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大柳 洸一*; 高橋 三郎*; 吉川 貴史*; 齊藤 英治
Physical Review B, 107(1), p.014423_1 - 014423_8, 2023/01
被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：94.77(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)We have theoretically investigated the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in a normal metal (NM)/paramagnetic insulator (PI) bilayer system. Through a linear response approach, we calculated the thermal spin pumping from PI to NM and backflow spin current from NM to PI, where the spin-flip scattering via the interfacial exchange coupling between conduction-electron spin in NM and localized spin in PI is taken into account. We found a finite spin current appears at the interface under the difference in the effective temperatures between spins in NM and PI, and its intensity increases by increasing the density of the localized spin S. Our model well reproduces the magnetic-field-induced reduction of the paramagnetic SSE in Pt/Gd
Ga
O
experimentally observed when the Zeeman energy is comparable to the thermal energy, which can be interpreted as the suppression of the interfacial spin-flip scattering. The present finding provides an insight into the mechanism of paramagnetic SSEs and the thermally induced spin-current generation in magnetic materials.
吉川 貴史*; Reitz, D.*; 伊藤 宏陽*; 巻内 崇彦*; 杉本 宜陽*; 恒川 翔*; 大門 俊介*; 大柳 洸一*; Ramos, R.*; 高橋 三郎*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 12, p.4356_1 - 4356_7, 2021/07
被引用回数：19 パーセンタイル：87.71(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Thermoelectric effects have been applied to power generators and temperature sensors that convert waste heat into electricity. The effects, however, have been limited to electrons to occur, and inevitably disappear at low temperatures due to electronic entropy quenching. Here, we report thermoelectric generation caused by nuclear spins in a solid: nuclear-spin Seebeck effect. The sample is a magnetically ordered material MnCO having a large nuclear spin 
of 
Mn nuclei and strong hyperfine coupling, with a Pt contact. In the system, we observe low-temperature thermoelectric signals down to 100 mK due to nuclear-spin excitation. Our theoretical calculation in which interfacial Korringa process is taken into consideration quantitatively reproduces the results. The nuclear thermoelectric effect demonstrated here offers a way for exploring thermoelectric science and technologies at ultralow temperatures.
Se ultrathin films on van der Waals ferromagnet CrSiTe
加藤 剛臣*; 菅原 克明*; 伊東 直洋*; 山内 邦彦*; 佐藤 匠*; 小口 多美夫*; 高橋 隆*; 塩見 雄毅*; 齊藤 英治; 佐藤 宇史*
Physical Review Materials (Internet), 4(8), p.084202_1 - 084202_6, 2020/08
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：20.11(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)We investigated the Dirac-cone state and its modulation when an ultrathin film of topological insulator BiSe was epitaxially grown on a van der Waals ferromagnet CrSiTe (CST) by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We observed a gapless Dirac-cone surface state in six quintuple-layer (6QL) BiSe on CST, whereas the Dirac cone exhibits a gap of 0.37 eV in its 2QL counterpart. Intriguingly, this gap is much larger than those for BiSe films on Si(111). We also revealed no discernible change in the gap magnitude across the ferromagnetic transition of CST, suggesting the very small characteristic length and energy scale of the magnetic proximity effect. The present results suggest a crucial role of interfacial coupling for modulating Dirac electrons in topological-insulator hybrids.
高橋 遼*; 中堂 博之; 松尾 衛; 針井 一哉*; 大沼 悠一*; 前川 禎通; 齊藤 英治
Nature Communications (Internet), 11, p.3009_1 - 3009_6, 2020/06
被引用回数：18 パーセンタイル：79.38(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Hydrodynamic motion can generate a flux of electron-spin's angular momentum via the coupling between fluid rotation and electron spins. Such hydrodynamic generation, called spin hydrodynamic generation (SHDG), has recently attracted attention in a wide range of fields, especially in spintronics. Spintronics deals with spin-mediated interconversion taking place on a micro or nano scale because of the spin-diffusion length scale. To be fully incorporated into the interconversion, SHDG physics should also be established in such a minute scale, where most fluids exhibit a laminar flow. Here, we report electric voltage generation due to the SHDG in a laminar flow of a liquid-metal mercury. The experimental results show a scaling rule unique to the laminar-flow SHDG. Furthermore, its energy con- version efficiency turns out to be about 105 greater than of the turbulent one. Our findings reveal that the laminar-flow SHDG is suitable to downsizing and to extend the coverage of fluid spintronics.
大柳 洸一*; 高橋 三郎*; Cornelissen, L. J.*; Shan, J.*; 大門 俊介*; 吉川 貴史*; Bauer, G. E. W.*; Van Wees, B. J.*; 齊藤 英治
Nature Communications (Internet), 10, p.4740_1 - 4740_6, 2019/10
被引用回数：38 パーセンタイル：89.49(Multidisciplinary Sciences)The discovery of new materials that efficiently transmit spin currents has been important for spintronics and material science. The electric insulator GdGaO (GGG), a standard substrate for growing magnetic films, can be a spin current generator, but has never been considered as a superior conduit for spin currents. Here we report spin current propagation in paramagnetic GGG over several microns. Surprisingly, spin transport persists up to temperatures of 100 K 
T
=180 mK, the magnetic glass-like transition temperature of GGG. At 5 K and 3.5 T, we find a spin diffusion length 
m and a spin conductivity 
Sm
that is larger than that of the record quality magnet YFeO (YIG). We conclude that exchange stiffness is not required for efficient spin transport, which challenges conventional models and provides new material-design strategies for spintronic devices.
亀田 麻衣*; 廣部 大地*; 大門 俊介*; 塩見 雄毅*; 高橋 三郎*; 齊藤 英治
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 476, p.459 - 463, 2019/04
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：4.65(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Nonlinear effects of spin pumping have been investigated by numerically calculating the temporal evolution of the magnon number affected by three- and four-magnon interactions. We showed that the three-magnon interaction gives rise to the enhancement of spin-pumping spin current. We also found that the four-magnon interaction in combination with the three-magnon interaction can be responsible for the experimentally observed low-frequency oscillation of spin current.
Lustikova, J.*; 塩見 雄毅*; 横井 直人*; 壁谷 典幸*; 木村 憲彰*; 家永 紘一郎*; 金子 真一*; 大熊 哲*; 高橋 三郎*; 齊藤 英治
Nature Communications (Internet), 9, p.4922_1 - 4922_6, 2018/11
被引用回数：32 パーセンタイル：84.16(Multidisciplinary Sciences)A rectenna, standing for a rectifying antenna, is an apparatus which generates d.c. electricity from electric fluctuations. It is expected to realize wireless power transmission as well as energy harvesting from environmental radio waves. To realize such rectification, devices that are made up of internal atomic asymmetry such as an asymmetric junction have been necessary so far. Here we report a material that spontaneously generates electricity by rectifying environmental fluctuations without using atomic asymmetry. The sample is a common superconductor without lowered crystalline symmetry, but, just by putting it in an asymmetric magnetic environment, it turns into a rectifier and starts generating electricity. Superconducting vortex strings only annihilate and nucleate at surfaces, and this allows the bulk electrons to feel surface fluctuations in an asymmetric environment: a vortex rectenna. The rectification and generation can be switched on and off with only a slight change in temperature or external magnetic fields.
塩見 雄毅*; Lustikova, J.*; 渡辺 真悟*; 廣部 大地*; 高橋 三郎*; 齊藤 英治
Nature Physics, 15(1), p.22 - 26, 2018/10
被引用回数：17 パーセンタイル：75.63(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Various spintronic phenomena originate from the exchange of angular momentum between the spin of electrons and other degrees of freedom in crystalline materials. Many degrees of freedom, such as magnetization and mechanical motion, have already been united into this exchange framework. However, the nuclear spin -a key angular momentum- has yet to be incorporated. Here we observe spin pumping from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), in which nuclear spin dynamics emits a spin current, a flow of spin angular momentum of electrons. By using the canted antiferromagnet MnCO, in which typical nuclear spin-wave formation is established due to the reinforced hyperfine coupling, we find that a spin current is generated from an NMR. Nuclear spins are indispensable for quantum information technology and are also frequently used in various sensors, such as in magnetic resonance imaging. The observed NMR spin pumping allows spin-current generation from nuclei and will enable spintronic detection of nuclear spin states.
渡辺 真悟*; 廣部 大地*; 塩見 雄毅*; 井口 亮*; 大門 俊介*; 亀田 麻衣*; 高橋 三郎*; 齊藤 英治
Scientific Reports (Internet), 7, p.4576_1 - 4576_6, 2017/07
被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：29.3(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Spin pumping enables the generation of d.c. and gigahertz-band (GHz-band) voltages from an applied microwave via magnetization dynamics when combined with inverse spin Hall effects. However, generating such voltages in the in-between frequency region, or the megahertz (MHz) band, has been difficult since ferromagnetic resonance usually occurs in the GHz band. Here we show that in spite of GHz-band microwaves applied, MHz-band voltages can be generated by spin pumping with use of nonlinear magnetization dynamics in YFeO. The mechanism is ascribed to the MHz-band oscillation of the amplitude of the magnetization precession, which is projected onto a rectified voltage component via spin pumping. The present finding could be useful for frequency down-conversion thanks to the simple and durable structure, continuous-wave operation, and the tunability of an output frequency with low magnetic fields.
FeO cantileversSeo, Y.-J.*; 針井 一哉; 高橋 遼*; 中堂 博之; 大柳 洸一*; Qiu, Z.*; 小野 崇人*; 塩見 雄毅*; 齊藤 英治
Applied Physics Letters, 110(13), p.132409_1 - 132409_4, 2017/03
被引用回数：12 パーセンタイル：50.54(Physics, Applied)フェリ磁性体であるYFeOを用いたサブミクロンカンチレバーを収束イオンビーム法によって作成し、その振動特性を磁場によって制御した。カンチレバーは縦横2つの振動モードを示し、それぞれのモードは外部磁場の印加によって共鳴周波数が減少、増大した。この結果は磁気力の磁場変化を取り扱った数値シミュレーションでよく再現された。周波数変化は数%に及ぶことから、磁場による高効率な振動制御が行われたと結論できる。
Chen, Y.-T.*; 高橋 三郎*; 中山 裕康*; Althammer, M.*; Goennenwein, S. T. B.*; 齊藤 英治; Bauer, G. E. W.*
Journal of Physics; Condensed Matter, 28(10), p.103004_1 - 103004_15, 2016/03
被引用回数：83 パーセンタイル：61.37(Physics, Condensed Matter)スピンホール効果によってスピン流が発生する金属と磁性絶縁体との二重層におけるいわゆるスピンホール磁気抵抗(SMR)を概観する。関連する角運動量が強磁性層に伝達され、それにより電気抵抗が印加電流と磁化方向との間の角度によって変調される。SMRは、絶縁体の磁化方向とスピン伝達トルクを非侵入的に測定するための便利なツールを提供する。SMR、すなわちスピン拡散理論および量子力学的境界条件を計算するための最小の理論的手段を紹介する。これは、実験に適合させることができる少数のパラメータを導出する。理論の限界と、強磁性近接効果やRashbaスピン軌道トルクなどの代替メカニズムについて議論し、新しい展開を指摘する。
高橋 遼*; 松尾 衛; 小野 正雄; 針井 一哉; 中堂 博之; 岡安 悟; 家田 淳一; 高橋 三郎*; 前川 禎通; 齊藤 英治
Nature Physics, 12, p.52 - 56, 2016/01
被引用回数：109 パーセンタイル：96.35(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Magnetohydrodynamic generation is the conversion of fluid kinetic energy into electricity. Such conversion, which has been applied to various types of electric power generation, is driven by the Lorentz force acting on charged particles and thus a magnetic field is necessary. On the other hand, recent studies of spintronics have revealed the similarity between the function of a magnetic field and that of spin-orbit interactions in condensed matter. This suggests the existence of an undiscovered route to realize the conversion of fluid dynamics into electricity without using magnetic fields. Here we show electric voltage generation from fluid dynamics free from magnetic fields; we excited liquid-metal flows in a narrow channel and observed longitudinal voltage generation in the liquid. This voltage has nothing to do with electrification or thermoelectric effects, but turned out to follow a universal scaling rule based on a spin-mediated scenario. The result shows that the observed voltage is caused by spin-current generation from a fluid motion: spin hydrodynamic generation. The observed phenomenon allows us to make mechanical spin-current and electric generators, opening a door to fluid spintronics.
小野 正雄; 中堂 博之; 針井 一哉; 岡安 悟; 松尾 衛; 家田 淳一; 高橋 遼*; 前川 禎通; 齊藤 英治
Physical Review B, 92(17), p.174424_1 - 174424_4, 2015/11
被引用回数：30 パーセンタイル：74.42(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)We report the observation of the Barnett effect in paramagnetic states by mechanically rotating gadolinium (Gd) metal with a rotational frequency of up to 1.5 kHz above the Curie temperature. An in situ magnetic measurement setup comprising a high-speed rotational system and a fluxgate magnetic sensor was developed for the measurement. Temperature dependence of the observed magnetization follows that of paramagnetic susceptibility, indicating that any emergent magnetic field is proportional to the rotational frequency and is independent of temperature. From the proportionality constant of the emergent field, the gyromagnetic ratio of Gd is calculated to be -29 
5 GHz/T. This study revisits the primordial issue of magnetism with modern technologies to shed new light on the fundamental spin-rotation coupling.
Qiu, Z.*; 安藤 和也*; 内田 健一*; 梶原 瑛祐*; 高橋 遼*; 中山 裕康*; 安 東秀*; 藤川 安仁*; 齊藤 英治
Applied Physics Letters, 103(9), p.092404_1 - 092404_4, 2013/08
被引用回数：116 パーセンタイル：95.79(Physics, Applied)白金(Pt)/イットリウム鉄ガーネット(YIG)界面を高い精度で制御することに成功し、そのPt/YIG界面におけるスピンミキシングコンダクタンスを研究した。高い結晶性をもつ明瞭な界面が、ミキシングコンダクタンスの最大値を得るためには重要な要素であることを実験的に示した。そのスピンミキシングコンダクタンスはよく制御されたPt/YIG界面において、理論的予想最大値と近い、1.3
10
m
という値が得られた。
Chen, Y.-T.*; 高橋 三郎*; 中山 裕康*; Althammer, M.*; Goennenwein, S. T. B.*; 齊藤 英治; Bauer, G. E. W.*
Physical Review B, 87(14), p.144411_1 - 144411_9, 2013/04
被引用回数：622 パーセンタイル：99.7(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Ptを代表とするスピン軌道相互作用を持つ常磁性層と、イットリウム鉄ガーネットのような強磁性絶縁体からなる複合膜におけるスピンHall磁気抵抗効果についての理論を提案した。スピンHall磁気抵抗効果はスピンHall効果と逆スピンHall効果によって起きる非平衡な界面磁化に起因している。強磁性/常磁性2層膜および強磁性/常磁性/強磁性3層膜におけるスピンHall磁気抵抗効果を計算し、2層膜の計算がスピンHall磁気抵抗効果の実験結果を説明できること、3層膜では磁化が平行配置になることでスピンHall磁気抵抗効果の強度が増強されることが分かった。特に、3層膜におけるスピンHall磁気抵抗効果とスピン移行トルクが磁化配置によって制御可能であることが示された。
Fe
/Pt films中山 裕康*; 安藤 和也*; 針井 一哉; 吉野 達郎*; 高橋 遼*; 梶原 瑛祐*; 内田 健一*; 藤川 安仁*; 齊藤 英治
Physical Review B, 85(14), p.144408_1 - 144408_7, 2012/04
被引用回数：192 パーセンタイル：97.97(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)強磁性共鳴(FMR)によるスピンポンピングで誘起される逆スピンHall効果(ISHE)の形状依存性を定量的に調べた。NiFe/Pt薄膜のサイズと膜厚を変え、FMRスペクトルとISHEによって誘起される起電力を測定した。薄膜形状を変えるとISHEによって誘起される電流はシステマティックに変化する。スピンポンピングによって誘起されるISHEの膜厚依存性はNiFeとPtでは異なっている。
安藤 和也*; 高橋 三郎; 家田 淳一; 紅林 秀和*; Trypiniotis, T.*; Barnes, C. H. W.*; 前川 禎通; 齊藤 英治
Nature Materials, 10(9), p.655 - 659, 2011/09
被引用回数：251 パーセンタイル：98.66(Chemistry, Physical)Injection of spin currents into solids is crucial for exploring spin physics and spintronics. There has been significant progress in recent years in spin injection into high-resistivity materials, for example, semiconductors and organic materials, which uses tunnel barriers to circumvent the impedance mismatch; the impedance mismatch between ferromagnetic metals and high-resistivity materials drastically limits the spin-injection efficiency. However, because of this problem, there is no route for spin injection into these materials through low-resistivity interfaces, that is, Ohmic contacts, even though this promises an easy and versatile pathway for spin injection without the need for growing high-quality tunnel barriers. Here we show experimental evidence that spin pumping enables spin injection free from this condition; room-temperature spin injection into GaAs from NiFe through an Ohmic contact is demonstrated through dynamical spin exchange. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this exchange can be controlled electrically by applying a bias voltage across a NiFe/GaAs interface, enabling electric tuning of the spin-pumping efficiency.
梶原 瑛祐*; 高橋 三郎*; 前川 禎通; 齊藤 英治*
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 47(6), p.1591 - 1594, 2011/06
被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：47.25(Engineering, Electrical & Electronic)Conduction electron can carry a flow spin angular momentum, a spin current. This paper describes another type of spin current: a spin current carried by spin waves. Some types of spin waves can carry a spin current, which can propagate both in insulators and metals. These two types of spin currents were found to exchange each other at a Pt/Y
Fe
O interface.
安藤 和也*; 高橋 三郎; 家田 淳一; 梶原 瑛祐*; 中山 裕康*; 吉野 達郎*; 針井 一哉*; 藤川 安仁*; 松尾 衛*; 前川 禎通; et al.
Journal of Applied Physics, 109(10), p.103913_1 - 103913_11, 2011/05
被引用回数：431 パーセンタイル：99.5(Physics, Applied)強磁性/常磁性複層系において、スピンポンピングによって誘起された逆スピンホール効果(ISHE)の系統的な研究を行う。強磁性共鳴により駆動されたスピンポンピングが常磁性層にスピン流を注入し、常磁性層におけるISHEの作用によりスピン流に対して横向きに起電力が生じる。NiFe/Pt薄膜系では、強磁性共鳴条件において印加磁場の向きと直交する方向に起電力が発生することがわかった。起電力のスペクトル形状はローレンツ関数を用いてよく再現され、観測された起電力は完全にスピンポンピング誘起のISHEによるものであることを示している。すなわち、本実験ではその他の外的な磁気電圧効果は排除されている。起電力はマイクロ波強度,印加磁場の方向,薄膜の大きさに対し系統的に変化する。この振る舞いはLandau-Lifshitz-Gilbert方程式に基づく理論計算によりよく再現される。また、この起電力は、NiFeを強磁性絶縁体YFe
GaOで置き換えたPt/YFeGaO複層膜系においても観測され、スピンポンピング誘起ISHEが起電力の起源となっていることを示唆している。
安立 裕人; 内田 健一*; 齊藤 英治; 大江 純一郎; 高橋 三郎; 前川 禎通
Applied Physics Letters, 97(25), p.252506_1 - 252506_3, 2010/12
被引用回数：145 パーセンタイル：96.57(Physics, Applied)理論的かつ実験的にスピンゼーベック効果の低温での巨大な増幅現象を議論する。われわれの理論解析は、この現象におけるフォノンの自由度の重要性を明らかとした。すなわち、スピンゼーベック効果は低エネルギースピン励起を引き起こす非平衡フォノンによって強く増幅されるのである。われわれはさらに、大域的なスピン流を伴わないスピンゼーベック効果の観測を理解する鍵が上記のフォノンドラッグのシナリオにあることを指摘し、基盤の情報がスピンゼーベック効果に影響を与えることを予言する。
