Experimental investigation of phase transformations in steel using X-ray and neutron diffraction

友田 陽*; Harjo, S.; 徐 平光; 諸岡 聡; Gong, W.; Wang, Y.*

Metals, 15(6), p.610_1 - 610_19, 2025/05

https://doi.org/10.3390/met15060610

Lattice parameters of product and matrix phases in steels have been measured using in situ X-ray and neutron diffraction during forward and reverse transformations. These parameters are influenced by temperature, transformation-induced internal stresses, alloying element partitioning, crystal defects, and magnetic strains. Disentangling these contributions is essential for understanding lattice behavior. This review explores internal strain (stress) associated with ferrite, pearlite, bainite, martensite, and reverse austenite transformations, emphasizing the distinction between diffusional and displacive mechanisms. It also examines how plastic deformation of austenite affects subsequent bainite or martensite formation. The roles of dislocations and vacancies are identified as critical areas for further research.

Mechanical stability of retained austenite and texture evolution in additively manufactured stainless steel

Chae, H.*; Huang, E.-W.*; Jain, J.*; Lee, D.-H.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Lee, S. Y.*

Metals and Materials International, 30(5), p.1321 - 1330, 2024/05

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-023-01575-8

In situ neutron diffraction during tensile deformation was performed for the stainless steels prepared by the additive manufacturing (AM) processes with two strategies: vertically built and horizontally built. The AM steels were further aged without solid solution treatment. As the results, the retained austenite was found to be more stable because the chemical composition became homogeneous by aging, and the onset of deformation induced martensitic transformation was delayed.

Enhancement of uniform elongation by temperature change during tensile deformation in a 0.2C TRIP steel

土田 紀之*; Harjo, S.

Metals, 11(12), p.2053_1 - 2053_16, 2021/12

AA2022-0310.pdf:1.71MB

https://doi.org/10.3390/met11122053

To improve uniform elongation (U.El) due to the TRIP effect, it is important to control deformation-induced martensitic transformation (DIMT) until the late part of deformation. In the present study, tensile tests with decreasing deformation temperatures were conducted to achieve continuous DIMT up to the late part of deformation. As a result, the U.El was improved by approximately 1.5 times compared with that in the tensile test conducted at 296 K. The enhancement of the U.El in the temperature change test was discussed with the use of neutron diffraction experiments.

Effect of the difference in strength of hard and soft components on the synergetic strengthening of layered materials

Kim, J. G.*; Bae, J. W.*; Park, J. M.*; Woo, W.*; Harjo, S.; Lee, S.*; Kim, H. S.*

Metals and Materials International, 27(2), p.376 - 383, 2021/02

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00657-1

Heterogeneous structured materials achieve a combination of high strength and extreme ductility due to synergetic strengthening driven by conditions in the interfacial region. Although the origin of synergetic strengthening has been revealed to be strain incompatibility in the interfacial region, the effect of the strength difference between hard and soft phases on strengthening has not been investigated well. In the work reported in the present paper, the effect of the difference in strength of the hard and soft phases on synergetic strengthening was investigated by conducting in situ neutron diffraction tensile tests. As a result, it was determined that the dislocation density in a layered sheet of high Mn (HMn) steel/interstitial free (IF) steel is higher than that in a layered sheet of HMn/low carbon steel. The big difference in mechanical properties between HMn steel and IF steel induces a high stress gradient and results in additional dislocations.

The Effect of air fraction in steam on the embrittlement of Zry-4 fuel cladding oxidized at 1273-1573 K

Negyesi, M.; 天谷 政樹

Oxidation of Metals, 92(5-6), p.439 - 455, 2019/12

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-019-09939-5

The paper deals with the effect of air fraction in steam on the embrittlement of Zry-4 fuel cladding exposed under steam-air atmospheres (air fractions of 10-100%) in the temperature range of 1273-1573 K. Ring compression tests were carried out in order to evaluate the embrittlement of fuel cladding. Furthermore, the microhardness of prior -phase was measured and fractured surfaces were observed under SEM. The degree of the embrittlement was discussed against the results of metallographic and hydrogen analyses. The microstructure and the hydrogen pick-up were substantially affected by nitride formation. Accelerated oxidation kinetics enhanced shrinking of the prior -region. The enhanced hydrogen absorption resulted in the increased microhardness of prior -phase. The degree of fuel cladding embrittlement, expressed by the plastic strain at failure and the maximum load, correlated well with the microhardness and the thickness of prior -phase.

Feasibility study on application of synchrotron radiation CT imaging to alloy steel for non-destructive inspection of inclusions

島村 佳伸*; 松下 真也*; 藤井 朋之*; 東郷 敬一郎*; 秋田 貢一*; 菖蒲 敬久; 城 鮎美*

Metals, 9(5), p.527_1 - 527_9, 2019/05

https://doi.org/10.3390/met9050527

In order to examine the feasibility of applying synchrotron radiation CT imaging to alloy steels for non-destructive inspection of inclusions for potential origins of internal fatigue damage in the very high cycle region, synchrotron radiation CT imaging was utilized for repeated non-destructive observation of Cr-Mo steel. An ultrasonic fatigue testing machine was used in aid of the repeated observation. As a result, it was found that the synchrotron radiation CT imaging with 70 keV was useful for non-destructive observation of inclusions of more than 10 m, one of which may be an internal fatigue origin. No identifiable damage was observed around every inclusion, and in the base metal, at least up to 70% of fatigue life was observed in the imaging volume.

Flow-accelerated corrosion of type 316L stainless steel caused by turbulent lead-bismuth eutectic flow

Wan, T.; 斎藤 滋

Metals, 8(8), p.627_1 - 627_22, 2018/08

https://doi.org/10.3390/met8080627

In this study, an LBE loop referred to as JLBL-1 was used to experimentally study the behavior of 316L SS when subjected to FAC for 3000 h under non-isothermal conditions. An orifice tube specimen, consisting of a straight tube that abruptly narrows and widens at each end, was installed in the loop. The specimen temperature was 450 centigrade, and a temperature difference between the hottest and coldest legs of the loop was 100 centigrade. The oxygen concentration in the LBE was less than 10 wt.%. The Reynolds number in the test specimen was approximately 5.310. The effects of various hydrodynamic parameters on FAC behavior were studied with the assistance of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses, and then a mass transfer study was performed by integrating a corrosion model into the CFD analyses. The results show that the local turbulence level affects the mass concentration distribution in the near-wall region and therefore the mass transfer coefficient across the solid/liquid interface. The corrosion depth was predicted on the basis of the mass transfer coefficient obtained in the numerical simulation and was compared with that obtained in the loop; the two results agreed well.

Hydrostatic compression behavior and high-pressure stabilized -phase in -based titanium aluminide intermetallics

Liss, K.-D.*; 舟越 賢一*; Dippenaar, R. J.*; 肥後 祐司*; 城 鮎美*; Reid, M.*; 鈴木 裕士; 菖蒲 敬久; 秋田 貢一

Metals, 6(7), p.165_1 - 165_22, 2016/07

https://doi.org/10.3390/met6070165

Ti-Al合金は、航空機エンジン材料として、軽量・耐熱タービンへの応用が期待されているが、塑性加工性の悪さを克服する必要がある。高圧鍛造プレスにおいては、10GPaの範囲で材料加工を可能にするが、それゆえに、極限環境における候補材料の状態図を評価する必要がある。本研究では、(+)二相合金の一つであるTi-45Al-7.5Nb-0.25Cに対し、9.6GPaまでの圧力範囲、また1686Kまでの温度範囲で放射光X線回折によるその場実験を行った。室温では、圧力に対する体積変化は、両相に観察される明らかに高い体積弾性係数から、体積ひずみというよりはむしろ、相変態の影響と考えられる。結晶学的には、特に格子ひずみと原子配列について詳しく検討した。原子体積の増加にもかかわらず、この相変態を生じるのは興味深い。これは、の高い規則化エネルギーによるものである。高圧下において加熱すると、共析とソルバス遷移温度が上昇し、第三相の立方晶相が1350K以上で安定する。過去の研究において、相は塑性変形において高い延性があり、従来の鍛造過程において重要なものであることが明らかにされている。本研究では、作動環境下において有害とされる相の存在は確認されなかったが、従来の鍛造過程における理想的な加工条件幅を明らかにした。これらの結果より、新しい加工処理方法を提案することができた。

Spin nanotubes with the ring exchange interactions

坂井 徹; 笠原 稔弘*; 肘井 敬吾*; 太田 仁*; 中野 博生*

Synthetic Metals, 208, p.26 - 28, 2015/10

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2015.04.021

リング交換相互作用をもつS=1/23本鎖スピンナノチューブについて有限サイズ系の数値対角化により研究した。以前の研究により、リング交換相互作用のない場合には、自発的なダイマー化が起きて、スピンギャップが開くことが判明している。本研究により、リング交換相互作用が増加すると、ある臨界点で量子相転移が起こり、異なるパターンのダイマー化による新しいスピンギャップ相が生じることが判明した。

High spin polarization at the Fe/C interface in the Fe-doped C film

境 誠司; 松本 吉弘; 大伴 真名歩; 圓谷 志郎; Avramov, P.; Sorokin, P. B.*; 楢本 洋*

Synthetic Metals, 173, p.22 - 25, 2013/06

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.10.027

A process of tunneling conduction and the spin-dependent resistivity change (so-called tunneling magnetoresitance effect) in the Fe-doped C film with a granular structure is investigated for the current-into-plane device. Cooperative tunneling (cotunneling) through several Fe nanoparticles is suggested to be operative at temperatures lower than 20 K. By considering the effect of cotunneling on the magnetoresistance ratio, it is successfully shown that the spin polarization of tunneling electrons generated at the Fe/C interface is much higher than that in Fe crystal at low temperature in a similar fashion to that at the Co/C interface in the Co-doped C films. A strong temperature dependence of spin polarization is observed, suggesting possible influences by the thermally-induced disorders ascribed in the Fe atoms bonded with C in the C-Fe compound.