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JAEA Reports

A Guide to introducing burnup credit, preliminary version (English translation)

Okuno, Hiroshi; Suyama, Kenya; Ryufuku, Susumu*

JAEA-Review 2017-010, 93 Pages, 2017/06

JAEA-Review-2017-010.pdf:2.47MB

There is an ongoing discussion on the application of burnup credit to the criticality safety controls of facilities that treat spent fuels. With regard to such application of burnup credit in Japan, this document summarizes the current technical status of the prediction of the isotopic composition and criticality of spent fuels, as well as safety evaluation concerns and the current status of legal affairs. This report is an English translation of A Guide to Introducing Burnup Credit, Preliminary Version, originally published in Japanese as JAERI-Tech 2001-055 by the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facility Safety Research Committee.

JAEA Reports

Criticality safety evaluation for the direct disposal of used nuclear fuel; preparation of data for burnup credit evaluation (Contract research)

Yamamoto, Kento*; Akie, Hiroshi; Suyama, Kenya; Hosoyamada, Ryuji*

JAEA-Technology 2015-019, 110 Pages, 2015/10

JAEA-Technology-2015-019.pdf:3.67MB

In the direct disposal of used nuclear fuel (UNF), criticality safety evaluation is one of the important issues since UNF contains some amount of fissile material. The recent development of higher-enrichment fuel has enhanced the benefit of the application of Burnup Credit. In the present study, the effects of the several parameters on the reactivity of disposal canister model were evaluated for used PWR fuel. The parameters are relevant to the uncertainties of depletion calculation code, irradiation history, and axial and horizontal burnup distribution, which are known to be important effect in the criticality safety evaluation adopting burnup credit. The latest data or methodology was adopted in this evaluation, based on the various latest studies. The appropriate margin of neutron multiplication factor in the criticality safety evaluation for UNF can be determined by adopting the methodology described in the present study.

Journal Articles

Nuclear criticality safety standard for a fuel reprocessing plant assuming burnup credit published by the Atomic Energy Society of Japan

Nakajima, Ken*; Itahara, Kuniyuki*; Okuno, Hiroshi

Proceedings of International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety (ICNC 2015) (DVD-ROM), p.496 - 502, 2015/09

An outline of the standard "Procedures for Applying Burnup Credit to Criticality Safety Control of a Reprocessing Facility: 2014" (AESJ-SC-F025: 2014) published in April 2015 by the Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ) is presented. The AESJ published more than 60 Standards. However, many of them were in the field of nuclear power reactors or radioactive wastes. Ten years ago the AESJ published "Basic Items of Criticality Safety Control: 2004" (AESJ-SC-F004:2004), which prescribed basic ideas, requirements and methods on nuclear criticality safety controls of facilities handling with nuclear fuel materials in general for preventing a nuclear criticality accident. However, it did not include any specific procedures for adopting burnup credit. Therefore, a new standard was envisaged as the first Standard for fuel reprocessing plants, which clarified the specific procedures to apply burnup credit to designers, operators, maintenance persons and administrators.

Journal Articles

Classification of criticality calculations with correlation coefficient method and its application to OECD/NEA burnup credit benchmarks phase III-A and II-A

Okuno, Hiroshi

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 40(7), p.544 - 551, 2003/07

https://doi.org/10.3327/jnst.40.544

Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)

A method for classifying benchmark results of criticality calculations according to similarity was proposed in this paper. After formulation of the method utilizing correlation coefficients, it was applied to burnup credit criticality benchmarks Phase III-A and II-A, which were conducted by the Expert Group on Burnup Credit Criticality Safety under auspices of the OECD/NEA. Phase III-A benchmark was a series of criticality calculations for irradiated BWR fuel assemblies, whereas Phase II-A benchmark was a suite of criticality calculations for irradiated PWR fuel pins. These benchmark problems and their results were summarized. The correlation coefficients were calculated and sets of benchmark results were classified according to the criterion that the correlation coefficients were no less than 0.15 for Phase III-A and 0.10 for Phase II-A benchmarks. When a couple of results were in a same group, one result was found predictable from the other. An example was shown for each of the Benchmarks. The evaluated nuclear data seemed the main factor of errors.

Journal Articles

Development of fission source acceleration method for slow convergence in criticality analyses by using matrix eigenvector applicable to spent fuel transport cask with axial burnup profile

Kuroishi, Takeshi; Nomura, Yasushi

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 40(6), p.433 - 440, 2003/06

https://doi.org/10.3327/jnst.40.433

Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：19.1(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Effective source acceleration method is studied in criticality safety analysis for realistic spent fuel transport cask. Various axial burnup profiles based on in-core flux measurements are proposed in the OECD/NEA/BUC benchmark Phase II-C. In some cases, calculations by ordinary Monte Carlo method show very slow convergence of fission source distribution, and unacceptably large skipped cycles are needed. The matrix eigenvector calculation that has been developed and incorporated in the ordinary Monte Carlo calculation to improve the slow convergence is applied to the benchmark. The efficiency of this method depends on the precision of matrix elements. In a certain stage of insufficient convergence of fission source distribution, especially for this benchmark of very slow convergence, more acceleration procedure causes anomalous results because of large statistical fluctuations of matrix elements corresponding to low source levels. Therefore, we propose effective source acceleration method with less calculation time than increasing histories for the estimation of matrix elements.

JAEA Reports

Extended calculations of OECD/NEA phase II-C burnup credit criticality benchmark problem for PWR spent fuel transport cask by using MCNP-4B2 code and JENDL-3.2 library

Kuroishi, Takeshi; Hoang, A.; Nomura, Yasushi; Okuno, Hiroshi

JAERI-Tech 2003-021, 60 Pages, 2003/03

JAERI-Tech-2003-021.pdf:4.56MB

The reactivity effect of the asymmetry of axial burnup profile is studied for PWR spent fuel transport cask proposed in OECD/NEA Phase II-C benchmark. The axial burnup profiles are based on in-core flux measurements. Criticality calculations are performed with the continuous energy Monte Carlo code MCNP-4B2 and the nuclear data library JENDL-3.2. Calculations are carried out not only for cases in the benchmark but also for symmetric burnup cases. Both actinide-only approach and actinide plus fission product approach is considered. The end effect is more sensitive to higher burnup asymmetry. The axial fission distribution becomes strongly asymmetric as its peak shifts toward the fuel top end. The peak of fission distribution gets higher with the increase of either the burnup asymmetry or the assembly-averaged burnup. The conservatism of uniform axial burnup assumption for the actinide-only approach is estimated quantitatively in comparison with the keff result calculated with experiment-based strongest asymmetric axial burnup profile for the actinide plus fission product approach.

Journal Articles

Burnup importance function introduced to give an insight into the end effect

Okuno, Hiroshi; Sakai, Tomohiro*

Nuclear Technology, 140(3), p.255 - 265, 2002/12

https://doi.org/10.13182/NT02-A3337

Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In order to facilitate discussions based on quantitative analysis about the end effect, which is often talked about in connection to burnup credit in criticality safety evaluation of spent fuel, we introduced in this paper a burnup importance function. This function shows the burnup effect on the reactivity as a function of the fuel position; an explicit expression of this function was derived according to the perturbation theory. The burnup importance function was applied to the Phase IIA benchmark model that was adopted by the OECD/NEA Expert Group on Burnup Credit Criticality Safety. The function clearly displayed that burnup importance of the end regions increases (1) as burnup, (2) as cooling time, (3) in consideration of burnup profile, and (4) in consideration of fission products.

Journal Articles

Burnup importance function and its application to OECD/NEA/BUC phase II-A and II-C models

Okuno, Hiroshi; Tonoike, Kotaro; Sakai, Tomohiro*

Proceedings of International Conference on the New Frontiers of Nuclear Technology; Reactor Physics, Safety and High-Performance Computing (PHYSOR 2002) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2002/10

As the burnup proceeds, reactivity of fuel assemblies for light water reactors decreases by depletion of fissile nuclides, especially in the axially central region. In order to describe the importance of the end regions to the reactivity change, a burnup importance function was introduced as a weighting function to a local burnup variation contributed to a reactivity decrease. The function was applied to the OECD/NEA/BUC Phase II-A model and a simplified Phase II-C model. The application to Phase II-A model clearly showed that burnup importance of the end regions increases as burnup and/or cooling time increases. Comparison of the burnup importance function for different initial enrichments was examined. The application result to the simplified Phase II-C model showed that the burnup importance function was helpful to find the most reactive fuel burnup distribution under the conditions that the average fuel burnup was kept constant and the variations in the fuel burnup were within the maximum and minimum measured values.

JAEA Reports

OECD/NEA burnup credit criticality benchmarks phase IIIB; Burnup calculations of BWR fuel assemblies for storage and transport

Okuno, Hiroshi; Naito, Yoshitaka*; Suyama, Kenya

JAERI-Research 2002-001, 181 Pages, 2002/02

JAERI-Research-2002-001.pdf:10.89MB

The report describes the final results of the Phase IIIB Benchmark conducted by the Expert Group on Burnup Credit Criticality Safety under the auspices of the OECD/NEA. The Benchmark was intended to compare the predictability of current computer code and data library combinations for the atomic number densities of an irradiated BWR fuel assembly model, which was irradiated under specific power of 25.6 MW/tHM up to 40 GWd/tHM and cooled for five years. The void fraction was assumed to be uniform and constant, at 0, 40 and 70%, during burnup. In total, 16 results were submitted from 13 institutes of 7 countries. The calculated densities of 12 actinides and 20 fission product nuclides were found mostly within a range of +- 10% relative to the average, although some results, esp. 155Eu and gadolinium isotopes, exceeded the band. Pin-wise burnup results agreed well among the participants. The results in the multiplication factor also accorded well with each other for void fractions of 0 and 40%; however some results deviated from the average noticeably for the void fraction of 70%.

Journal Articles

Activities for revising Nuclear Criticality Safety Handbook

Okuno, Hiroshi; Nomura, Yasushi

Proceedings of the 2001 Topical Meeting on Practical Implementation of Nuclear Criticality Safety (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2001/11

The nuclear criticality safety handbook of Japan was first published in 1988, which was translated into English in 1995. This paper intends to introduce the American community of nuclear criticality safety to activities for revising the Japanese handbook, putting an emphasis on practical use of code validation. They include (1) publication of "Nuclear Criticality Safety Handbook, Version 2" and its English translation, (2) publication of "A Guide Introducing Burnup Credit, Preliminary Version," and (3) preparation of "Nuclear Criticality Safety Handbook, -Data Collection-, Version 2."

JAEA Reports