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論文

Clades of huge phages from across Earth's ecosystems

Al-Shayeb, B.*; Sachdeva, R.*; Chen, L.-X.*; Ward, F.*; Munk, P.*; Devoto, A.*; Castelle, C. J.*; Olm, M. R.*; Bouma-Gregson, K.*; 天野 由記; et al.

Nature, 578(7795), p.425 - 431, 2020/02

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2007-4
 被引用回数：223 パーセンタイル：99.5(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Phage typically have small genomes and depend on their bacterial hosts for replication. We generated metagenomic datasets from many diverse ecosystems and reconstructed hundreds of huge phage genomes, between 200 kbp and 716 kbp in length. Thirty four genomes were manually curated to completion, including the largest phage genomes yet reported. Expanded genetic repertoires include diverse and new CRISPR-Cas systems, tRNAs, tRNA synthetases, tRNA modification enzymes, initiation and elongation factors and ribosomal proteins. Phage CRISPR have the capacity to silence host transcription factors and translational genes, potentially as part of a larger interaction network that intercepts translation to redirect biosynthesis to phage-encoded functions. Some phage repurpose bacterial systems for phage-defense to eliminate competing phage. We phylogenetically define seven major clades of huge phage from human and other animal microbiomes, oceans, lakes, sediments, soils and the built environment. We conclude that large gene inventories reflect a conserved biological strategy, observed across a broad bacterial host range and resulting in the distribution of huge phage across Earth's ecosystems.

論文

$$^{239}$$Pu nuclear magnetic resonance in the candidate topological insulator PuB$$_4$$

Dioguardi, A. P.*; 安岡 弘志*; Thomas, S. M.*; 酒井 宏典; Cary, S. K.*; Kozimor, S. A.*; Albrecht-Schmitt, T. E.*; Choi, H. C.*; Zhu, J.-X.*; Thompson, J. D.*; et al.

Physical Review B, 99(3), p.035104_1 - 035104_6, 2019/01

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.99.035104
 被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：37.59(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

正方晶プルトニウムボロン化合物PuB$$_{4}$$の単結晶、および粉末試料を用いて、$$^{239}$$Pu核核磁気共鳴(NMR)実験を行なった。この化合物は、最近になって強相関電子系のトポロジカル絶縁体候補物質と考えられている。$$^{239}$$Pu核NMRスペクトルは、結晶内Pu位置の局所対称性を反映したものとなっており、NMRシフトとNMR緩和率の温度依存性は、エネルギーギャップをもつ非磁性状態にあることが示唆された。これは、密度汎関数理論計算結果とも矛盾しない。実際に観測された巨視的なギャップ状態は、本化合物がトポロジカル絶縁体候補であることを支持している。

論文

Battery-free, skin-interfaced microfluidic/electronic systems for simultaneous electrochemical, colorimetric, and volumetric analysis of sweat

Bandodkar, A. J.*; Gutruf, P.*; Choi, J.*; Lee, K.-H.*; 関根 由莉奈; Reeder, J. T.*; Jeang, W. J.*; Aranyosi, A. J.*; Lee, S. P.*; Model, J. B.*; et al.

Science Advances (Internet), 5(1), p.eaav3294_1 - eaav3294_15, 2019/01

https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3294
 被引用回数：451 パーセンタイル：99.88(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

非侵襲でバイオマーカーを検出し得るウェアラブルデバイスが注目されている。しかしながら現在までに存在するウェアラブルデバイスはその電力源や検出部分などの小型化が困難であったことから重さや大きさの点でポータビリティに欠けていた。本研究では、バッテリーフリーでかつ電気的、呈色式を用いて重要バイオマーカーである塩化物, 乳酸, グルコース, pHを検出できるスウェットデバイスを開発した。

論文

Detailed $$alpha$$-decay study of $$^{180}$$Tl

Andel, B.*; Andreyev, A. N.; Antalic, S.*; Barzakh, A.*; Bree, N.*; Cocolios, T. E.*; Comas, V. F.*; Diriken, J.*; Elseviers, J.*; Fedorov, D. V.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 96(5), p.054327_1 - 054327_11, 2017/12

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.054327
 被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：27.61(Physics, Nuclear)

A detailed $$alpha$$-decay spectroscopy study of $$^{180}$$Tl has been performed at ISOLDE (CERN). Z-selective ionization by the Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) coupled to mass separation provided a high-purity beam of $$^{180}$$Tl. Fine-structure $$alpha$$ decays to excited levels in the daughter $$^{176}$$Au were identified and an $$alpha$$-decay scheme of $$^{180}$$Tl was constructed based on an analysis of $$alpha$$-$$gamma$$ and $$alpha$$-$$gamma$$ -$$gamma$$ coincidences. Multipolarities of several $$gamma$$-ray transitions deexciting levels in $$^{176}$$Au were determined. Based on the analysis of reduced $$alpha$$-decay widths, it was found that all $$alpha$$ decays are hindered, which signifies a change of configuration between the parent and all daughter states.

論文

EXILL; A High-efficiency, high-resolution setup for $$gamma$$-spectroscopy at an intense cold neutron beam facility

Jentschel, M.*; Blanc, A.*; de France, G.*; K$"o$ster, U.*; Leoni, S.*; Mutti, P.*; Simpson, G.*; Soldner, T.*; Ur, C.*; Urban, W.*; et al.

Journal of Instrumentation (Internet), 12(11), p.P11003_1 - P11003_33, 2017/11

https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/11/P11003
 被引用回数：38 パーセンタイル：84.92(Instruments & Instrumentation)

A highly efficient array of high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors was developed and operated at the cold neutron beam facility PF1B of the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) to carry out nuclear structure studies, via measurements of $$gamma$$-rays following neutron-induced capture and fission reactions. The setup consisted of a collimation system producing a pencil beam with a thermal capture equivalent flux of about 10$$^8$$ns$$^{-1}$$cm$$^{-2}$$ at the target position and negligible neutron halo. The target was surrounded by an array of eight to ten anti-Compton shielded EXOGAM Clover detectors, four to six anti-Compton shielded large coaxial GASP detectors and two standard Clover detectors. For a part of the campaign the array was combined with 16 LaBr$$_{3}$$:(Ce) detectors from the FATIMA collaboration.

論文

Observation of new neutron-deficient isotopes with Z$$ge$$92 in multinucleon transfer reactions

Devaraja, H. M.*; Heinz, S.*; Beliuskina, O.*; Comas, V. F.*; Hofmann, S.*; Hornung, C.*; M$"u$nzenberg, G.*; 西尾 勝久; Ackermann, D.*; Gambhir, Y. K.*; et al.

Physics Letters B, 748, p.199 - 203, 2015/09

AA2015-0304.pdf:0.78MB

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.07.006
 被引用回数：66 パーセンタイル：97.01(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

In deep inelastic multinucleon transfer reactions of $$^{48}$$Ca +$$^{248}$$Cm we observed about 100 residual nuclei with proton numbers between Z =82 and Z =100. Among them, there are five new neutron-deficient isotopes: $$^{216}$$U, $$^{219}$$Np, $$^{223}$$Am, $$^{229}$$Am and $$^{233}$$Bk. As separator for the transfer products we used the velocity filter SHIP of GSI while the isotope identification was performed via the $$alpha$$-decay chains of the nuclei. These first results reveal that multinucleon transfer reactions together with here applied fast and sensitive separation and detection techniques are promising for the synthesis of new isotopes in the region of heaviest nuclei.

論文

Progress at JET in integrating ITER-relevant core and edge plasmas within the constraints of an ITER-like wall

Giroud, C.*; Jachmich, S.*; Jacquet, P.*; J$"a$rvinen, A.*; Lerche, E.*; Rimini, F.*; Aho-Mantila, L.*; 相羽 信行; Balboa, I.*; Belo, P.*; et al.

Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 57(3), p.035004_1 - 035004_20, 2015/03

https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/57/3/035004
 被引用回数：64 パーセンタイル：95.98(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

ITER-like wall導入後のJET装置における、ITER標準シナリオに相当するプラズマを実現するための研究の進展について報告する。2.5MAの高三角度ELMy H-modeプラズマに対して重水素ガスおよび窒素ガスを供給する実験を、2つの異なるダイバータ条件下で行った。その結果、窒素ガスの供給によりダイバータへの熱負荷が低減されたことを報告する。また、三角度の向上によるペデスタル領域のエネルギー閉じ込め性能およびペデスタル圧力の向上について調べた。その結果、窒素ガスの供給の有無にかかわらず、高三角度によってペデスタルのELM安定性が改善され、それにより閉じ込め性能およびペデスタル圧力が向上することを示した。

論文

High-pressure radiative conductivity of dense silicate glasses with potential implications for dark magmas

村上 元彦*; Goncharov, A. F.*; 平尾 直久*; 増田 亮*; 三井 隆也; Thomas, S. M.*; Bina, C. R.*

Nature Communications (Internet), 5, p.5428_1 - 5428_6, 2014/11

https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6428
 被引用回数：19 パーセンタイル：51.61(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

The possible presence of dense magmas at Earth's core mantle boundary is expected to substantially affect the dynamics and thermal evolution of Earth's interior. However, the thermal transport properties of silicate melts under relevant high-pressure conditions are poorly understood. Here we report in situ high pressure optical absorption and synchrotron M$"o$ssbauer spectroscopic measurements of iron enriched dense silicate glasses, as laboratory analogues for dense magmas, up to pressures of 85 GPa. Our results reveal a significant increase in absorption coefficients, by almost one order of magnitude with increasing pressure to $$sim$$50 GPa, most likely owing to gradual changes in electronic structure. This suggests that the radiative thermal conductivity of dense silicate melts may decrease with pressure and so may be significantly smaller than previously expected under core-mantle boundary conditions. Such dark magmas heterogeneously distributed in the lower mantle would result in significant lateral heterogeneity of heat flux through the core mantle boundary.

論文

Current status of the engineering design of the test modules for the IFMIF

山本 道好; Arbeiter, F.*; 横峯 健彦*; 若井 栄一; Theile, J.*; Garcia, A. S.*; Rapisarda, D. S.*; Casal, N. I.*; Mas, A. S.*; Gouat, P.*; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 88(6-8), p.746 - 750, 2013/10

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.03.062
 被引用回数：14 パーセンタイル：72.14(Nuclear Science & Technology)

国際核融合材料照射施設(IFMIF)の工学実証・工学設計活動(EVEDA)はBA協定に基づき2007年半ばから実施されている。IFMIFは加速器, リチウムターゲット設備及び試験設備の3つの主要設備から構成される。現在のEVEDAフェーズではIFMIFの統合設計を目的にしており、その中間報告書は2013年半ばに完成が予定されている。IFMIFの主要な目標であるDEMO炉や将来炉用の設計用の材料データを整備するために、高照射試験モジュール(HFTM、起動時モニターモジュール)、中照射試験モジュール(クリープ疲労試験モジュール, トリチウム試験モジュール, 液体増殖モジュール)及び低照射試験モジュールを用いた照射試験を長期間安定して実施する必要がある。本報告はEVEDAフェーズにおいて複数の協力機関で実施中のこれら各試験のモジュールの工学設計の進捗状況を統合設計の観点で統合したものである。また、中間報告書以後のフェーズにおいて解決すべき技術課題についてまとめる。

論文

$$beta$$-delayed fission of $$^{180}$$Tl

Elseviers, J.*; Andreyev, A. N.*; Huyse, M.*; Van Duppen, P.*; Antalic, S.*; Barzakh, A.*; Bree, N.*; Cocolios, T. E.*; Comas, V. F.*; Diriken, J.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 88(4), p.044321_1 - 044321_13, 2013/10

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.88.044321
 被引用回数：38 パーセンタイル：88.88(Physics, Nuclear)

The detailed analysis of the $$beta$$-delayed fission data of $$^{180}$$Tl is presented. The experiment was performed by producing a pure beam of $$^{180}$$Tl by means of highly selective resonance laser ionization followed by mass separation with the ISOLDE isotope separator. A surprising asymmetric mass distribution of fission fragments from $$^{180}$$Hg, the daughter of $$^{180}$$Tl $$beta$$ decays, was obtained. Here, the energy calibration of the silicon detectors, which is crucial for a proper determination of the fission fragments' energy and mass split, is presented and the total kinetic energy and its dependence on the mass split ratio is discussed. A more precise $$beta$$-delayed fission probability of 3.2(2)$$times$$10$$^{-3}$$$$%$$ was deduced.

論文

In-beam fissio study at JAEA for heavy element synthesis

西尾 勝久; 池添 博; Hofmann, S.*; Ackermann, D.*; 有友 嘉浩*; Comas, V. F.*; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Heinz, S.*; Heredia, J. A.*; He${ss}$berger, F. P.*; et al.

AIP Conference Proceedings 1524, p.68 - 72, 2013/04

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4801679
 被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.04(Physics, Nuclear)

Fission fragment mass and kinetic energies distributions were measured in the heavy-ion induced reactions using $$^{238}$$U target nucleus at the energies around the Coulomb barrier. We observed strong variation of the fragment mass distribution with incident energy, which was explained by an energy dependence of the probabilities for fusion and quasifission. A calculation based on a fluctuation-dissipation model was carried out to determine the fusion probability in the reactions of $$^{30}$$Si+$$^{238}$$U and $$^{34}$$S+$$^{238}$$U. The fusion probabilities were consistent with those determied from the evaporation residue cross sections for both reactions, showing that in-beam fission measurement and analysis can give a reasonable estimation for the cross sections to produce super-heavy nuclei. We also discss the results for in-beam fission measurement of $$^{48}$$Ca+$$^{238}$$U.

論文

On the design of experiments to study extreme field limits

Bulanov, S. S.*; Chen, M.*; Schroeder, C. B.*; Esarey, E.*; Leemans, W. P.*; Bulanov, S. V.; Esirkepov, T. Z.; 神門 正城; Koga, J. K.; Zhidkov, A. G.*; et al.

AIP Conference Proceedings 1507, p.825 - 830, 2012/12

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4773805
 被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：92.86(Physics, Applied)

We propose the experiments on the collision of intense laser pulses with energetic electron bunches and on the collision of two or more intense laser pulses for studying extreme field limits in the nonlinear interaction of electromagnetic waves. The regimes of dominant radiation reaction, which completely changes the electromagnetic wave matter interaction, will be revealed in such experiments. This will result in a new powerful source of ultra short high brightness $$gamma$$-ray pulses. A possibility of the demonstration of the electron positron pair creation from vacuum in the collision of two or more intense laser pulses is discussed.

論文

The Reaction $$^{48}$$Ca + $$^{248}$$Cm $$rightarrow$$ $$^{296}$$116$$^{*}$$ studied at the GSI-SHIP

Hofmann, S.*; Heinz, S.*; Mann, R.*; Maurer, J.*; Khuyagbaatar, J.*; Ackermann, D.*; Antalic, S.*; Barth, B.*; Block, M.*; Burkhard, H. G.*; et al.

European Physical Journal A, 48(5), p.62_1 - 62_23, 2012/05

https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2012-12062-1
 被引用回数：167 パーセンタイル：98.87(Physics, Nuclear)

The synthesis of element 116 in the reactions of $$^{48}$$Ca+$$^{248}$$Cm was studied at the GSI-SHIP. Four decay chains from the isotope $$^{292}$$116 and one decay $$^{293}$$116 were detected at the reaction leading to the excitation energy of 40.9 MeV. The cross sections were 3.4 and 0.9 pb, respectively. The decay character reproduced the reported data at FLNR, Russia. In the $$alpha$$ decay chain, we observed the higher $$alpha$$-particle energy in the decay of $$^{289}$$114, which suggested the population and the decay of a quasiparitcle state.

論文

Investigation of fission properties and evaporation residue measurement in the reactions using $$^{238}$$U target nucleus

西尾 勝久; 池添 博; Hofmann, S.*; Ackermann, D.*; Antalic, S.*; 有友 嘉浩; Comas, V. F.*; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Gorshkov, A.*; Graeger, R.*; et al.

EPJ Web of Conferences, 17, p.09005_1 - 09005_4, 2011/10

https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20111709005
 被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：47.57(Physics, Nuclear)

Fission fragment mass distributions after full momentum transfer of the projectile were measured in the reactions using a $$^{238}$$U target nucleus bombarded by $$^{30}$$Si, $$^{31}$$P, $$^{34,36}$$S, $$^{40}$$Ar, $$^{40,48}$$Ca projectiles. We observed a strong variation of the distribution as function of bombarding energy. The results were interpreted by the effects of nuclear deformation of the target nucleus on the competition between fusion and quasifission. The symmetric fission includes fusion-fission, wheres as the asymmetric fission represents quasifission. The fusion probabilities were determined with the help of fluctuation-dissipation model. The estimated evaporation residue cross sections ($$^{263,264}$$Sg and $$^{267,268}$$Hs) produced in $$^{30}$$Si + $$^{238}$$U and $$^{34}$$S+$$^{238}$$U reproduced the experimental data.

論文

Plasma boundary and first-wall diagnostics in ITER

Pitcher, C. S.*; Andrew, P.*; Barnsley, R.*; Bertalot, L.*; Counsell, G. G.*; Encheva, A.*; Feder, R. E.*; 波多江 仰紀; Johnson, D. W.*; Kim, J.*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 415(Suppl.1), p.S1127 - S1132, 2011/08

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.111
 被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.01(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

ITER plasma boundary and first-wall diagnostics are summarized in terms of their physical implementation and physics motivation. The challenge of extracting diagnostic signals while maintaining nuclear shielding is discussed, as well as the problems associated with high levels of erosion and redeposition.

論文

Current ramps in tokamaks; From present experiments to ITER scenarios

Imbeaux, F.*; Citrin, J.*; Hobirk, J.*; Hogeweij, G. M. D.*; K$"o$chl, F.*; Leonov, V. M.*; 宮本 斉児; 中村 幸治*; Parail, V.*; Pereverzev, G. V.*; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 51(8), p.083026_1 - 083026_11, 2011/08

https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/51/8/083026
 被引用回数：35 パーセンタイル：80.59(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

In order to prepare adequate current ramp-up and ramp-down scenarios for ITER, present experiments from various tokamaks have been analysed by means of integrated modelling in view of determining relevant heat transport models for these operation phases. A set of empirical heat transport models for L-mode has been validated on a multi-machine experimental dataset for predicting the $$l_i$$ dynamics within $$pm$$0.15 accuracy during current ramp-up and ramp-down phases. The most accurate heat transport models are then applied to projections to ITER current ramp-up, focusing on the baseline inductive scenario (main heating plateau current of $$I_p = 15$$ MA). These projections include a sensitivity study to various assumptions of the simulation. While the heat transport model is at the heart of such simulations, more comprehensive simulations are required to test all operational aspects of the current ramp-up and ramp-down phases of ITER scenarios. Recent examples of such simulations, involving coupled core transport codes, free-boundary equilibrium solvers and a poloidal field (PF) systems controller are also described, focusing on ITER current ramp-down.

論文

Event structure and double helicity asymmetry in jet production from polarized $$p + p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 200 GeV

Adare, A.*; Afanasiev, S.*; Aidala, C.*; Ajitanand, N. N.*; Akiba, Y.*; Al-Bataineh, H.*; Alexander, J.*; Aoki, K.*; Aphecetche, L.*; Armendariz, R.*; et al.

Physical Review D, 84(1), p.012006_1 - 012006_18, 2011/07

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.84.012006
 被引用回数：29 パーセンタイル：72.31(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

重心エネルギー200GeVでの縦偏極陽子陽子衝突からのジェット生成のイベント構造と二重非対称($$A_{LL}$$)について報告する。光子と荷電粒子がPHENIX実験で測定され、イベント構造がPHYTIAイベント生成コードの結果と比較された。再構成されたジェットの生成率は2次までの摂動QCDの計算で十分再現される。測定された$$A_{LL}$$は、一番低い横運動量で-0.0014$$pm$$0.0037、一番高い横運動量で-0.0181$$pm$$0.0282であった。この$$A_{LL}$$の結果を幾つかの$$Delta G(x)$$の分布を仮定した理論予想と比較する。

論文

Identified charged hadron production in $$p + p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 200 and 62.4 GeV

Adare, A.*; Afanasiev, S.*; Aidala, C.*; Ajitanand, N. N.*; 秋葉 康之*; Al-Bataineh, H.*; Alexander, J.*; 青木 和也*; Aphecetche, L.*; Armendariz, R.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 83(6), p.064903_1 - 064903_29, 2011/06

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.064903
 被引用回数：184 パーセンタイル：99.44(Physics, Nuclear)

200GeVと62.4GeVでの陽子陽子の中心衝突からの$$pi, K, p$$の横運動量分布及び収量をRHICのPHENIX実験によって測定した。それぞれエネルギーでの逆スロープパラメーター、平均横運動量及び単位rapidityあたりの収量を求め、異なるエネルギーでの他の測定結果と比較する。また$$m_T$$や$$x_T$$スケーリングのようなスケーリングについて示して陽子陽子衝突における粒子生成メカニズムについて議論する。さらに測定したスペクトルを二次の摂動QCDの計算と比較する。

論文

Azimuthal correlations of electrons from heavy-flavor decay with hadrons in $$p+p$$ and Au+Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 200 GeV

Adare, A.*; Afanasiev, S.*; Aidala, C.*; Ajitanand, N. N.*; 秋葉 康之*; Al-Bataineh, H.*; Alexander, J.*; 青木 和也*; Aphecetche, L.*; Aramaki, Y.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 83(4), p.044912_1 - 044912_16, 2011/04

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.044912
 被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：49.7(Physics, Nuclear)

重いフレーバーのメソンの崩壊からの電子の測定は、このメソンの収量が金金衝突では陽子陽子に比べて抑制されていることを示している。われわれはこの研究をさらに進めて二つの粒子の相関、つまり重いフレーバーメソンの崩壊からの電子と、もう一つの重いフレーバーメソンあるいはジェットの破片からの荷電ハドロン、の相関を調べた。この測定は重いクォークとクォークグルオン物質の相互作用についてのより詳しい情報を与えるものである。われわれは特に金金衝突では陽子陽子に比べて反対側のジェットの形と収量が変化していることを見いだした。

論文

Measurement of neutral mesons in $$p$$ + $$p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 200 GeV and scaling properties of hadron production

Adare, A.*; Afanasiev, S.*; Aidala, C.*; Ajitanand, N. N.*; Akiba, Y.*; Al-Bataineh, H.*; Alexander, J.*; Aoki, K.*; Aphecetche, L.*; Armendariz, R.*; et al.

Physical Review D, 83(5), p.052004_1 - 052004_26, 2011/03

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.83.052004
 被引用回数：177 パーセンタイル：98.48(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

RHIC-PHENIX実験で重心エネルギー200GeVの陽子陽子衝突からの$$K^0_s$$, $$omega$$, $$eta'$$と$$phi$$中間子生成の微分断面積を測定した。これらハドロンの横運動量分布のスペクトルの形はたった二つのパラメーター、$$n, T$$、のTsallis分布関数でよく記述できる。これらのパラメーターはそれぞれ高い横運動量と低い横運動量の領域のスペクトルを決めている。これらの分布をフィットして得られた積分された不変断面積はこれまで測定されたデータ及び統計モデルの予言と一致している。

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