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論文

Quasifree neutron knockout reaction reveals a small $$s$$-Orbital component in the Borromean nucleus $$^{17}$$B

Yang, Z. H.*; 久保田 悠樹*; Corsi, A.*; 吉田 数貴; Sun, X.-X.*; Li, J. G.*; 木村 真明*; Michel, N.*; 緒方 一介*; Yuan, C. X.*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 126(8), p.082501_1 - 082501_8, 2021/02

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.082501
 被引用回数：10 パーセンタイル：98.7(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

ボロミアン核であり中性子ハロー構造が期待される$$^{17}$$Bに対する($$p$$,$$pn$$)反応実験を行った。断面積の運動量分布を分析することで、$$1s_{1/2}$$と$$0d_{5/2}$$軌道の分光学的因子を決定した。驚くべきことに、$$1s_{1/2}$$の分光学的因子は9(2)%と小さいことが明らかになった。この結果は、連続状態を含むdeformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov理論によってよく説明された。本研究の結果によると、現在知られているハロー構造を持つとされる原子核の中で$$^{17}$$Bは$$s$$および$$p$$軌道の成分が最も小さく、$$s$$または$$p$$軌道成分が支配的であることが必ずしもハロー構造の前提条件ではない可能性を示唆している。

論文

Experimental validation of tensile properties measured with thick samples taken from MEGAPIE target

斎藤 滋; 鈴木 和博; 畠山 祐一; 鈴木 美穂; Dai, Y.*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 534, p.152146_1 - 152146_16, 2020/06

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152146
 被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：39.17(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

流動鉛ビスマス共晶合金(LBE)中で照射されたMEGAPIE(MEGAwatt Pilot Experiment)ターゲットからT91引張試験片を採取し、照射後試験(PIE)を行った。これらの試験片は照射試験における標準的な試験片と比べて2倍以上の厚さがあり、そのゲージ部の厚さと幅の比(t/w)は標準的な照射用試験片とは大きく異なる。PIEの結果、これらは標準的な試験片と比較して1.5-2.0倍大きな全伸び(TE)を示し、これよりt/wとTEは強く相関していることが示唆された。そこで、未照射の試料を用いて、引張り特性に対するt/wの影響を調べた。その結果、強度と均一伸びにはt/w依存性が見られないが、TEはt/wの増加とともに大きくなることが分かった。さらに実験データに基づいて、TEを様々なt/wの試験片と相関させることで、標準試験片を含む適切なTE値を評価できることを示した。

論文

Spin Seebeck mechanical force

針井 一哉; Seo, Y.-J.*; 堤 康雅*; 中堂 博之; 大柳 洸一*; 松尾 衛; 塩見 雄毅*; 小野 崇人*; 前川 禎通; 齊藤 英治

Nature Communications (Internet), 10(1), p.2616_1 - 2616_5, 2019/06

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10625-y
 被引用回数：14 パーセンタイル：83.38(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Electric current has been used to send electricity to far distant places. On the other hand, spin current, a flow of electron spin, can in principle also send angular momentum to distant places. In a magnet, there is a universal spin carrier called a spin wave, a wave-type excitation of magnetization. Since spin waves exhibit a long propagation length, it should be able to send angular momentum that can generate torque and force at a distant place: a new function of magnets. Here we observe mechanical angular momentum transmission and force generation due to spin waves injected into Y$$_3$$Fe$$_5$$O$$_{12}$$ by the spin-Seebeck effect. The spin-wave current, transmitted through a Y$$_3$$Fe$$_5$$O$$_{12}$$ micro cantilever, was found to create a mechanical force on the cantilever as a non-local reaction of the spin-Seebeck effect. Spin-wave current can be generated remotely even in open circuits, and it can be used to drive micro mechanical devices.

論文

Negative Te spin polarization responsible for ferromagnetic order in the doped topological insulator V$$_{0.04}$$(Sb$$_{1-x}$$Bi$$_{x}$$)$$_{1.96}$$Te$$_{3}$$

Ye, M.*; Xu, T.*; Li, G.*; Qiao, S.*; 竹田 幸治; 斎藤 祐児; Zhu, S.-Y.*; Nurmamat, M.*; 角田 一樹*; 石田 行章*; et al.

Physical Review B, 99(14), p.144413_1 - 144413_7, 2019/04

AA2018-0697.pdf:1.89MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.99.144413
 被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：67.98(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

We investigate the microscopic origin of ferromagnetism coupled with topological insulators in V-doped (Sb,Bi)$$_{2}$$Te$$_{3}$$ employing X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopies, combined with first-principles calculations. We found an magnetic moment at the Te site anti-parallel to that of the V and Sb sites, which plays a key role in the ferromagnetic order. We ascribe it to the hybridization between Te 5${it p}$ and V 3${it d}$ majority spin states at the Fermi energy, consistent with the Zener-type ${it p}$-${it d}$ exchange interaction scenario. The substitution of Bi for Sb suppresses the bulk ferromagnetism by introducing extra electron carriers in the majority spin channel of the Te ${it p}$ states that compensates the antiparallel magnetic moment on the Te site. Our findings reveal important clues to designing magnetic topological insulators with higher Curie temperature that work under ambient conditions.

論文

Magnetomechanical sensing based on delta-E effect in Y$$_3$$Fe$$_5$$O$$_{12}$$ micro bridge

有沢 洋希*; 大門 俊介*; 追川 康之*; Seo, Y.-J.*; 針井 一哉; 大柳 洸一*; 齊藤 英治

Applied Physics Letters, 114(12), p.122402_1 - 122402_5, 2019/03

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5090272
 被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：22.92(Physics, Applied)

We have investigated magnetic field effects on mechanical vibration of a magnetic microbridge made of ferrimagnetic insulator Y$$_3$$Fe$$_5$$O$$_{12}$$ at room temperature. The mechanical resonance frequency of the bridge exhibits a steep change at the saturation magnetic field of the microbridge. The steep change was shown to originate from magnetoelastic coupling combined with shape magnetic anisotropy. The competition between shape magnetic anisotropy and the external magnetic field can drive a delta-E effect, the modulation of Young modulus via the magnetoelastic coupling, in a narrow field range, which results in the observed steep change in the mechanical property.

論文

Shell evolution beyond $$Z$$=28 and $$N$$=50; Spectroscopy of $$^{81,82,83,84}$$Zn

Shand, C. M.*; Podoly$'a$k, Zs.*; G$'o$rska, M.*; Doornenbal, P.*; Obertelli, A.*; Nowacki, F.*; Otsuka, T.*; Sieja, K.*; Tostevin, J. A.*; Tsunoda, T.*; et al.

Physics Letters B, 773, p.492 - 497, 2017/10

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.09.001
 被引用回数：18 パーセンタイル：88.47(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

Low-lying states in neutron-rich $$^{81,82.83.84}$$Zn nuclei were measured for the first time via in-beam $$gamma$$-ray spectroscopy at RIKEN. These include the 4$$_1^+$$ to 2$$_1^+$$ in $$^{82}$$Zn and the 2$$_1^+$$ to 0$$_1^+$$ and 4$$_1^+$$ to 2$$_1^+$$ in $$^{84}$$Zn. The reduced E($$2^+$$) energies and increased E(4$$^+$$)/E(2$$^+$$) ratios at $$N$$=52,54 compared to $$^{80}$$Zn attest that the magicity is confined just on the neutron number $$N$$=50 only. The levels observed in $$^{84}$$Zn suggest the onset of deformation towards heavier Zn isotopes. The data were compared to state-of-the-art shell model calculations.

論文

Shape evolution in neutron-rich krypton isotopes beyond N=60; First spectroscopy of $$^{98,100}$$Kr

Flavigny, F.*; Doornenbal, P.*; Obertelli, A.*; Delaroche, J.-P.*; Girod, M.*; Libert, J.*; Rodriguez, T. R.*; Authelet, G.*; 馬場 秀忠*; Calvet, D.*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 118(24), p.242501_1 - 242501_6, 2017/06

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.242501
 被引用回数：27 パーセンタイル：88.56(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

The first $$gamma$$-ray spectroscopy of very neutron rich $$^{98,100}$$Kr isotopes was carried out at the RIBF at RIKEN Nishina center. Excited states in these isotopes were populated via (p,2p) reactions using radioactive $$^{99,101}$$Rb beams accelerated to 220 MeV/nucleon. The new data show a significant increase in deformation beyond N=60, as well as competing configurations (shape-coexistence) at low energy. The data were compared with beyond-mean-field calculations which predict level energies in good agreement with observation, and suggest oblate-prolate shape coexistence.

論文

$$gamma$$ decay of unbound neutron-hole states in $$^{133}$$Sn

Vaquero, V.*; Jungclaus, A.*; Doornenbal, P.*; Wimmer, K.*; Gargano, A.*; Tostevin, J. A.*; Chen, S.*; N$'a$cher, E.*; Sahin, E.*; 志賀 慶明*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 118(20), p.202502_1 - 202502_5, 2017/05

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.202502
 被引用回数：14 パーセンタイル：76.72(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Excited states in $$^{133}$$Sn were populated following one-neutron knockout reaction from an unstable $$^{134}$$Sn beam at the RIBF laboratory in RIKEN. In addition to the already known $$gamma$$ rays, additional $$gamma$$ strength was observed for the first time in the excitation-energy range 3.5-5.5 MeV. Since the neutron separation energy of $$^{133}$$Sn is low, this observation provides direct evidence for the radioactive decay of neutron-unbound states in this nucleus. The ability of $$gamma$$ decay to compete with neutron emission was attributed to a mismatch between the wave functions of the initial and final states in the neutron emission case. These findings suggest that in the region south-east of $$^{132}$$Sn, nuclear structure effects play a significant role in the decay of unbound states, which are instead usually ignored in the evaluation of neutron-emission probabilities in astrophysical simulations.

論文

Low-lying structure and shape evolution in neutron-rich Se isotopes

Chen, S.*; Doornenbal, P.*; Obertelli, A.*; Rodriguez, T. R.*; Authelet, G.*; 馬場 秀忠*; Calvet, D.*; Ch$^a$teau, F.*; Corsi, A.*; Delbart, A.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 95(4), p.041302_1 - 041302_6, 2017/04

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.041302
 被引用回数：18 パーセンタイル：88.47(Physics, Nuclear)

Neutron-rich isotopes of selenium, $$^{88,90,92,94}$$Se, where studied via in beam $$gamma$$-ray spectroscopy after nucleon removal reactions at RIBF in RIKEN. The low-energy excitations of these nuclei were investigated using $$gamma$$-$$gamma$$ coincidences, and the first and second excited 2$$^+$$ states were found at remarkably low energies. The analysis and comparison with self-consistent beyond-mean field calculations suggest that both shape coexistence and triaxiality are needed to describe these isotopes.

論文

Fabrication and magnetic control of Y$$_3$$Fe$$_5$$O$$_{12}$$ cantilevers

Seo, Y.-J.*; 針井 一哉; 高橋 遼*; 中堂 博之; 大柳 洸一*; Qiu, Z.*; 小野 崇人*; 塩見 雄毅*; 齊藤 英治

Applied Physics Letters, 110(13), p.132409_1 - 132409_4, 2017/03

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4979553
 被引用回数：12 パーセンタイル：63.51(Physics, Applied)

フェリ磁性体であるY$$_3$$Fe$$_5$$O$$_{12}$$を用いたサブミクロンカンチレバーを収束イオンビーム法によって作成し、その振動特性を磁場によって制御した。カンチレバーは縦横2つの振動モードを示し、それぞれのモードは外部磁場の印加によって共鳴周波数が減少、増大した。この結果は磁気力の磁場変化を取り扱った数値シミュレーションでよく再現された。周波数変化は数%に及ぶことから、磁場による高効率な振動制御が行われたと結論できる。

論文

Are there signatures of harmonic oscillator shells far from stability?; First spectroscopy of $$^{110}$$Zr

Paul, N.*; Corsi, A.*; Obertelli, A.*; Doornenbal, P.*; Authelet, G.*; 馬場 秀忠*; Bally, B.*; Bender, M.*; Calvet, D.*; Ch$^a$teau, F.*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 118(3), p.032501_1 - 032501_7, 2017/01

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.032501
 被引用回数：27 パーセンタイル：88.56(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

The first measurement of $$gamma$$ rays emitted by the very neutron rich nuclei $$^{112}$$Mo (Z=42) and $$^{110}$$Zr (Z=40) was carried out at the RIBF facility at RIKEN. These data shine light on the postulated N=70 harmonic oscillator shell. If the spin-orbit splitting which gives rise to the N=82 shell gap is reduced in very neutron-rich nuclei, the harmonic oscillator gap at N=70 should open instead. However, both the measured energy of the first excited state $$^{112}$$Mo and $$^{110}$$Zr, respectively 235(7) keV and 185(11) keV, and their E(4$$^+$$)/E(2$$^+$$) ratio, indicate that these nuclei are good rotors, and exclude the shell stabilization scenario at Z=40 and N=70. These results were compared to state-of-the-art density functional theoretical calculations using Gogny and Skyrme effective interactions.

論文

Studies of high density baryon matter with high intensity heavy-ion beams at J-PARC

佐甲 博之; 原田 寛之; 坂口 貴男*; 中條 達也*; 江角 晋一*; 郡司 卓*; 長谷川 勝一; Hwang, S.; 市川 裕大; 今井 憲一; et al.

Nuclear Physics A, 956, p.850 - 853, 2016/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2016.03.030
 被引用回数：11 パーセンタイル：71(Physics, Nuclear)

We are designing a large acceptance heavy-ion spectrometer at J-PARC based on a Toroidal magnet to measure hadrons, lepton pairs, and event-by-event fluctuations. We are also designing a closed geometry spectrometer to measure hypernuclei to study weak decays and magnetic moments. In this presentation, the preliminary version of the designed acceleration scheme, as well as the spectrometers and their expected performance and physics results are presented.

論文

Spin-current probe for phase transition in an insulator

Qiu, Z.*; Li, J.*; Hou, D.*; Arenholz, E.*; N'Diaye, A. T.*; Tan, A.*; 内田 健一*; 佐藤 浩司*; 岡本 聡*; Tserkovnyak, Y.*; et al.

Nature Communications (Internet), 7, p.12670_1 - 12670_6, 2016/08

https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12670
 被引用回数：107 パーセンタイル：97.44(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Spin fluctuation and transition have always been one of the central topics of magnetism and condensed matter science. Experimentally, the spin fluctuation is found transcribed onto scattering intensity in the neutron-scattering process, which is represented by dynamical magnetic susceptibility and maximized at phase transitions. Importantly, a neutron carries spin without electric charge, and therefore it can bring spin into a sample without being disturbed by electric energy. However, large facilities such as a nuclear reactor are necessary. Here we show that spin pumping, frequently used in nanoscale spintronic devices, provides a desktop microprobe for spin transition; spin current is a flux of spin without an electric charge and its transport reflects spin excitation. We demonstrate detection of antiferromagnetic transition in ultra-thin CoO films via frequency-dependent spin-current transmission measurements, which provides a versatile probe for phase transition in an electric manner in minute devices.

論文

Theory of spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) and related phenomena

Chen, Y.-T.*; 高橋 三郎*; 中山 裕康*; Althammer, M.*; Goennenwein, S. T. B.*; 齊藤 英治; Bauer, G. E. W.*

Journal of Physics; Condensed Matter, 28(10), p.103004_1 - 103004_15, 2016/03

https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/28/10/103004
 被引用回数：57 パーセンタイル：63.7(Physics, Condensed Matter)

スピンホール効果によってスピン流が発生する金属と磁性絶縁体との二重層におけるいわゆるスピンホール磁気抵抗(SMR)を概観する。関連する角運動量が強磁性層に伝達され、それにより電気抵抗が印加電流と磁化方向との間の角度によって変調される。SMRは、絶縁体の磁化方向とスピン伝達トルクを非侵入的に測定するための便利なツールを提供する。SMR、すなわちスピン拡散理論および量子力学的境界条件を計算するための最小の理論的手段を紹介する。これは、実験に適合させることができる少数のパラメータを導出する。理論の限界と、強磁性近接効果やRashbaスピン軌道トルクなどの代替メカニズムについて議論し、新しい展開を指摘する。

論文

Carrier-mediated ferromagnetism in the magnetic topological insulator Cr-doped (Sb,Bi)$$_{2}$$Te$$_{3}$$

Ye, M.*; Li, W.*; Zhu, S.-Y.*; 竹田 幸治; 斎藤 祐児; Wang, J.*; Pan, H.*; Nurmamat, M.*; 角田 一樹*; Ji, F.*; et al.

Nature Communications (Internet), 6, p.8913_1 - 8913_7, 2015/11

AA2015-0647.pdf:0.64MB

https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9913
 被引用回数：43 パーセンタイル：90.62(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

磁性元素を添加したトポロジカル絶縁体は、量子異常ホール効果や無散逸伝導などの魅力的な現象の発現が予言され、低消費電力スピンデバイスの開発につながっていくものと期待されている。既に、いくつかの磁性添加トポロジカル絶縁体で長距離磁気秩序が確認されている。しかし、量子異常ホール効果の発現は、極低温におけるCrを添加した(Sb,Bi)$$_{2}$$Te$$_{3}$$系に限られており、強磁性の微視的な起源はほとんど分かっていない。そこで、今回、X線磁気円二色性実験による元素選択的研究を行うことにより、本物質系の強磁性は、母体の正孔キャリアーを媒介としたものであり、Crの3d電子とSbやTeのp電子の相互作用が極めて重要であることを明らかにした。この結果は、異常量子ホール素子の実現に向けても重要である。

論文

Study on flaw-to-surface proximity rule for transforming subsurface flaws to surface flaws based on fatigue crack growth experiments

長谷川 邦夫; Li, Y.; 斉藤 高一*

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 137(4), p.041101_1 - 041101_7, 2015/08

https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028423
 被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：21.34(Engineering, Mechanical)

機器の表面近傍に内部欠陥が検出された場合、この欠陥は接近性のルールに従って表面欠陥に置き換えられる。このルールは世界のすべての維持規格に採用されている。しかしながら、具体的な置き換えのモデル化はそれぞれ異なっている。本論文では、内部欠陥から表面欠陥へ成長する疲労亀裂進展解析を実施するとともに、既存実験結果との比較を行った。その結果を踏まえ、米国機械学会のSection XIや日本機械学会の維持規格で定義されている接近性のルールの有効性を検討した。

論文

Accuracy of prediction method of cryogenic tensile strength for austenitic stainless steels in ITER toroidal field coil structure

櫻井 武尊; 井口 将秀; 中平 昌隆; 斎藤 徹*; 森本 将明*; 稲垣 隆*; Hong, Y.-S.*; 松井 邦浩; 辺見 努; 梶谷 秀樹; et al.

Physics Procedia, 67, p.536 - 542, 2015/07

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2015.06.072
 被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：68.84

原子力機構はこれまで、極低温で使用されるITER超伝導コイルに適用するオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の合理的な品質管理手法の開発確立を目的に、室温で測定された引張強さと、炭素と窒素の含有量の関数として二次曲線を用いた4Kでの引張強度予測手法を開発してきた。核融合発電の技術的成立の実証を目指して建設が進んでいるITERでは、超伝導コイルが使用される。超伝導コイルシステムの一つであるTFコイルの容器構造物には巨大な電磁力に耐えるため、構造材料として高マンガンステンレス鋼JJ1及び高窒素添加型316LNが使用される。原子力機構はITER TFコイル構造物の調達責任を負っており、2012年から実機構造材料調達を開始し、矩形材,丸棒材,異形鍛造材などの製造を進めている。原子力機構は、構造材料の高マンガンステンレス鋼JJ1及び高窒素添加型316LNの機械特性を多数取得しており、本研究ではこれらの試験データを用いて、原子力機構が開発してきた4K強度予測手法の実機TFコイル構造物用材料に対する予測精度について評価を実施したので報告する。

論文

Spectroscopic evidence of band Jahn-Teller distortion upon martensitic phase transition in Heusler-type Ni-Fe(Co)-Ga ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy films

角田 一樹*; 白井 開渡*; Zhu, S.-Y.*; 谷口 雅樹*; Ye, M.*; 上田 茂典*; 竹田 幸治; 斎藤 祐児; Aseguinolaza, I. R.*; Barandiar$'a$n, J. M.*; et al.

Physical Review B, 91(13), p.134417_1 - 134417_6, 2015/04

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.134417
 被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：28.49(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

The temperature evolution of the electronic structure of a Ni-Fe(Co)-Ga/MgO(100), Heusler-type, ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy thin film has been followed by a bulk-sensitive hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, element-selective soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and first-principles calculation. The reversible changes of the electronic states near the Fermi energy show a hysteresis associated with the martensitic phase transition (MPT), where the pseudogap opens on cooling and closes again on warming. In addition, the Ni 3d spin magnetic moment increases by approximately two times across the MPT, whereas the change of Fe 3d moment is moderate. By comparing the experimental results with the calculated spin-resolved density of states, we conclude that the band Jahn-Teller effect of Ni 3d and Fe 3d orbitals is responsible for MPT.

論文

Thermotolerant mutants of entomopathogenic fungi obtained by ion beam- and $$gamma$$ ray-induced mutagenesis

西東 力*; Fitriana, Y.*; 佐藤 勝也; 大野 豊; 鳴海 一成*

JAEA-Review 2014-050, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2013, P. 121, 2015/03

Entomopathogenic fungi, such as ${it Metarhizium anisopliae}$, are economically important agents for integrated pest management programmes of insect pests. However, negative effects of temperature, such as heat stress that exceeds 35 $$^{circ}$$C, can have serious deleterious effects on conidial germination and persistence, vegetative growth, sporulation, and/or the infection process in these entomopathogenic fungi. In this study, we attempted to enhance thermotolerance in a model entomopathogenic fungus, ${it M. anisopliae}$, by mutagenesis using ion beams or $$gamma$$ rays and evaluated the relative virulence of the resulting mutants compared with the wild-type isolates. In conclusion, ion beams and $$gamma$$ rays are useful tools for improving biological characteristics, such as thermotolerance and fungicide-tolerance, in entomopathogenic fungi, but the mutants obtained in this study must be carefully evaluated for unpredictable negative side effects.

論文

Benomyl-resistant ${it Beauveria bassiana}$ (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) mutants induced by ion beams

Fitriana, Y.*; 篠原 忍*; 佐藤 勝也; 鳴海 一成*; 西東 力*

Applied Entomology and Zoology, 50(1), p.123 - 129, 2015/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.02.144
 被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：1.75(Chemistry, Physical)

Fungicides targeted at phytopathogens can be harmful to entomopathogenic fungi. The purpose of this study was to use ion-beam irradiation technology to produce benomyl-resistant mutants of the entomopathogenic fungus ${it Beauveria bassiana}$. After irradiation of conidia at 150 Gy, two mutant isolates, BB22 and BB24, were selected on media containing the fungicide. In an assay of vegetative growth, BB22 and BB24 were over 500 and 800 times more tolerant to benomyl, respectively, compared with the wild isolate. A mutation was found at position 198 of the $$beta$$-tubulin gene in the mutant isolates, with a substitution of glutamate for alanine (E198A). Ion beams have great potential as a tool to improve the traits of entomopathogenic fungi such as increasing tolerance to fungicides. Fungicide-resistant mutants produced in this way could be useful agents for biological control within IPM programmes where fungicides are also used.

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