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論文

$$phi$$ meson production in $$p$$$$+$$Al, $$p$$$$+$$Au, $$d$$$$+$$Au, and $$^3$$He$$+$$Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV

Acharya, U. A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他365名*

Physical Review C, 106(1), p.014908_1 - 014908_13, 2022/07

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.106.014908
 被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：67.20(Physics, Nuclear)

Small nuclear collisions are mainly sensitive to cold-nuclear-matter effects; however, the collective behavior observed in these collisions shows a hint of hot-nuclear-matter effects. The identified-particle spectra, especially the $$phi$$ mesons which contain strange and antistrange quarks and have a relatively small hadronic-interaction cross section, are a good tool to study these effects. The PHENIX experiment has measured $$phi$$ mesons in a specific set of small collision systems $$p$$$$+$$Al, $$p$$$$+$$Au, and $$^3$$He$$+$$Au, as well as $$d$$$$+$$Au, at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV. The transverse-momentum spectra and nuclear-modification factors are presented and compared to theoretical-model predictions. The comparisons with different calculations suggest that quark-gluon plasma may be formed in these small collision systems at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV. However, the volume and the lifetime of the produced medium may be insufficient for observing strangeness-enhancement and jet-quenching effects. Comparison with calculations suggests that the main production mechanisms of $$phi$$ mesons at midrapidity may be different in $$p$$$$+$$Al versus $$p/d/$$$$^3$$He$$+$$Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV. While thermal quark recombination seems to dominate in $$p/d/$$$$^3$$He$$+$$Au collisions, fragmentation seems to be the main production mechanism in $$p$$$$+$$Al collisions.

論文

Systematic study of nuclear effects in $$p$$$$+$$Al, $$p$$$$+$$Au, $$d$$$$+$$Au, and $$^{3}$$He$$+$$Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV using $$pi^0$$ production

Acharya, U. A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他547名*

Physical Review C, 105(6), p.064902_1 - 064902_19, 2022/06

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.064902
 被引用回数：20 パーセンタイル：94.22(Physics, Nuclear)

The PHENIX collaboration presents a systematic study of $$pi^0$$ production from $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$, $$p$$$$+$$Al, $$p$$$$+$$Au, $$d$$$$+$$Au, and $$^{3}$$He$$+$$Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV. Measurements were performed with different centrality selections as well as the total inelastic, 0% - 100%, selection for all collision systems. For 0% - 100% collisions, the nuclear modification factors, $$R_{xA}$$, are consistent with unity for $$p_T$$ above 8 GeV/$$c$$, but exhibit an enhancement in peripheral collisions and a suppression in central collisions. The enhancement and suppression characteristics are similar for all systems for the same centrality class. It is shown that for high-$$p_T$$-$$pi^0$$ production, the nucleons in the $$d$$ and $$^3$$He interact mostly independently with the Au nucleus and that the counter intuitive centrality dependence is likely due to a physical correlation between multiplicity and the presence of a hard scattering process. These observations disfavor models where parton energy loss has a significant contribution to nuclear modifications in small systems. Nuclear modifications at lower $$p_T$$ resemble the Cronin effect - an increase followed by a peak in central or inelastic collisions and a plateau in peripheral collisions. The peak height has a characteristic ordering by system size as $$p$$$$+$$Au $$>$$ $$d$$$$+$$Au $$>$$ $$^{3}$$He$$+$$Au $$>$$ $$p$$$$+$$Al. For collisions with Au ions, current calculations based on initial state cold nuclear matter effects result in the opposite order, suggesting the presence of other contributions to nuclear modifications, in particular at lower $$p_T$$.

論文

Measurement of $$psi(2S)$$ nuclear modification at backward and forward rapidity in $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$, $$p$$$$+$$Al, and $$p$$$$+$$Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV

Acharya, U. A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他310名*

Physical Review C, 105(6), p.064912_1 - 064912_15, 2022/06

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.064912
 被引用回数：15 パーセンタイル：91.22(Physics, Nuclear)

Suppression of the $$J/psi$$ nuclear-modification factor has been seen as a trademark signature of final-state effects in large collision systems for decades. In small systems, the nuclear modification was attributed to cold-nuclear-matter effects until the observation of strong differential suppression of the $$psi(2S)$$ state in $$p/d$$$$+$$$$A$$ collisions suggested the presence of final-state effects. Results of $$J/psi$$ and $$psi(2S)$$ measurements in the dimuon decay channel are presented here for $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$, $$p$$$$+$$Al, and $$p$$$$+$$Au collision systems at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV. The results are predominantly shown in the form of the nuclear-modification factor, $$R_{pA}$$, the ratio of the $$psi(2S)$$ invariant yield per nucleon-nucleon collision in collisions of proton on target nucleus to that in $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ collisions. Measurements of the $$J/psi$$ and $$psi(2S)$$ nuclear-modification factor are compared with shadowing and transport-model predictions, as well as to complementary measurements at Large-Hadron-Collider energies.

論文

Kinematic dependence of azimuthal anisotropies in $$p$$$$+$$Au, $$d$$$$+$$Au, and $$^3$$He+Au at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$$ = 200 GeV

Acharya, U. A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他378名*

Physical Review C, 105(2), p.024901_1 - 024901_13, 2022/02

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.024901
 被引用回数：12 パーセンタイル：87.03(Physics, Nuclear)

There is strong evidence for the formation of small droplets of quark-gluon plasma in $$p/d/^{3}$$He+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and in $$p$$+$$p$$/Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. In particular, the analysis of data at RHIC for different geometries obtained by varying the projectile size and shape has proven insightful. In the present analysis, we find excellent agreement with the previously published PHENIX at RHIC results on elliptical and triangular flow with an independent analysis via the two-particle correlation method, which has quite different systematic uncertainties and an independent code base. In addition, the results are extended to other detector combinations with different kinematic (pseudorapidity) coverage. These results provide additional constraints on contributions from nonflow and longitudinal decorrelations.

論文

Transverse-single-spin asymmetries of charged pions at midrapidity in transversely polarized $$p{+}p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}=200$$ GeV

Acharya, U. A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他306名*

Physical Review D, 105(3), p.032003_1 - 032003_8, 2022/02

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.032003
 被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：20.31(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

In 2015, the PHENIX collaboration has measured single-spin asymmetries for charged pions in transversely polarized proton-proton collisions at the center of mass energy of $$sqrt{s}=200$$ GeV. The pions were detected at central rapidities of $$|eta| < 0.35$$. The single-spin asymmetries are consistent with zero for each charge individually, as well as consistent with the previously published neutral-pion asymmetries in the same rapidity range. However, they show a slight indication of charge-dependent differences which may suggest a flavor dependence in the underlying mechanisms that create these asymmetries.

論文

Transverse single spin asymmetries of forward neutrons in $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$, $$p$$$$+$$Al, and $$p$$$$+$$Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$$ = 200 GeV as a function of transverse and longitudinal momenta

Acharya, U. A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他305名*

Physical Review D, 105(3), p.032004_1 - 032004_13, 2022/02

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.032004
 被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：37.56(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

In 2015 the PHENIX collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider recorded $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$, $$p$$$$+$$Al, and $$p$$$$+$$Au collision data at center of mass energies of $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV with the proton beam(s) transversely polarized. At very forward rapidities $$eta > 6.8$$ relative to the polarized proton beam, neutrons were detected either inclusively or in (anti)correlation with detector activity related to hard collisions. The resulting single spin asymmetries, that were previously reported, have now been extracted as a function of the transverse momentum of the neutron as well as its longitudinal momentum fraction $$x_F$$. The explicit kinematic dependence, combined with the correlation information allows for a closer look at the interplay of different mechanisms suggested to describe these asymmetries, such as hadronic interactions or electromagnetic interactions in ultra-peripheral collisions, UPC. Events that are correlated with a hard collision indeed display a mostly negative asymmetry that increases in magnitude as a function of transverse momentum with only little dependence on $$x_F$$. In contrast, events that are not likely to have emerged from a hard collision display positive asymmetries for the nuclear collisions with a kinematic dependence that resembles that of a UPC based model. Because the UPC interaction depends strongly on the charge of the nucleus, those effects are very small for $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ collisions, moderate for $$p$$$$+$$Al collisions, and large for $$p$$$$+$$Au collisions.

論文

Probing gluon spin-momentum correlations in transversely polarized protons through midrapidity isolated direct photons in $$p^uparrow+p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$=200 GeV

Acharya, U. A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他306名*

Physical Review Letters, 127(16), p.162001_1 - 162001_8, 2021/10

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.162001
 被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：61.95(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Studying spin-momentum correlations in hadronic collisions offers a glimpse into a three-dimensional picture of proton structure. The transverse single-spin asymmetry for midrapidity isolated direct photons in $$p^uparrow+p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$=200 GeV is measured with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Because direct photons in particular are produced from the hard scattering and do not interact via the strong force, this measurement is a clean probe of initial-state spin-momentum correlations inside the proton and is in particular sensitive to gluon interference effects within the proton. This is the first time direct photons have been used as a probe of spin-momentum correlations at RHIC. The uncertainties on the results are a fifty-fold improvement with respect to those of the one prior measurement for the same observable, from the Fermilab E704 experiment. These results constrain gluon spin-momentum correlations in transversely polarized protons.

論文

Transverse single-spin asymmetries of midrapidity $$pi^0$$ and $$eta$$ mesons in polarized $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}=200$$ GeV

Acharya, U. A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他309名*

Physical Review D, 103(5), p.052009_1 - 052009_10, 2021/03

AA2022-0151.pdf:0.51MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.052009
 被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：33.21(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

We present a measurement of the transverse single-spin asymmetry for $$pi^0$$ and $$eta$$ mesons in $$p^uparrow$$$$+$$$$p$$ collisions in the pseudorapidity range $$|eta|< 0.35$$ and at a center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. In comparison with previous measurements in this kinematic region, these results have a factor of 3 smaller uncertainties. As hadrons, $$pi^0$$ and $$eta$$ mesons are sensitive to both initial- and final-state nonperturbative effects for a mix of parton flavors. Comparisons of the differences in their transverse single-spin asymmetries have the potential to disentangle the possible effects of strangeness, isospin, or mass. These results can constrain the twist-3 trigluon collinear correlation function as well as the gluon Sivers function.

論文

Transverse momentum dependent forward neutron single spin asymmetries in transversely polarized $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}=200$$ GeV

Acharya, U. A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他308名*

Physical Review D, 103(3), p.032007_1 - 032007_8, 2021/02

AA2022-0016.pdf:0.91MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.032007
 被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：20.82(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

In 2015, the PHENIX collaboration has measured very forward ($$eta > 6.8$$) single-spin asymmetries of inclusive neutrons in transversely polarized proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions at a center of mass energy of 200 GeV. A previous publication from this data set concentrated on the nuclear dependence of such asymmetries. In this measurement the explicit transverse-momentum dependence of inclusive neutron single spin asymmetries for proton-proton collisions is extracted using a bootstrapping-unfolding technique on the transverse momenta. This explicit transverse-momentum dependence will help improve the understanding of the mechanisms that create these asymmetries.

論文

$$J/psi$$ and $$psi(2S)$$ production at forward rapidity in $$p$$+$$p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}=510$$ GeV

Acharya, U. A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一*; 永宮 正治*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他353名*

Physical Review D, 101(5), p.052006_1 - 052006_13, 2020/03

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.052006
 被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：39.04(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured the differential cross section, mean transverse momentum, mean transverse momentum squared of inclusive $$J/psi$$ and cross-section ratio of $$psi(2S)$$ to $$J/psi$$ at forward rapidity in $$pp$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s} = 510$$ GeV via the dimuon decay channel. Comparison is made to inclusive $$J/psi$$ cross sections measured at $$sqrt{s} = 200$$ GeV and 2.76 - 13 TeV. The result is also compared to leading-order nonrelativistic QCD calculations coupled to a color-glass-condensate description of the low-$$x$$ gluons in the proton at low transverse momentum ($$p_T$$) and to next-to-leading order nonrelativistic QCD calculations for the rest of the $$p_T$$ range. These calculations overestimate the data at low $$p_T$$. While consistent with the data within uncertainties above $$approx 3$$ GeV/$$c$$, the calculations are systematically below the data. The total cross section times the branching ratio is BR $$dsigma^{J/psi}_{pp}/dy (1.2 < |y| < 2.2, 0 < p_T < 10$$ GeV/$$c$$) = 54.3 $$pm$$ 0.5 (stat) $$pm$$ 5.5 (syst) nb.

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