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論文

Multi-scale synchrotron X-ray scattering studies on thermo-induced changes in structural and mechanical properties of CSH/PCE composites

Im, S.*; Jee, H.*; 兼松 学*; 諸岡 聡; Choe, H.*; 西尾 悠平*; 町田 晃彦*; 冨永 亜希; Jeon, B. H.*; Bae, S.*

Construction and Building Materials, 459, p.139742_1 - 139742_17, 2025/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139742
 被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Construction & Building Technology)

The influence of thermal deformation in lattice structure and inter-atomic distance on the residual mechanical properties of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH)/polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) composites at varying Ca/Si ratios remains ambiguous. Here, correlations between the multiscale structural transformation and mechanical properties of CSH/PCE composites with Ca/Si ratios ranging of 0.6 to 1.0 are investigated using ex situ small-angle X-ray scattering (Q = 0.005 - 2.7 $AA$^{-}$$) and in situ loading wide-angle X-ray scattering (Q = 1 - 18.5 $AA$^{-}$$).

論文

Role of retained austenite and deformation-induced martensite in 0.15C-5Mn steel monitored by ${it in situ}$ neutron diffraction measurement during tensile deformation

山下 享介*; 諸岡 聡; Gong, W.; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.; 北條 智彦*; 興津 貴隆*; 藤井 英俊*

ISIJ International, 64(14), p.2051 - 2060, 2024/12

https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2024-196

An Fe-0.15C-5Mn-0.5Si-0.05Nb steel annealed at 660$$^{circ}$$C and 685$$^{circ}$$C showed L$"u$ders deformation followed by high work hardening, with variations in L$"u$ders strain and hardening behavior. ${it In situ}$ neutron diffraction during tensile tests analyzed phase stresses, strength contributions, and austenite orientation. Deformation-induced martensite contributed $$sim$$1000 MPa to strength near tensile failure, while austenite mainly enhanced ductility via transformation-induced plasticity. Austenite transformed to martensite during L$"u$ders deformation regardless of orientation, though 311-oriented grains tended to remain along the tensile direction.

論文

気候変動予測結果を用いた河川における放射性セシウム流出量予測の精緻化

前川 暁洋*; 佐久間 一幸; Fan, S.*; 福田 美保*; 那須 康輝*; 谷口 圭輔*

KEK Proceedings 2024-6, p.7 - 12, 2024/12

最新の気候変動予測シナリオである2023年版(IPCC第6次評価報告書準拠)を用いて気候変動に応じた将来の放射性セシウム流出量の評価を行った。計算モデルMERCURYを用いて阿武隈川の二本松地点における2031-2049年及び2081-2099年のセシウム-137流出量を推定した。気候変動シナリオ(SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5、SSP5-8.5)において2031-2049年(約2.6-3.1TBq)より2081-2099年(約0.83-0.95TBq)の流出量が小さく、気候変動シナリオの違いによる流出量の差は大きくなかった。

論文

Electron transfer capability in atomic hydrogen reactions for imidazole groups bound to the insulating alkanethiolate layer on Au(111)

加藤 浩之*; 室山 瑞穂*; 小早川 なの*; 棟安 陸*; 津田 泰孝; 村瀬 菜摘*; 渡部 誠也*; 山田 剛司*; 兼松 佑典*; 立川 仁典*; et al.

Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters (Internet), 15(43), p.10769 - 10776, 2024/10

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02306
 被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：42.16(Chemistry, Physical)

The charge transfer capability associated with chemical reactions at metal-organic interfaces was studied via the atomic H addition reaction for an imidazole-terminated alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayer (Im-SAM) film on Au(111) using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), work function measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The imidazolium cation is a stable species in liquids, therefore, it is pertinent to determine whether the hydrogenation reactions of the imidazole groups produce imidazolium cations accompanied by electron transfer to the Au substrate, even in the absence of solvate and/or counterions on the insulating alkanethiolate layer. The analyses indicated that the imidazolium moieties in Im-SAM formed during atomic H irradiation, and some of the imidazolium radicals became cations. Theoretical model calculations also revealed that the total energies and molecular orbital levels satisfied the imidazolium cation formation associated with electron transfer.

論文

Magnetic excitation in the hyperkagome antiferromagnet Mn$$_{3}$$RhSi

社本 真一; 山内 宏樹; 飯田 一樹*; 池内 和彦*; 金子 耕士; Chen, Y.-S.*; 矢野 真一郎*; Hsu, P.-T.*; Lee, M. K.*; Hall, A. E.*; et al.

Physical Review Research (Internet), 6(3), p.033303_1 - 033303_7, 2024/09

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033303

Mn$$_{3}$$RhSiの磁気励起は少なくとも0.3から140meVに広がる。200Kでの非弾性散乱強度を積分することで、Mnサイト当たり約5$$mu_{B}$$の磁気モーメントは、約5$$mu_{B}$$であることがわかった。一方で、長距離磁気秩序の磁気モーメントは4Kでわずか2.61$$mu_{B}$$であり、多くの部分が低温まで揺らいでいることがわかった。

論文

Gradient residual strain determination of surface impacted railway S38C axles by neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging

Hu, F. F.*; Qin, T. Y.*; Ao, N.*; Su, Y. H.; Zhou, L.*; 徐 平光; Parker, J. D.*; 篠原 武尚; Chen, J.*; Wu, S. C.*

Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 306, p.110267_1 - 110267_18, 2024/08

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2024.110267
 被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：60.53(Mechanics)

Non-destructive and quantitative mapping of gradient residual strain distribution in surface-hardened railway S38C axles could provide a positive reference for determining service lifetime and maintenance strategy. To tackle this concern, time-of-flight neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging was employed by real axle samples with and without impacted crater. A novel and simple procedure to formulate the residual strain field was also developed in this work, with the transmission batch code in Appendix A. By mapping the global two- dimensional residual strains, it can be verified that the residual strains into the axle are uniformly distributed in the hoop direction. Subsequently, it was revealed that the axial and hoop residual strains, respectively in the cylinder and the long strip samples prepared from a real S38C hollow axle, indicated a gradient evolution distribution with a depth of $$sim$$ 8 mm, covering a range of -5500 $$sim$$ 1000 $$mu$$$$varepsilon$$ for axial strains and -6500 $$sim$$ 1000 $$mu$$$$varepsilon$$ for hoop strains. More importantly, the maximum compressive lattice strain of the cylinder sample was increased by 15.61%, and 22.35% at the impacting speeds of 100, and 125 m/s, respectively; and that of the long strip sample increased by 29.17%, and 43.70%, respectively. It can thus be concluded that lattice strains have redistributed around the impact crater, demonstrating the local alteration of the residual strain field. These new findings suggest the localized variation in residual strains should be taken into account while evaluating the service damage evolution of railway axles, especially those affected by high-speed impacts during operation.

論文

Internal strain measurement by neutron diffraction under transverse compressive stress for Nb$$_{3}$$Sn wires with and without Cu-Nb reinforcement

中本 美緒*; 菅野 未知央*; 荻津 透*; 杉本 昌弘*; 谷口 諒*; 廣瀬 清慈*; 川崎 卓郎; Gong, W.; Harjo, S.; 淡路 智*; et al.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 34(5), p.8400806_1 - 8400806_6, 2024/08

https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3379124
 被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Engineering, Electrical & Electronic)

For an accelerator magnet, a certain mechanical strength is required to sustain against a transverse compression stress due to Lorentz force. A bronze-route Nb$$_{3}$$Sn wire with Cu-Nb reinforcement was developed by Tohoku University and Furukawa Electric to enhance the strength against axial tension. The Cu-Nb reinforcement wire also exhibited some indication of strength improvement against transverse compression; however, the details of a reinforcement mechanism for the transverse compression stress have not been clarified. In this study, the internal strains of Nb$$_{3}$$Sn bronze-route wires with and without the Cu-Nb reinforcement under transverse compression stress were evaluated by neutron diffraction at BL19 (TAKUMI) in J-PARC. The samples were attached to jig with solder only at the ends and compression was applied at the center of the samples with 30-mm anvil with 5-mm wide and 8- to 15-mm high beam. Since a critical current, Ic of a superconducting wire depends on the three-dimensional strain, internal strain of Nb$$_{3}$$Sn along the axial and two orthogonal radial directions were evaluated at room temperature (RT). In the different setup, Ic measurements of the wires under transverse compression stresses were also performed at 4.2 K and 14.5 T. Using 3-mm wide anvil, the transverse compression was applied at 4.2 K or RT. The neutron diffraction results indicated no significant differences in the internal strains of Nb$$_{3}$$Sn under transverse compression between the samples with and without Cu-Nb reinforcement, while the Ic measurements showed potential increase in the irreversible stress ($$sigma$$$$_{irr}$$) for Cu-Nb reinforced wires. The reason for this discrepancy was discussed based on the difference in the experimental setups for each measurement.

論文

Gradient residual stress and fatigue life prediction of induction hardened carbon steel S38C axles; Experiment and simulation

Qin, T. Y.*; Hu, F. F.*; 徐 平光; Zhang, H.*; Zhou, L.*; Ao, N.*; Su, Y. H.; 菖蒲 敬久; Wu, S. C.*

International Journal of Fatigue, 185, p.108336_1 - 108336_13, 2024/08

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2024.108336
 被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：94.71(Engineering, Mechanical)

Gradient distribution of triaxial residual stresses to a depth of several millimeters is retained in middle carbon steel S38C axles after high-frequency induction hardening, which has become a critical concern for fatigue structural integrity. To address this, the axial, hoop, and radial gradient residual strains inside the axles were measured for the first time by advanced neutron diffraction. The SIGINI Fortran subroutine was then adopted to reconstruct the global initial residual stress field from the measured data. Experimental and simulation results show that residual stresses of about -520 MPa (axial), -710 MPa (hoop), and -40 MPa (radial) residual stress were retained below the axle surface. Subsequently, the fatigue crack propagation behavior of S38C axles was numerically investigated in the framework of fracture mechanics. The calculated results clearly show that the compressive residual stresses at a depth of 0?3 mm from the axle surface lead to a low crack growth driving force, and that fatigue cracks do not propagate as long as the crack depth is less than 3.7 mm for hollow S38C axles. These results further indicate that the maximum defect size allowed in routine inspections is acceptable from a safety and economic point of view. Accurate measurement and characterization of the global gradient residual stress field through experiments and simulations can provide an important reference for optimizing the mileage intervals of nondestructive testing (NDT) of surface defects in these surface-strengthened railway axles.

論文

Gradient residual strain measurement procedure in surface impacted railway steel axles by using neutron scattering

Zhou, L.*; Zhang, H.*; Qin, T. Y.*; Hu, F. F.*; 徐 平光; Ao, N.*; Su, Y. H.; He, L. H.*; Li, X. H.*; Zhang, J. R.*; et al.

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 55(7), p.2175 - 2185, 2024/07

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-024-07352-5
 被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：75.40(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

High-speed railway S38C axles undergo surface induction hardening for durability, but are susceptible to fatigue cracks from foreign object impact. The neutron diffraction method was employed to measure the residual strain in S38C axles, obtaining microscopic lattice distortion data, for the gradient layer at a depth of 8 mm under the surface. The results showed that after induction-hardening, the microscopic lattice distortion had a gradient distribution, decreasing with the distance from the surface. However, in the case of impacting speed of 600 km/m, the average microscopic lattice distortion increased with the distance from the surface, reaching a maximum augmentation of 55 pct. These findings indicate a strong experimental basis, and improve our understanding of the relationship between macroscopic residual stress and decision-making, in regard to operation and maintenance.

論文

Hydrogen bond symmetrisation in D$$_2$$O ice observed by neutron diffraction

小松 一生*; 服部 高典; Klotz, S.*; 町田 真一*; 山下 恵史朗*; 伊藤 颯*; 小林 大輝*; 入舩 徹男*; 新名 亨*; 佐野 亜沙美; et al.

Nature Communications (Internet), 15, p.5100_1 - 5100_7, 2024/06

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48932-8
 被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：72.77(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

水素結合の対称化とは、水素原子が水素結合の中心に位置する現象である。理論的研究により、氷VIIの水素結合は、圧力が増加するにつれて、水素の分布を変化させながら、いくつかの中間状態を経て、最終的に対称化すると予測されている。これまで、多くの実験的研究が行われてきたにもかかわらず、その水素の位置や転移圧力は一貫していない。われわれは、100GPa以上の圧力で中性子回折実験を行い、氷中の水素分布を決定し、隣接酸素間での分布が80GPa付近で2つから1つになり水素結合が対称化することを世界で初めて観測した。

論文

Organization of malonamides from the interface to the organic bulk phase

Micheau, C.; 上田 祐生; 元川 竜平; 阿久津 和宏*; 山田 悟史*; 山田 雅子*; Moussaoui, S. A.*; Makombe, E.*; Meyer, D.*; Berthon, L.*; et al.

Journal of Molecular Liquids, 401, p.124372_1 - 124372_12, 2024/05

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2024.124372
 被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：65.57(Chemistry, Physical)

Supramolecular organization of amphiphilic extractant molecules is involved in metal cation selectivity and separation kinetics during solvent extraction. The relationship between extractant associates/aggregates formed in the organic bulk phase and at the liquid-liquid interface is poorly understood even though it affects the extraction mechanism. The nanoscopic structures of the extraction systems N,N,N',N'-tetrahexylmalonamide (THMA) in toluene and N,N'-dibutyl-N,N'-dimethyl-2-tetradecylmalonamide (DBMA) in n-heptane, used for either Pd(II) or Nd(III) selective extraction from an acidic aqueous phase, were examined. These systems present markedly different affinity for Pd(II) and Nd(III), and extraction kinetics. Extractant organization in the organic bulk phase and at the interface were compared by small-angle X-ray scattering, interfacial tension, and neutron reflectivity. THMA in toluene forms small associates in the organic bulk phase and accumulates in a diffuse layer at the interface, decreasing Pd(II) coordination probability and resulting in slow extraction. DBMA in n-heptane forms large aggregates and a compact, dense interfacial layer, resulting in rapid Pd(II) and Nd(III) extraction. Thus, Pd(II) extraction is driven by interfacial coordination alone, whereas the incorporation of Nd(III) into the core of large aggregates governs Nd(III) extraction in the interfacial layer. These results suggest that the interface should be described as a nanoscale interphase containing a high extractant concentration compared with the organic bulk phase.

論文

Development of an Fe$$^{rm II}$$ complex exhibiting intermolecular proton shifting coupled spin transition

Ji, T.*; Su, S.*; Wu, S.*; 堀 優太*; 重田 育照*; Huang, Y.*; Zheng, W.*; Xu, W.*; Zhang, X.*; 鬼柳 亮嗣; et al.

Angewandte Chemie; International Edition, 63(25), p.e202404843_1 - e202404843_6, 2024/04

https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404843
 被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)

In this study, we investigated reversible intermolecular proton shifting (IPS) coupled with spin transition (ST) in a novel Fe$$^{rm II}$$ complex. The host Fe$$^{rm II}$$ complex and the guest carboxylic acid anion were connected by intermolecular hydrogen bonds (IHBs). We extended the intramolecular proton transfer coupled ST phenomenon to the intermolecular system. The dynamic phenomenon was confirmed by variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, neutron crystallography, and infrared spectroscopy.

論文

Onset of collectivity for argon isotopes close to $$N=32$$

Linh, B. D.*; Corsi, A.*; Gillibert, A.*; Obertelli, A.*; Doornenbal, P.*; Barbieri, C.*; Duguet, T.*; G$'o$mez-Ramos, M.*; Holt, J. D.*; Hu, B. S.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 109(3), p.034312_1 - 034312_15, 2024/03

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.109.034312
 被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：58.81(Physics, Nuclear)

理化学研究所RIビームファクトリーにて中性子過剰核$$^{50}$$Arビームからの1中性子ノックアウト反応実験を行い、$$^{49}$$Arのエネルギー準位および分光学的因子を導出した。特に、第一励起状態の$$1/2^-$$への分光学的因子が大きいことから、始状態の$$^{50}$$Arの基底状態において中性子が$$p_{1/2}$$軌道を多く占めていることがわかった。これは、中性子数32がよい魔法数として知られる$$^{52}$$Caとは異なった性質であり、カルシウムからアルゴンへと陽子が2個減ることで閉殻構造が大きく崩れることが明らかになった。

論文

Quantum critical behavior of the hyperkagome magnet Mn$$_3$$CoSi

山内 宏樹; Sari, D. P.*; 安井 幸夫*; 坂倉 輝俊*; 木村 宏之*; 中尾 朗子*; 大原 高志; 本田 孝志*; 樹神 克明; 井川 直樹; et al.

Physical Review Research (Internet), 6(1), p.013144_1 - 013144_9, 2024/02

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013144

$$beta$$-Mn-type family alloys Mn$$_3$$$$TX$$ have three-dimensional antiferromagnetic (AFM) corner-shared triangular network. The antiferromagnet Mn$$_3$$RhSi shows magnetic short-range order (SRO) over a wide temperature range of approximately 500 K above the N$'{e}$el temperature $$T_{rm N}$$ = 190 K. Mn$$_3$$CoSi has the smallest lattice parameter and the lowest $$T_{rm N}$$ in the family compounds. The quantum critical point (QCP) from AFM to the quantum paramagnetic state is expected near a cubic lattice parameter of 6.15 $AA. Although $T_N$$ of Mn$$_3$$CoSi is only 140 K, quantum critical behavior is observed in Mn$$_3$$CoSi as the enhancement of the electronic specific heat coefficient $$gamma$$. We study how the magnetic SRO appears in Mn$$_3$$CoSi by using neutron scattering, $$mu$$SR, and physical property measurements. The experimental results show that the neutron scattering intensity of the magnetic SRO does not change much regardless of the suppressed magnetic moment in the long-range magnetic ordered state compared to those of Mn$$_3$$RhSi. The initial asymmetry drop ratio of $$mu$$SR above $$T_{rm N}$$ becomes small, and the magnetic SRO temperature $$T_{SRO}$$ is suppressed to 240 K. The results suggest that the Mn$$_3$$CoSi is close to the QCP in the Mn$$_3$$$$TX$$ system.

論文

Role of retained austenite and deformation induced martensite in 0.15C-5Mn steel monitored by ${it in-situ}$ neutron diffraction measurement during tensile deformation

山下 享介*; 諸岡 聡; Gong, W.; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.; 北條 智彦*; 興津 貴隆*; 藤井 英俊*

鉄と鋼, 110(3), p.241 - 251, 2024/02

https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2023-059
 被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)

A Fe-0.15C-5Mn-0.5Si-0.05Nb medium Mn steel annealed at 660$$^{circ}$$C and 685$$^{circ}$$C both exhibited inhomogeneous deformation with Luders deformation and extremely high work hardening rates, but with different Luders strain and work hardening behavior. ${it In-situ}$ neutron diffraction measurements during tensile test were performed to investigate changes in the phase stresses and in the contributed stresses to the strength of the constituent phases, and crystal orientation of austenite. The role of each constituent phase in the deformation and the effect of crystallographic orientation on austenite stability were discussed. Deformation induced martensite showed excellent phase stress and contributed to the strength approximately 1000 MPa, which is close to macroscopic tensile strength.

論文

Impact of interatomic structural characteristics of aluminosilicate hydrate on the mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer

Kim, G.*; Cho, S.-M.*; Im, S.*; Suh, H.*; 諸岡 聡; 菖蒲 敬久; 兼松 学*; 町田 晃彦*; Bae, S.*

Construction and Building Materials, 411, p.134529_1 - 134529_18, 2024/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134529
 被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：69.96(Construction & Building Technology)

This study explores the influence of the interatomic structure of sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) with varying silica contents on the mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer. Geopolymer pastes comprising Si/Al ratios between 2.0 and 3.0 were synthesized. A larger number of Si-O-Si linkages compared to Si-O-Al linkages and a higher atomic number density were found in the geopolymers with higher silica contents, which enhanced the compressive strength of the geopolymer pastes up to the optimal Si/Al ratio of 2.5. The paste with a Si/Al = 2.5 exhibited a greater portion of Q$$^{4}$$(1Al and 2Al) and denser morphology compared to the other geopolymer pastes. Furthermore, in-situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray scattering experiments were conducted to assess the elastic modulus of the aluminosilicate structure at a local atomic scale. The modulus value in real space decreases with increasing silica contents up to Si/Al = 2.5 and increases with the presence of excessive unreacted silica fume. The modulus value in reciprocal space for the axial and lateral directions both presented a positive value at the geopolymer comprising a Si/Al ratio higher than 2.5, indicating that the load-bearing property of N-A-S-H changed at higher Si/Al ratios. Moreover, the smallest difference between the strains along the axial and lateral directions was detected for the geopolymer with Si/Al = 2.5 in both the real and reciprocal space, owing to the most interconnected and flexible nanostructure, which led to the highest mechanical strength.

論文

Characteristic microstructural phase evolution and the compressive strength development mechanisms of tricalcium silicate pastes under various initial carbonation curing environments

Cho, S.*; Suh, H.*; Im, S.*; Kim, G.*; 兼松 学*; 諸岡 聡; 町田 晃彦*; 菖蒲 敬久; Bae, S.*

Construction and Building Materials, 409, p.133866_1 - 133866_20, 2023/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133866
 被引用回数：13 パーセンタイル：85.36(Construction & Building Technology)

The effects of various initial carbonation curing environments on the phase evolution and resulting mechanical characteristics of tricalcium silicate paste were studied. For the analyses of the reaction products and microstructure, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high-resolution X-ray computed tomography were utilized. C$$_{3}$$S cured under carbonation environment pressurized by 0.1 MPa showed excellent mechanical properties owing to the highest degree of reaction and homogeneous generation of CaCO$$_{3}$$ with low-Ca/Si calcium silicate hydrates, resulting in a dense matrix with refined pore structure. C$$_{3}$$S paste treated under other carbonation conditions underwent deteriorative microstructural phase transitions, including void evolution by decalcification of C-S-H and an inhomogeneous composition of crystalline phases, resulting in inferior properties.

論文

Petrophysical properties of representative geological rocks encountered in carbon storage and utilization

Hu, Q.*; Wang, Q. M.*; Zhang, T.*; Zhao, C.*; Iltaf, K. H.*; Liu, S. Q.*; 深津 勇太

Energy Reports (Internet), 9, p.3661 - 3682, 2023/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.02.020
 被引用回数：10 パーセンタイル：66.70(Energy & Fuels)

This study evaluates petrophysical properties of representative geological rocks in the context of injectivity, storage space, and caprock integrity for effective utilization and long-term storage of carbon dioxide. A total of 10 geological rocks were selected as representative storage media for consideration as saline aquifers & depleted oil and gas reservoirs, basalts, and cap rocks, as well as utilization in organic-rich shale and coal seams. An integrated suite of laboratory tests, including liquid immersion porosimetry, gas expansion porosimetry, grain size distribution, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and gas diffusion, were performed on these various rock samples. The results exhibit a disparity of petrophysical properties among two broad groups of rocks: rocks selected for possible storage of CO$$_{2}$$ have porosities of $$sim$$10-25%, permeabilities of $$sim$$10$$^{-16}$$-10$$^{-13}$$ m$$^{2}$$, $$mu$$m-sized pore-throat size distribution, and mostly good pore connectivity; in contrast, the potential caprocks have porosities of $$sim$$0.5-5%, permeabilities of $$sim$$10$$^{-20}$$-10$$^{-18}$$ m$$^{2}$$, pore throat sizes of $$<$$50 nm, and probably poorly connected pore networks. An understanding of the measured facets of pore structure and contribution of fractures is also critical in the context of different testing principles and data interpretation of petrophysical analyses, as well as observational scales in the laboratory and field, and therefore reliable confidence of CO$$_{2}$$ storage and utilization performance. Our work further illustrates the controlling influence of grain size distribution and geological processes on pore size distribution and pore connectivity for a wide range of rock types and lithologies, and particularly presents the extent and behavior of CO$$_{2}$$ gas diffusion with a custom-designed apparatus for a holistic understanding of various petrophysical attributes of widely different geological rocks.

論文

Predictive and inverse modeling of a radionuclide diffusion experiment in crystalline rock at ONKALO (Finland)

Soler, J. M.*; Kek$"a$l$"a$inen, P.*; Pulkkanen, V.-M.*; Moreno, L.*; Iraola, A.*; Trinchero, P.*; Hokr, M.*; $v{R}$$'i$ha, J.*; Havlov$'a$, V.*; Trpko$v{s}$ov$'a$, D.*; et al.

Nuclear Technology, 209(11), p.1765 - 1784, 2023/11

https://doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2023.2209234
 被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：73.39(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The REPRO-TDE test was performed at a depth of about 400 m in the ONKALO underground research facility in Finland. Synthetic groundwater containing radionuclide tracers (HTO, Cl-36, Na-22, Ba-133, Cs-134) was circulated for about four years in a packed-off interval of the injection borehole. Tracer activities were additionally monitored in two observation boreholes. The test was the subject of a modelling exercise by the SKB GWFTS Task Force. Eleven teams participated in the exercise, using different model concepts and approaches. Predictive model calculations were based on laboratory-based information concerning porosities, diffusion coefficients and sorption partition coefficients. After the experimental results were made available, the teams were able to revise their models to reproduce the observations. General conclusions from these back-analysis calculations include the need for reduced effective diffusion coefficients for Cl-36 compared to those applicable to HTO (anion exclusion), the need to implement weaker sorption for Na-22, compared to results from laboratory batch-sorption experiments, and the observation of large differences between the theoretical initial concentrations for the strongly-sorbing Ba-133 and Cs-134 and the first measured values a few hours after tracer injection. Different teams applied different concepts, concerning mainly the implementation of isotropic vs. anisotropic diffusion, or the possible existence of Borehole Disturbed Zones around the different boreholes. The role of microstructure was also addressed in two of the models.

論文

The Role of collision ionization of K-shell ions in nonequilibrium plasmas produced by the action of super strong, ultrashort PW-class laser pulses on micron-scale argon clusters with intensity up to 5 $$times$$ 10$$^{21}$$ W/cm$$^{2}$$

Skobelev, I. Yu.*; Ryazantsev, S. N.*; Kulikov, R. K.*; Sedov, M. V.*; Filippov, E. D.*; Pikuz, S. A.*; 浅井 孝文*; 金崎 真聡*; 山内 知也*; 神野 智史; et al.

Photonics (Internet), 10(11), p.1250_1 - 1250_11, 2023/11

https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10111250
 被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：18.07(Optics)

物質が高強度レーザーパルスと相互作用して生成されるプラズマの電荷状態の発展において、光電場と衝突電離の影響を明確に区別することは困難である。この研究では、プラズマキネティクスの時間依存計算を用いて、クラスターが十分に小さい低密度のガス状ターゲットを用いた場合にのみ可能であることを示した。Arプラズマの場合、クラスター半径の上限は$$R_0=0.1mu$$mと見積もられた。

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