Development of database of dose reduction factor for reducing equivalent doses to the thyroid by implementing iodine thyroid blocking (Contract research)

Kimura, Masanori; Munakata, Masahiro; Hato, Shinji*; Kanno, Mitsuhiro*

JAEA-Data/Code 2020-002, 38 Pages, 2020/03

JAEA-Data-Code-2020-002.pdf:3.23MB

To consider the method of implementing urgent protective actions in a nuclear accident appropriately, the authors have been assessing the effects of reducing doses by taking urgent protective actions using a Level 3 Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) code, the OSCAAR, developed by the JAEA. Iodine thyroid blocking is an effective urgent protective action to reduce equivalent doses to the thyroid due to inhalation of radioactive iodine. However, the timing of the administration of stable iodine (SI) is important to maximize the effectiveness for thyroidal blocking. Therefore, the careful consideration should be given to the most effective way of iodine thyroid blocking when preparing off-site emergency plans. In the present study, the authors developed a new metabolic model for thyroid by combining the respiratory tract model (Publ.66) and gastrointestinal tract model (Publ.30) of the ICRP with a metabolic model for thyroid (Johnson's model) in order to calculate the behavior of radioiodine and stable iodine in the body more realistically. The model is useful to evaluate the effect of the administration of SI for reducing equivalent doses to the thyroid depending on the its timing. We also calculated the reduction factor for equivalent doses to the thyroid in order to the thyroid by using the model, and then developed the its database for the OSCAAR. Consequently, the OSCAAR can evaluate the effectiveness for thyroidal blocking realistically and promptly.

Investigation on the influence of additional protective measures on sheltering effectiveness for internal exposure

Hirouchi, Jun; Takahara, Shogo; Komagamine, Hiroshi*; Munakata, Masahiro

Proceedings of Asian Symposium on Risk Assessment and Management 2019 (ASRAM 2019) (USB Flash Drive), 7 Pages, 2019/09

no abstracts in English

Evaluation of the radiation protection capability in shelter facilities with positive pressure ventilation

Ishizaki, Azusa; Nakanishi, Chika*; Takubo, Kazuya*; Munakata, Masahiro

Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2019/05

https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2019.27.2118

Investigation of removal factors of various materials inside houses after Nuclear Power Station Accident

Mori, Airi; Ishizaki, Azusa; Futemma, Akira; Tanabe, Tsutomu; Wada, Takao; Kato, Mitsugu; Munakata, Masahiro

Hoken Butsuri (Internet), 54(1), p.45 - 54, 2019/04

https://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.54.45

External dose evaluation of emergency responder in off-site at the time of Fukushima-Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station Accident (Contract research)

Shimada, Kazumasa; Sasaki, Toshihisa*; Iijima, Masashi*; Munakata, Masahiro

JAEA-Research 2018-012, 68 Pages, 2019/02

JAEA-Research-2018-012.pdf:4.15MB

The external exposure dose of off-site emergency responders at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station accident were evaluated in order to consider a radiation protection of emergency responders. The maximum value of individual daily dose of emergency responders whose activities details were recorded from 12th to 31th March 2011 was 650 Sv engaged in evacuation support in Futaba Town on 12th. Next, atmospheric concentrations and deposition of radionuclides were calculated from the source terms estimated by previous studies using atmospheric diffusion and deposit calculation codes, and air dose rates at off-site were estimated. Then, the external exposure dose was calculated for 6 emergency responders whose daily activities and personal doses were continuously recorded. Furthermore, the maximum value and the average value of the calculation external dose of emergency responders in the activity area were compared with the measurement value of the personal dosimeter of them. These results showed that the calculated value of the external exposure dose of emergency responders calculated from the maximum value of the dose rate in the active area roughly includes the measured value.

Investigation of reduction factor of internal exposure for sheltering in Japan

Hirouchi, Jun; Takahara, Shogo; Komagamine, Hiroshi*; Munakata, Masahiro

Proceedings of Asian Symposium on Risk Assessment and Management 2018 (ASRAM 2018) (USB Flash Drive), 8 Pages, 2018/10

no abstracts in English

Development of measurement system of radioactive plume using unmanned airplane in the fiscal year 2016 (Contract research)

Ishizaki, Azusa; Sanada, Yukihisa; Nishizawa, Yukiyasu*; Futemma, Akira; Munakata, Masahiro

JAEA-Research 2017-012, 58 Pages, 2018/03

JAEA-Research-2017-012.pdf:9.36MB

At the accident of nuclear facilities, a prediction of behavior of released radioactive plume is indispensable for the decision of the refuge plan of inhabitants. Currently, prediction system which is based on atmospheric dispersion simulation has been implemented for as a tool of the atomic energy disaster prevention. However, direct measurement method of radioactive plume has not existed. In this study, some component technologies were developed for establishment of direct measurement methods of radioactive plume using unmanned aerial vehicle whose technological innovation is remarkable. In addition, algorism of making flight plan was developed based on prediction model of radioactive plume. This report summarized the outcome of the first year with plan of three years.

Application of topographical source model for air dose rates conversions in aerial radiation monitoring

Ishizaki, Azusa; Sanada, Yukihisa; Ishida, Mutsushi; Munakata, Masahiro

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 180, p.82 - 89, 2017/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.09.028

After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident in 2011, aerial radiation monitoring (ARM) using a manned helicopter was conducted to rapidly measure air dose rates and the deposition of radioactive nuclides over a large area. Typically, the air dose rate is obtained by conversion from the count rate using the conventional flat source model (FSM). The converted dose rate via aerial monitoring poorly matches the results of ground measurement in the mountain and forest areas because the FSM does not consider topographical effects. To improve the conversion accuracy, we developed new methods to analyze aerial monitoring data using the topographical source model (TSM) based on the analytical calculation of the -ray flux. The ARM results converted using both the FSM as well as TSM were compared with ground measurement data obtained after the FDNPS accident. By using TSM, the conversion accuracy was improved.

Improvement of a metabolic model for iodine and consideration of a equivalent dose to the thyroid reduction factor for application to the OSCAAR code

Kimura, Masanori; Hato, Shinji*; Matsubara, Takeshi*; Kanno, Mitsuhiro*; Munakata, Masahiro

Proceedings of Asian Symposium on Risk Assessment and Management 2017 (ASRAM 2017) (USB Flash Drive), 9 Pages, 2017/11

The authors developed a new metabolic model for iodine by combining the respiratory tract model (Publ.66), the gastrointestinal tract model (Publ.30) of the ICRP and the metabolic model for iodine (Johnson's model) in order to evaluate the behavior of radioiodine and stable iodine in the body more realistically. The developed metabolic model indicated that a reduction factor (RF) depends on dosage of stable iodine, timing of the administration of stable iodine, different iodine isotopes (I - I), and age groups. Therefore, the RF was calculated by changing these parameters and then a database of the RF was constructed for the application to the OSCAAR code.

Evaluation of influence of splay fault growth on groundwater flow around geological disposal system

Takai, Shizuka; Takeda, Seiji; Sakai, Ryutaro*; Shimada, Taro; Munakata, Masahiro; Tanaka, Tadao

Nippon Genshiryoku Gakkai Wabun Rombunshi, 16(1), p.34 - 48, 2017/03

https://doi.org/10.3327/taesj.J16.003

In geological disposal, direct effect on geological repositories by active faults is avoided at a stage of site characterization; however, uncertainty remains for avoidance of faults derived from the active faults, which are concealed deep under the ground and difficult to detect in advance. In this research, the influence of growth of undetected splay faults on natural barrier in a geological disposal system, which will caused by attack of the faults in the future, was evaluated. We investigated examples of splay faults in Japan and set conditions for growth of splay faults. Furthermore, we assumed a disposal site composed of sedimentary rocks and made a hydrogeological model of growth of splay faults. We carried out groundwater flow analyses, changing parameters such as location and depth of repository and growth velocity of splay faults. The results indicate that main flow path from the repository is changed into upward flow along the splay fault due to its growth and the average velocity to the ground surface becomes one or two orders of magnitude higher than that before its growth. The results also suggest that the splay fault growth leads into the possibility of downward flow of oxidizing groundwater from ground surface area.