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Li, H.*; Gong, W.; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.; Zheng, R.*; 他6名*
Acta Materialia, 305, p.121884_1 - 121884_10, 2026/02
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The quest for lightweight and highly formable magnesium (Mg) alloys has drawn significant attention due to the growing demand for energy-efficient structural materials. Achieving high ductility in Mg at room temperature, which is critical for mass production of structural components, remains a formidable challenge despite decades of research. In this study, we demonstrate super-ductility in an ultrafine-grained (UFG) Mg alloy at room temperature. By microalloying with trace manganese (Mn) and reducing the grain size to sub-micron scale, Mg-0.3Mn binary alloy achieves an exceptional room temperature tensile elongation of 135% at a quasi-static strain rate. Detailed microstructural analysis reveals that grain boundary (GB) sliding, rather than intragranular dislocation slip, is the dominant deformation mechanism in the UFG Mg-0.3Mn alloy. Unlike conventional alloying strategies that lead to GB pinning, the segregation of Mn element along GBs in a manner of nano-clusters could reduce interfacial bonding strength, acting as a lubricant to facilitate GB sliding and thus dramatically boost the ductility. This innovative GB engineering approach unlocks unprecedentedly remarkable deformability of Mg-based alloys at room temperature, paving the way for next-generation lightweight structural applications.
Zhu, L.*; Dong, W.*; Naeem, M.*; Kong, H.*; Hu, C.*; Fan, Z.*; Gong, W.; Harjo, S.; Lan, S.*; Wu, Y.*; et al.
Acta Materialia, 303, p.121734_1 - 121734_10, 2026/01
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：0.00(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Body-centered cubic (BCC) metals typically exhibit high yield strength but limited work hardening and uniform elongation, especially at low temperatures. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) offer opportunities to overcome these limitations, though their deformation mechanisms remain unclear. Using in situ neutron diffraction and microstructural analysis, this study identifies the origin of the exceptionally large uniform elongation at liquid nitrogen temperature in a single-phase BCC (TiZrHf)
Al
Nb
HEA. Initial plastic deformation is governed by a BCC-to-orthorhombic (
") transformation, followed by " twinning and deformation-induced amorphization at later stages. The cooperation of these mechanisms suppresses work softening from dislocation plasticity, enabling high yield strength with large uniform elongation and providing a viable strategy for designing cryogenic structural materials.
Cho, K.*; 山下 葵平*; 角谷 心之輔*; 齊藤 拓馬*; 佐々木 泰祐*; 澤泉 克彦*; 奥川 将行*; 小泉 雄一郎*; 眞山 剛*; 菊川 泰地*; et al.
Acta Materialia, 303, p.121696_1 - 121696_18, 2026/01
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：0.00(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The deformation behavior and strengthening mechanism of Inconel 718 with a hierarchical structure composed of microscale crystallographic lamellar microstructure (CLM) and nanoscale cellular structure, fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, were clarified via nanoscale microstructural and in-situ neutron diffraction analyses. The CLM is a layered structure parallel to the building direction (BD) and consists of relatively wide main and narrow sub-layers with 
110
and 100 orientations, respectively, with respect to BD. This is the first study to demonstrate that the yield stress of the alloys depends strongly on deformation stresses of the sub-layers, even though Schmid factors of the primary slip system for both layers are the same. The sub-layer continues to deform elastically even beyond the micro-yield point of the main layer, which results in the macroscopic strengthening at an early stage of deformation. On the other hand, the cellular structure is formed in both layers, associated with a dendritic cell growth along 100 direction, Nb segregation between the cells and an accumulation of dislocations to decrease a residual stress. The cell boundaries with numerous dislocations and Nb segregation act as a strong barrier to dislocation motion resulting in a stress increase through the Hall-Petch law, even though they are low-angle grain boundaries. The spacing and morphology of the cell boundary depend strongly on fabrication conditions. The optimized cellular structure provides significant strengthening comparable to or greater than that caused by large-angle grain boundaries, thereby increasing the macroscopic strength of the alloys through hardening of the sub-layer.
Chong, Y.*; 都留 智仁; Gholizadeh, R.*; Minor, A. M.*; 辻 伸泰*
Acta Materialia, 301, p.121523_1 - 121523_12, 2025/12
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：66.69(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)六方最密充填(HCP)チタン合金は、非対称なHCP結晶構造のため本質的に独立した滑り系が少ないため、大きな延性を達成するには双晶形成が不可欠である。一般に双晶形成は原理的には微量の格子間酸素によって抑制され、チタンの延性が大幅に低下することが知られているが、その根本的なメカニズムは議論の余地がある。本研究では、Ti-O合金の双晶形成/双晶回復挙動に関する体系的なマルチスケール研究を報告し、格子間酸素が双晶形成を阻害する要因を検討した。アトムプローブトモグラフィーを使用して、酸素原子が{10
2}
引張双晶境界と{11
2}圧縮双晶境界の両方に偏析することを初めて明らかにした。また、第一原理計算によって、酸素シャッフルメカニズムによる双晶境界への酸素原子の強いピン止め効果が示され、これにより異なる温度でのTi-O合金の双晶境界の特異な移動形態を説明することに成功した。これらの実験と計算による研究から得られた知見は、格子間不純物含有量の変動に対する許容度を高めたチタン合金の設計の根拠となり、この高強度で軽量な材料のより広範な使用に大きな意味をもたらす。
Zheng, R.*; Gong, W.; 他6名*
Acta Materialia, 293, p.121098_1 - 121098_12, 2025/07
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：77.86(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Hall-Petch law fails when grains smaller than a critical size, due to grain boundary (GB) kinetics-dominated plasticity. To enhance strength, improving GB stability is a consideration. However, this often requires a significant amount of alloying elements, posing resource challenges. Additionally, practical fabrication of extremely fine grains is still an issue. In our study, we firstly demonstrate a remarkable hardening-by-annealing phenomenon in magnesium (Mg) with relatively large grain sizes of 0.2-0.5 
m, even with ultra-low yttrium (Y) addition. We reveal that annealing induces GB segregation/relaxation, effectively limiting the GB kinetics and promoting dislocation-dominated plasticity. Furthermore, the accompanying dislocation annihilation hinders deformation due to dislocation scarcity. As a result, we discovered extraordinary hardening in bulk ultrafine grained Mg-Y ultra-dilute alloy. This work offers a promising avenue for developing energy- and resource-efficient sustainable Mg alloys with superior mechanical properties.
Park, M.-H.*; 柴田 曉伸*; Harjo, S.; 辻 伸泰*
Acta Materialia, 292, p.121061_1 - 121061_13, 2025/06
被引用回数：34 パーセンタイル：99.57(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Dual-phase (DP) steel, composed of soft ferrite and hard martensite, offers excellent strength-ductility balance and low cost. This study found that refining the DP microstructure enhanced both yield strength and strain hardening, improving strength and ductility. Digital image correlation (DIC) revealed strain localization in ferrite, but refinement reduced strain differences between ferrite and martensite, suppressing crack initiation. More ferrite/martensite interfaces promoted plasticity in martensite via enhanced deformation constraint. 
neutron diffraction showed martensite bore higher phase stress, which increased with refinement. By combining -DIC and neutron data, individual stress-strain curves for ferrite and martensite were constructed for the first time, explaining the strength-ductility synergy through interphase constraint. These findings offer guidance for designing heterostructured materials to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off.
Kim, Y. S.*; Kang, T.*; Hong, S.-K.*; Brechtl, J.*; Lebyodkin, M.*; Cheng, Y.-H.*; Huang, E.-W.*; Liaw, P. K.*; Harjo, S.; Gong, W.; et al.
Acta Materialia, 292, p.120970_1 - 120970_16, 2025/06
被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：91.77(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Metallic materials can exhibit low-temperature serrated deformation (LTSD) at cryogenic temperatures, potentially causing sudden failures. Understanding LTSD is thus crucial for ensuring material reliability in such environments. LTSD has been explained by two main mechanisms: (i) dislocation-based mechanical instability and (ii) thermomechanical instability, but each has limitations when considered alone. To address this, we propose a new LTSD mechanism, a thermally induced dislocation dynamics model, based on cryogenic experimental evidence. This model accounts for dislocation avalanches and localized heating, leading to hierarchical dislocation networks and transitions in deformation modes. A modified deformation-mechanism map for SS316L is also presented. Our findings highlight the rate-dependent nature of LTSD and negative strain-rate sensitivity, including the first observation of links between small stress fluctuations and large serrations.
Wang, Y.*; Gong, W.; Harjo, S.; 他7名*
Acta Materialia, 288, p.120840_1 - 120840_14, 2025/04
被引用回数：22 パーセンタイル：98.89(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Low yield strength and the presence of Luders bands constitute principal impediments to the extensive applications of conventional medium Mn steels with a duplex microstructure of ferrite and austenite. Flash heating and the concept of chemical heterogeneity have been combined to engineer a duplex austenite-martensite microstructure in medium Mn steels, which has proven effective in augmenting the yield strength and mitigating the occurrence of Luders bands. However, the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. In the present work, the effect of austenite stability on yielding behavior was systematically investigated in an austenite-martensite duplex medium Mn steel. Austenite stability was identified as the critical factor governing yield strength, where reduced stability promotes early stage deformation induced martensite transformation, thereby decreasing yield strength. Diminished austenite stability may as well induce enhanced work hardening, thereby result in the inclination and eventual elimination of yield plateau, concomitant with the disappearance of Luders bands. These observations expand our current understanding of the yielding behavior in medium Mn steels and offer insights for the design of other advanced high strength steels.
neutron diffraction study伊東 達矢; 小川 祐平*; Gong, W.; Mao, W.*; 川崎 卓郎; 岡田 和歩*; 柴田 曉伸*; Harjo, S.
Acta Materialia, 287, p.120767_1 - 120767_16, 2025/04
被引用回数：15 パーセンタイル：97.88(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Incorporating solute hydrogen into Fe-Cr-Ni-based austenitic stainless steels enhances both strength and ductility, providing a promising solution to hydrogen embrittlement by causing solid-solution strengthening and assisting deformation twinning. However, its impacts on the relevant lattice defects evolution (
, dislocations, stacking faults, and twins) during deformation remains unclear. This study compared the tensile deformation behavior in an Fe-24Cr-19Ni (mass%) austenitic steel with 7600 atom ppm hydrogen-charged (H-charged) and without hydrogen-charged (non-charged) using neutron diffraction. Hydrogen effects on the lattice expansion, solid-solution strengthening, stacking fault probability, stacking fault energy, dislocation density, and strain/stress for twin evolution were quantitatively evaluated to link them with the macroscale mechanical properties. The H-charged sample showed improvements in yield stress, flow stress, and uniform elongation, consistent with earlier findings. However, solute hydrogen exhibited minimal influences on the evolution of dislocation and stacking fault. This fact contradicts the previous reports on hydrogen-enhanced dislocation and stacking fault evolutions, the latter of which can be responsible for the enhancement of twinning. The strain for twin evolution was smaller in the H-charged sample compared to the non-charged one. Nevertheless, when evaluated as the onset stress for twin evolution, there was minimal change between the two samples. These findings suggest that the increase in flow stress due to the solid-solution strengthening by hydrogen is a root cause of accelerated deformation twinning at a smaller strain, leading to an enhanced work-hardening rate and improved uniform elongation.
吉田 周平*; Gong, W.; 他9名*
Acta Materialia, 283, p.120498_1 - 120498_15, 2025/01
被引用回数：19 パーセンタイル：91.25(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Face-centered cubic (FCC) high/medium entropy alloys (HEAs/MEAs), novel multi-principal element alloys, are known to exhibit exceptional mechanical properties at room temperature; however, the origin is still elusive. Here, we report the deformation microstructure evolutions in a tensile-deformed Co
Cr
Ni representative MEA and Co
Ni alloy, a conventional binary alloy for comparison. These FCC alloys have high/low friction stresses, and share similar other material properties. The CoCrNi MEA exhibited higher yield strength and work-hardening ability than in the CoNi alloy. Deformation microstructures in the CoCrNi alloy were marked by the presence of coarse dislocation cells (DCs) regardless of grain orientation and a few deformation twins (DTs) in grains with the tensile axis (TA) near 1 1 1. In contrast, the MEA developed three distinct deformation microstructures depending on grain orientations: fine DCs in grains with the TA near 1 0 0, planar dislocation structure (PDS) in grains with other orientations, and a high density of DTs along with PDS in grains oriented 1 1 1. These findings demonstrate that FCC HEAs/MEAs with high friction stresses naturally develop unique deformation microstructures which is beneficial for realizing superior mechanical properties compared to conventional materials.
岡田 和歩*; 柴田 曉伸*; 木村 勇次*; 山口 正剛; 海老原 健一; 辻 伸泰*
Acta Materialia, 280, p.120288_1 - 120288_14, 2024/11
被引用回数：14 パーセンタイル：83.11(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The present study aimed at strengthening prior austenite grain boundary (PAGB) cohesive energy using carbon segregation and investigated the effect of carbon segregation at PAGB on the microscopic crack propagation behavior of hydrogen-related intergranular fractures in high-strength martensitic steels. At the low hydrogen content (below 0.2 wt. ppm), the fracture initiation toughness (
) and tearing modulus (
), corresponding to crack growth resistance, were significantly improved by carbon segregation. In contrast, and did not change by carbon segregation at the high hydrogen content (above 0.5 wt. ppm). Considering the non-linear relationship between the toughness properties and the PAGB cohesive energy, the experimentally evaluated toughness properties ( and ) and the GB cohesive energy previously calculated by first-principles calculations were semi-quantitatively consistent even at the high hydrogen content. The microstructure observation confirmed that the plastic deformation associated with crack propagation, such as the local ductile fracture of uncracked ligaments and the formation of dislocation cell structures/nano-voids, played an important role in the non-linear relationship between the toughness properties and PAGB cohesive energy.
Mao, W.*; Gao, S.*; Gong, W.; 川崎 卓郎; 伊東 達矢; Harjo, S.; 辻 伸泰*
Acta Materialia, 278, p.120233_1 - 120233_13, 2024/10
被引用回数：43 パーセンタイル：98.03(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Using a hybrid method of in situ neutron diffraction and digital image correlation, we found that ultrafine-grained 304 stainless steel exhibits Luders deformation after yielding, in which the deformation behavior changes from a cooperation mechanism involving dislocation slip and martensitic transformation to one primarily governed by martensitic transformation, as the temperature decreases from 295 K to 77 K. Such martensitic transformation-governed Luders deformation delays the activation of plastic deformation in both the austenite parent and martensite product, resulting in delayed strain hardening. This preserves the strain-hardening capability for the later stage of deformation, thereby maintaining a remarkable elongation of 29% while achieving a high tensile strength of 1.87 GPa at 77 K.
Ma, Y.*; Naeem, M.*; Zhu, L.*; He, H.*; Sun, X.*; Yang, Z.*; He, F.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Wang, X.-L.*
Acta Materialia, 270, p.119822_1 - 119822_13, 2024/05
被引用回数：19 パーセンタイル：93.00(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)We report an in situ neutron diffraction study of 316 L that reveals an extraordinary work-hardening rate (WHR) of 
7 GPa at 15 K. Detailed analyses show that the major contribution to the excellent strength and ductility comes from the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, introduced by the austenite-to-martensite (
-to-') phase transition. A dramatic increase in the WHR is observed along with the transformation; the WHR declined when the austenite phase is exhausted. During plastic deformation, the volume-fraction weighted phase stress and stress contribution from the '-martensite increase significantly. The neutron diffraction data further suggest that the -to-' phase transformation was mediated by the 
-martensite, as evidenced by the concurrent decline of the phase with the phase.
Guo, B.*; Chen, H.*; Chong, Y.*; Mao, W.; Harjo, S.; Gong, W.; Zhang, Z.*; Jonas, J. J.*; 辻 伸泰*
Acta Materialia, 268, p.119780_1 - 119780_11, 2024/04
被引用回数：24 パーセンタイル：94.87(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)This paper focused on the characterization and mechanism of the dynamic transformation from the alpha to beta phase during the hot deformation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and pure titanium. The investigation employed in-situ neutron diffraction and atomistic simulations for a comprehensive understanding of the process. Dynamic transformations were observed during deformation of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy and pure titanium below the beta transus temperatures. During isothermal holding after unloading, the in-situ neutron diffraction results for Ti-6Al-4V and pure titanium indicated a sluggish reverse transformation from the beta to alpha phase. The mechanism of dynamic transformation was explored through in-situ neutron diffraction and atomistic simulations, which revealed twofold effects of deformation on dynamic transformation. Firstly, deformation led to a significant rise in the Gibbs energy of the alpha phase relative to the beta phase, expanding the beta phase region and diminishing the alpha phase region. Secondly, deformation lowered the energy barriers associated with dynamic transformation, facilitating the activation of dynamic transformation more readily than in the equilibrium state before deformation.
Mao, W.; Gao, S.*; Gong, W.; Bai, Y.*; Harjo, S.; Park, M.-H.*; 柴田 曉伸*; 辻 伸泰*
Acta Materialia, 256, p.119139_1 - 119139_16, 2023/09
被引用回数：59 パーセンタイル：98.49(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)変形誘起塑性(TRIP)鋼は、変形誘起マルテンサイト変態(DIMT)に伴う加工硬化率の向上により、強度と延性の優れた組み合わせを示す。TRIP鋼や合金の加工硬化挙動におけるDIMTの役割を定量的に評価することは、強度と延性の両立を可能にする先進材料を設計するための指針を与えるが、変形中に相組成が変化し続け、応力と塑性ひずみの両方が構成相間で動的に分配されるため、その評価は困難である。本研究では、Fe-24Ni-0.3C(wt.%)TRIPオーステナイト鋼の引張変形とその場中性子回折測定を行った。中性子回折測定による応力分割と相分割に基づく解析手法を提案し、試験片の引張流動応力と加工硬化率を、オーステナイト母相,変形誘起マルテンサイト、DIMT変態速度に関連する因子に分解し、試料の加工硬化挙動における各因子の役割を考察した。さらに、回折プロファイル解析により測定した転位密度を用いてオーステナイトとマルテンサイト間の塑性ひずみ分配を間接的に推定し、材料中のオーステナイトとマルテンサイト間の応力・ひずみ分配の全体像を構築した。その結果、変形誘起マルテンサイト変態速度とマルテンサイトが負担する相応力の両方が、材料の全体的な引張特性に重要な役割を果たしていることが示唆された。提案した分解解析法は、TRIP現象を示す多相合金の機械的挙動を調べるために広く適用できる可能性がある。
titanium alloys strong and ductileChong, Y.*; Gholizadeh, R.*; Guo, B.*; 都留 智仁; Zhao, G.*; 吉田 周平*; 光原 昌寿*; Godfrey, A.*; 辻 伸泰*
Acta Materialia, 257, p.119165_1 - 119165_14, 2023/09
被引用回数：70 パーセンタイル：98.93(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)チタン合金は、優れた歪み硬化能を有する反面、降伏強度が低いという問題を抱えている。ここでは、Ti-12Mo(wt.%)準安定チタン合金の降伏強度の向上における結晶粒の微細化と格子間物質の添加の寄与について検討した。その結果、結晶粒の微細化は材料を強化するどころか、この合金の極限引張強度を低下させることがわかった。この予想外の異常な挙動は、ひずみ誘起
マルテンサイト相変態が著しく促進されたことに起因しており、その場観察放射光X線回折分析により、この相が相よりはるかに軟らかいことが初めて明らかになった。また、酸素添加と結晶粒微細化の組み合わせにより、Ti-12Mo-0.3O(wt.%)合金において前例のない強度と延性の相乗効果が得られることが判明した。この三元合金における酸素溶質には2つの有利な点がある。第一に、溶質酸素は、微細な組織においても、歪みによるマルテンサイト相への変態を大きく抑制し、過剰なマルテンサイトによる軟化効果を回避することができる。次に、アトムプローブトモグラフィーで明らかになったように、酸素溶質が双晶境界に偏析しやすい。これにより、
変形双晶の成長が抑制され、より広範な双晶の核生成が促進される。本研究で得られた知見は、強靭な準安定チタン合金を設計するための費用対効果の高い根拠となり、この高強度対重量構造材料のさらなる普及に大きな意味を持つ。
Mg and long-period stacking ordered phases in a Mg-Zn-Y alloy by hot-extrusion with low extrusion ratioHarjo, S.; Gong, W.; 相澤 一也; 川崎 卓郎; 山崎 倫昭*
Acta Materialia, 255, p.119029_1 - 119029_12, 2023/08
被引用回数：44 パーセンタイル：97.16(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)An as-cast sample and two hot-extruded samples with different extrusion ratios (R) of Mg
Zn
Y
alloy containing the HCP matrix (Mg) and the long-period stacking ordered phase (LPSO) of about 25-vol%, were used in tensile deformation in situ neutron diffraction experiments, to elucidate the effects of uniquely different microstructural evolutions in Mg and LPSO with varying the R value to the mechanical properties. Mg behaved as the soft phase and LPSO as the hard phase, and hot-extrusion improved the strength of both. At the R value of 5.0, a bimodal microstructure was created in Mg, increasing largely the yield strength of Mg. With increasing the R value to 12.5, the bimodal microstructure of Mg collapsed and the yield strength of Mg decreased. However, the strength of LPSO increased monotonously with increasing the R value due to the developments of kink bands and texture.
neutron diffractionGong, W.; Harjo, S.; 友田 陽*; 諸岡 聡; 川崎 卓郎; 柴田 曉伸*; 辻 伸泰*
Acta Materialia, 250, p.118860_1 - 118860_16, 2023/05
被引用回数：30 パーセンタイル：92.93(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Martensitic transformation is accompanied by the generation of microscale and macroscale internal stresses during cooling below the martensitic transformation start temperature. These internal stresses have been determined through X-ray or neutron diffraction, but the reported results are not consistent, probably because the measured lattice parameter is influenced not only by the internal stress but also by several factors, including solute elements and crystal defects. Therefore, neutron diffraction combined with dilatometry measurements during martensitic transformation and subsequent cyclic tempering were performed for an Fe-18Ni alloy. The phase strains calculated by lattice parameter variations show that a hydrostatic compressive strain in austenite and a tensile strain in martensite arose as the martensitic transformation progressed during continuous cooling or isothermal holding. However, the phase stresses of austenite and martensite estimated from these strains failed to hold stress balance law when dense crystal defects involved in the processes. After these crystal defects were removed by appropriate tempering, the stress balance law held well. Meanwhile, the phase stresses of austenite and martensite were changed to opposite, revealing their true identity. Various crystal defects in austenite and martensite, introduced by plastic accommodation, were suggested to affect their lattice parameters and then their phase stresses.
Kwon, H.*; 志賀 基之; 君塚 肇*; 小田 卓司*
Acta Materialia, 247, p.118739_1 - 118739_11, 2023/04
被引用回数：38 パーセンタイル：95.41(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)機械学習によるモーメントテンソルポテンシャルを用いた経路積分シミュレーションから、体心立方格子金属(Nb, Fe, W)中の希薄水素の拡散係数を密度汎関数理論レベルの精度で推定した。この計算結果は、精度が高いと考えられるいくつかの実験結果と大いに一致した。また、実験結果と矛盾なく同位体効果を再現した。
Kwon, H.*; Sathiyamoorthi, P.*; Gangaraju, M. K.*; Zargaran, A.*; Wang, J.*; Heo, Y.-U.*; Harjo, S.; Gong, W.; Lee, B.-J.*; Kim, H. S.*
Acta Materialia, 248, p.118810_1 - 118810_12, 2023/04
被引用回数：66 パーセンタイル：99.10(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Maraging steels, known for ultrahigh strength and good fracture toughness, derive their superior properties from lath martensite structure with high-density nanoprecipitates. In this work, we designed a novel Fe-based medium-entropy alloy with a chemical composition of FeCo
Ni
Mo
in atomic% by utilizing the characteristics of the maraging steels. By a single-step aging of only 10 min at 650 
C, the alloy showed microstructures consisting of a very high number density of (Fe, Co, Ni)
Mo
-type nanoprecipitates in lath martensite structure and reverted FCC phase, which led to ultrahigh yield strength higher than 2 GPa. This work demonstrates a novel direction to produce strong and ductile materials by expanding the horizons of material design with the aid of high-entropy concept and overcoming the limits of conventional materials.
