象終息(IVR: In-Vessel Retention)の成立性を検討した。検討においては、確率論的評価に基づいて冷却材流量喪失時炉停止失敗事象(ULOF: Unprotected Loss of Flow)をATWSの代表事象に選定した上で、総合的安全解析コードや個別物理モデルを活用して炉心損傷時の事象進展を解析し、事故の機械的影響と熱的影響を評価した。本検討の結果から、原子炉容器は機械的にも熱的にも損傷することはなく、IVRが成立する見通しを得ることができた。