Roles of excess minority carrier recombination and chemisorbed O species at SiO/Si interfaces in Si dry oxidation; Comparison between p-Si(001) and n-Si(001) surfaces

津田 泰孝; 吉越 章隆; 小川 修一*; 坂本 徹哉*; 山本 善貴*; 山本 幸男*; 高桑 雄二*

Journal of Chemical Physics, 157(23), p.234705_1 - 234705_21, 2022/12

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0109558

This paper gives experimental evidence for that (1) the excess minority carrier recombination at the SiO/p-Si(001) and SiO/n-Si(001) interfaces is associated with the O dissociative adsorption, (2) the 700-eV X-ray induced enhancement of the SiO growth is not caused by the band flattening due to the surface photovoltaic effect but ascribed to the electron-hole pair creation due to core level photoexcitation for the spillover of the bulk Si electronic states to the SiO layer, (3) changes of band bending result from the excess minority carrier recombination at the oxidation-induced vacancy site when turning on and off the X-ray irradiation, and (4) a metastable chemisorbed O species (Pb1-paul) plays a decisive role in combining two kinds of the reaction loops of single- and double-step oxidation. Based on the experimental results, the unified Si oxidation reaction model mediated by point defect generation [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 59, SM0801 (2020)] is extended from a viewpoint of (a) the excess minority carrier recombination at the oxidation-induced vacancy site and (b) the trapping-mediated adsorption through the chemisorbed O species at the SiO/Si interface.

study of nuclear quantum effects on sub- and supercritical water

Thomsen, B.; 志賀 基之

Journal of Chemical Physics, 155(19), p.194107_1 - 194107_11, 2021/11

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0071857

The structures of water in the ambient, sub-, and supercritical conditions at various densities were studied systematically by path integral molecular dynamics simulations. It was found that the nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) have significant impact on the structure of hydrogen bonds in close contact, not only in the ambient condition but also in the sub-, and supercritical conditions. The NQEs on the structure beyond the hydrogen bond contact are important in ambient water, but not much for water in the sub-, and supercritical conditions. The NQEs are furthermore important for determining the number of hydrogen bonds in the ambient conditions, this role is however diminished in the sub- and supercritical conditions. The NQEs does nevertheless show their importance in determining the intramolecular structure of water and the close contact structures of the hydrogen bonds, even at sub- and supercritical conditions. Using the RPBE-D3 functional, the computed radial distribution functions for the ambient water are in excellent agreement with experimental data, upgrading our previous results using the BLYP-D2 functional [Machida, et al., J. Chem. Phys. 148, 102324 (2018)]. The computed radial distribution functions for water in the sub- and supercritical conditions were carefully compared with experiment. In particular, we found that the first peak in hydrogen pair distribution functions matches only when the NQEs are taken into account.

Nuclear quantum effects on autoionization of water isotopologs studied by path integral molecular dynamics

Thomsen, B.; 志賀 基之

Journal of Chemical Physics, 154(8), p.084117_1 - 084117_10, 2021/02

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040791

第一原理経路積分分子動力学シミュレーションにより、室温条件での水の同位体置換体の酸性度定数に対する核量子効果を計算した。この手法は、実験的に測定された液体DOの酸性度定数を再現するだけでなく、希少性のために不明な液体TOや、HDOおよびHTO水溶液の酸性度定数の理論的予測も可能にする。計算結果は、核量子効果が酸性度定数の絶対的評価において不可欠な役割を果たすことを示している。

Structure refinement of black phosphorus under high pressure

赤浜 裕一*; 宮川 仁*; 谷口 尚*; 佐野 亜沙美; 町田 真一*; 服部 高典

Journal of Chemical Physics, 153(1), p.014704_1 - 014704_5, 2020/07

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0012870

室温下で3.2GPaまでの圧力における黒リンの構造解析を粉末中性子回折によって行った。高圧下のリン原子の結合距離と結合角を精密に決め、これまでのX線単結晶解析の結果[Brown and Randqvist, Acta Cryst. 19, 684 (1965)]と一致することを確認した。結晶格子は異方的な圧縮を示すが、P1-P2およびP1-P3結合距離は圧力によらずほぼ一定であり、P3-P1-P2結合角のみ顕著に減少した。この結果から、Cartzら[J. Chem. Phys. 71, 1718 (1979)]により報告されている結合距離との顕著なずれは、解消された。我々の構造データは、高圧下における黒リンのDirac半金属状態を明らかにするに役立つ。

Changes in electronic structure of carbon supports for Pt catalysts induced by vacancy formation due to Ar irradiation

岡崎 宏之*; 垣谷 健太*; 木全 哲也*; 出崎 亮*; 越川 博*; 松村 大樹; 山本 春也*; 八巻 徹也*

Journal of Chemical Physics, 152(12), p.124708_1 - 124708_5, 2020/03

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5144568

X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements were performed for the C K-edge of Pt nanoparticles on Ar-irradiated carbon supports in order to elucidate the origin of improved catalyst performance after the introduction of vacancies into the carbon support. We observed a change in the electronic structure at the interface between the Pt nanoparticles and the carbon support after vacancy introduction, which is in good agreement with theoretical results. The results indicated that vacancy introduction resulted in a drastic change in the Pt-C interactions, which likely affected the d-band center of the Pt nanoparticles and led to the enhancement of the oxygen reduction reaction in catalysts.

Neutron scattering studies on short- and long-range layer structures and related dynamics in imidazolium-based ionic liquids

根本 文也*; 古府 麻衣子; 長尾 道弘*; 大石 一城*; 高田 慎一; 鈴木 淳市*; 山田 武*; 柴田 薫; 上木 岳士*; 北沢 侑造*; et al.

Journal of Chemical Physics, 149(5), p.054502_1 - 054502_11, 2018/08

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5037217

Alkyl-methyl-imidazolium ionic liquids CmimX (: alkyl-carbon number, X: anion) have short-range layer structures consisting of ionic and neutral (alkylchain) domains. To investigate the temperature dependences of the interlayer, interionic group, and inter-alkylchain correlations, we have measured the neutron diffraction (ND) of CmimPF ( = 16, 9.5, 8). The quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) of C16mimPF was also measured to study the dynamics of each correlation. C16mimPF shows a first-order transition between the liquid (L) and liquid crystalline (LC) phases at = 394 K. C8mimPF exhibits a glass transition at = 200 K. C9.5mimPF has both transitions at = 225 K and = 203 K. In the ND experiments, all samples exhibit three peaks corresponding to the correlations mentioned above. The widths of the interlayer peak at ca. 0.2 changed drastically at the L-LC transitions, while the interionic peaks at ca. 1 exhibited a small jump at . The peak position and area of the three peaks did not change much at the transition. The structural changes were minimal at . The QENS experiments demonstrated that the relaxation time of the interlayer motion increased tenfold at , while those of other motions were monotonous in the whole temperature region. The structural and dynamical changes are characteristic of the L-LC transition in imidazolium-based ionic liquids.

Behavior of intermolecular interactions in -glycine under high pressure

篠崎 彩子*; 小松 一生*; 鍵 裕之*; 藤本 千賀子*; 町田 真一*; 佐野 亜沙美; 服部 高典

Journal of Chemical Physics, 148(4), p.044507_1 - 044507_8, 2017/01

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5009980

重水素化-グリシンの結晶構造における圧力応答を、粉末および単結晶X線回折および高圧下での粉末中性子回折測定を用いて、室温で調べた。8.7GPaまでの相変化は観察されなかったが、格子圧縮率の異方性が見出された。中性子回折測定は、6.4GPaまでの圧縮で、軸に沿った分子間DO結合の距離が増大することを示した。軸に沿った他のDO結合の距離は圧力が増加するにつれて減少し、3GPa以上では最短の分子間水素結合となった。対照的に、軸に沿った-グリシン分子層間に形成された分岐したN-DOおよびC-DO水素結合の長さは、圧力が増加するにつれて著しく減少した。分子間距離の減少は、他の2つの軸と比較して、軸の最大圧縮率をもたらした。Hirshfeld分析は、強固なN-DO水素結合の収縮というよりも空隙領域の縮小で圧縮が起こることを示唆した

The Structure of molten CuCl; Reverse Monte Carlo modeling with high-energy X-ray diffraction data and molecular dynamics of a polarizable ion model

Alcaraz, O.*; Trulls, J.*; 田原 周太*; 川北 至信; 武田 信一*

Journal of Chemical Physics, 145(9), p.094503_1 - 094503_7, 2016/09

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4962181

The results of the structural properties of molten copper chloride are reported from high-energy X-ray diffraction measurements, reverse Monte Carlo modeling method, and molecular dynamics simulations using a polarizable ion model. The simulated X-ray structure factor reproduces all trends observed experimentally, in particular the shoulder at around 1 related to intermediate range ordering, as well as the partial copper-copper correlations from the reverse Monte Carlo modeling, which cannot be reproduced by using a simple rigid ion model. It is shown that the shoulder comes from intermediate range copper-copper correlations caused by the polarized chlorides.

A Hybrid framework of first principles molecular orbital calculations and a three-dimensional integral equation theory for molecular liquids; Multi-center molecular Ornstein-Zernike self-consistent field approach

城戸 健太朗; 笠原 健人*; 横川 大輔*; 佐藤 啓文*

Journal of Chemical Physics, 143(1), p.014103_1 - 014103_9, 2015/07

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4923007

In this study, we reported the development of a new quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM)-type framework to describe chemical processes in solution by combining standard molecular-orbital calculations with a three-dimensional formalism of integral equation theory for molecular liquids (MC-MOZ method). The theoretical procedure is very similar to the 3D-RISM-SCF approach. Since the MC-MOZ method is highly parallelized for computation, the present approach has the potential to be one of the most efficient procedures to treat chemical processes in solution. Benchmark tests to check the validity of this approach were performed for two solute (solute water and formaldehyde) systems and a simple S2 reaction (Cl + CHCl ClCH + Cl) in aqueous solution. The results for solute molecular properties and solvation structures obtained by the present approach were in reasonable agreement with those obtained by other hybrid frameworks and experiments. In particular, the results of the proposed approach are in excellent agreements with those of 3D-RISM-SCF.

Nitrogen K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure of pyrimidine-containing nucleotides in aqueous solution

島田 紘行*; 南 寛威*; 奥泉 直人*; 佐久間 一郎*; 鵜飼 正敏*; 藤井 健太郎; 横谷 明徳; 福田 義博*; 斎藤 祐児

Journal of Chemical Physics, 142(17), p.175102_1 - 175102_9, 2015/05

AA2015-0073.pdf:1.15MB

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4919744

X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) was measured at energies around the N K-edge of the pyrimidine-containing nucleotides cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP), 2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate (dTMP), and uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP) in aqueous solutions and in dried films under various pH conditions. The features of resonant excitations below the N K-edge in the XANES spectra for CMP, dTMP, and UMP changed depending on the pH of the solutions. The spectral change thus observed is systematically explained by the chemical shift of the core-levels of N atoms in the nucleobase moieties caused by structural changes due to protonation or deprotonation at different proton concentrations. This interpretation is supported by the results of theoretical calculations using density functional theory for the corresponding nucleobases in the neutral and protonated or deprotonated forms.