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Goto, Akira; Murakami, Masaki*; Sakai, Ryutaro*; Terusawa, Shuji*; Sueoka, Shigeru
JAEA-Review 2020-003, 60 Pages, 2020/03
One of the natural phenomena that may affect the geological disposal system are earthquake and fault activity. Fault displacement due to the earthquake and fault activity will be considered the direct effects. In addition to it, it is necessary to consider the secondary effects include secondary faults formed by the seismic fault activity as well as spring water and mud volcanoes that are generated by fluid movement attributed to the fault activity. This paper introduces previous studies performed focused on the hydraulic effects (spring water and mud volcanoes) and mechanical effects (secondary faults) in order to understand the effects of these secondary phenomena on the geological disposal system. We were able to collect 142 literatures from Japan and overseas by searching for related keywords in Japanese and English. As a result, we compiled case studies of each secondary impact. From the viewpoint of geological disposal, we extracted the following issues for future research and development. As for the sump water induced by earthquakes and faulting, accumulation of information related to its mechanism, affected area, and activity history is required. As for the mud volcanoes, reviewing of the mechanism of anomalous pore water pressure that causing the formation, also development of estimation technique are required. And for the secondary faults, accumulation of the detailed spatial distribution and reviewing of formation mechanism are required.
Takai, Shizuka; Takeda, Seiji; Sakai, Ryutaro*; Shimada, Taro; Munakata, Masahiro; Tanaka, Tadao
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai Wabun Rombunshi, 16(1), p.34 - 48, 2017/03
In geological disposal, direct effect on geological repositories by active faults is avoided at a stage of site characterization; however, uncertainty remains for avoidance of faults derived from the active faults, which are concealed deep under the ground and difficult to detect in advance. In this research, the influence of growth of undetected splay faults on natural barrier in a geological disposal system, which will caused by attack of the faults in the future, was evaluated. We investigated examples of splay faults in Japan and set conditions for growth of splay faults. Furthermore, we assumed a disposal site composed of sedimentary rocks and made a hydrogeological model of growth of splay faults. We carried out groundwater flow analyses, changing parameters such as location and depth of repository and growth velocity of splay faults. The results indicate that main flow path from the repository is changed into upward flow along the splay fault due to its growth and the average velocity to the ground surface becomes one or two orders of magnitude higher than that before its growth. The results also suggest that the splay fault growth leads into the possibility of downward flow of oxidizing groundwater from ground surface area.
Shimada, Taro; Takeda, Seiji; Sakai, Ryutaro*; Takubo, Kazuya; Tanaka, Tadao
MRS Advances (Internet), 1(61), p.4081 - 4086, 2016/00
Volcanic eruption which may affect geological disposal system directly depends on the regional location in Japan. It is required that the disposal site should be located far from existing volcanos. However, there are regions where it is impossible to exclude the possibility of appearance of new volcanic activity on the site even if the site is located far from existing volcanos. In order to identify the influence of volcanic eruption at disposal site to public if it occurs public exposure doses were evaluated based on the two scenarios considering types of eruption at new volcanic activity in Japan. One is the exposure by tephra widespread by Strombolian eruption and deposited on the ground surface, including radionuclides from vitrified waste forms after a volcanic conduit penetrated disposal galleries. The other is that by waste forms appeared at the surface by Merapi type pyroclastic flow. Exposure doses of the residents living on the tephra do not exceed 1mSv/y even when the eruption occurs at 1,000 years after closure of disposal site. Dose rate for the volcanic researchers temporarily approaching waste forms becomes less than 1mSv/h when the eruption occurs 100,000 years after. It indicated that attention should be paid to the impact by Merapi type pyroclastic flow on researchers approaching waste forms appeared rather than that by Strombolian eruption on residents living on the tephra widespread.
Huang, M.*; Haba, Hiromitsu*; Murakami, Masashi*; Asai, Masato; Kaji, Daiya*; Kanaya, Jumpei*; Kasamatsu, Yoshitaka*; Kikunaga, Hidetoshi*; Kikutani, Yuki*; Komori, Yukiko*; et al.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 304(2), p.845 - 849, 2015/05
Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:25.64(Chemistry, Analytical)A technique to utilize radioisotopes of Nb and Ta was developed for chemical studies of element 105, Db, by coupling a gas-jet transport system to the RIKEN gas-filled recoil ion separator (GARIS). The short-lived Nb and Ta were produced with nuclear reactions using a F beam whose energy was the same as that to produce Db. Then, they were separated with GARIS and extracted to a chemistry laboratory with the gas-jet transport system. By changing only magnetic field of GARIS and inserting an energy degrader and a shutter for recoil ions, we could deliver the Nb and Ta to a chemistry device for Db without changing other experimental conditions.
Haba, Hiromitsu*; Huang, M.*; Kaji, Daiya*; Kanaya, Jumpei*; Kudo, Yuki*; Morimoto, Koji*; Morita, Kosuke*; Murakami, Masashi*; Ozeki, Kazutaka*; Sakai, Ryutaro*; et al.
Physical Review C, 89(2), p.024618_1 - 024618_11, 2014/02
Times Cited Count:25 Percentile:82.19(Physics, Nuclear)Murakami, Masashi*; Goto, Shinichi*; Murayama, Hirofumi*; Kojima, Takayuki*; Kudo, Hisaaki*; Kaji, Daiya*; Morimoto, Koji*; Haba, Hiromitsu*; Kudo, Yuki*; Sumita, Takayuki*; et al.
Physical Review C, 88(2), p.024618_1 - 024618_8, 2013/08
Times Cited Count:16 Percentile:69.99(Physics, Nuclear)Production cross sections of Rf isotopes in the Cm + O reaction were measured at the beam energy range of 88.2 to 101.3 MeV by use of a gas-filled recoil ion separator. The excitation functions of Rf, Rf, and Rf were obtained together with those of spontaneously fissioning nuclides which have few-second half-lives and have been assigned to Rf and a longer-lived state of Rf. The excitation function of few-second spontaneously fissioning nuclide exhibited the maximum cross section at the O beam energy of 94.8 MeV. The shape of the excitation function was almost the same as that of Rf, whereas it was quite different from those of Rf and Rf. A few-second spontaneously fissioning nuclide previously reported as Rf and Rf observed inCm + O reaction was identified as Rf.
Sakai, Ryutaro; Takeda, Seiji; Munakata, Masahiro; Kimura, Hideo
JAEA-Research 2013-006, 18 Pages, 2013/07
In the safety assessment for a geological disposal of radioactive waste, it is important to establish validation methods for deep groundwater flow to estimate radionuclide migration to human environment through groundwater flow. Costal sedimentary rocks in our country provide dominant fossil water formed during sub-seabed sedimentation and chemical compositions of the water mixed with meteoric water and fossil water depend on the initial fossil water composition and groundwater flow conditions. Analytical study on the effects of groundwater flow on the mixed water quality as a indicator of its Cl/O ratios was carried out in case of Horonobe district, where geochemical data is now being stored.
Morita, Kosuke*; Morimoto, Koji*; Kaji, Daiya*; Haba, Hiromitsu*; Ozeki, Kazutaka*; Kudo, Yuki*; Sumita, Takayuki*; Wakabayashi, Yasuo*; Yoneda, Akira*; Tanaka, Kengo*; et al.
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 81(10), p.103201_1 - 103201_4, 2012/10
Times Cited Count:167 Percentile:97.31(Physics, Multidisciplinary)An isotope of the 113th element, 113, was produced in a nuclear reaction with a Zn beam on a Bi target. We observed six consecutive decays following the implantation of a heavy particle in nearly the same position in the semiconductor detector, in extremely low background condition. The fifth and sixth decays are fully consistent with the sequential decays of Db and Lr both in decay energies and decay times. This indicates that the present decay chain consisted of 113, Rg (Z = 111), Mt (Z = 109), Bh (Z = 107), Db (Z = 105), and Lr (Z = 103) with firm connections. This result, together with previously reported results from 2004 and 2007, conclusively leads the unambiguous production and identification of the isotope 113, of the 113th element.
Sakai, Ryutaro; Munakata, Masahiro; Kimura, Hideo
JAEA-Research 2011-054, 19 Pages, 2012/03
In the safety assessment for a geological disposal of radioactive waste, it is important to establish validation methods for deep groundwater flow system to estimate radionuclide migration to human environment through groundwater flow. This study discussed the method which estimates groundwater mixing condition and groundwater flow process using principal component analysis (PCA) to groundwater chemistry and isotopic compositions, together with data of groundwater age and trace element in case of Horonobe area. The results show that hydrochemical system can be divided into two systems: (1) three deep groundwater mixing system at depths greater than 200 to 400 m, (2) mixing area of deep groundwater and surface water at depths less than 200 to 400 m. Groundwater in the deep aquifer is suggested to be discharged at surface through Omagari Fault.
Haba, Hiromitsu*; Kaji, Daiya*; Kudo, Yuki*; Morimoto, Koji*; Morita, Kosuke*; Ozeki, Kazutaka*; Sakai, Ryutaro*; Sumita, Takayuki*; Yoneda, Akira*; Kasamatsu, Yoshitaka*; et al.
Physical Review C, 85(2), p.024611_1 - 024611_11, 2012/02
Times Cited Count:53 Percentile:91.21(Physics, Nuclear)Two isomeric states in Sg, i.e, Sg and Sg were produced in the Cm(Ne,5) reaction. Decay properties of Sg were investigated with a rotating-wheel apparatus for and spontaneous fission (SF) spectrometry under low background condition attained by a gas-jet transport system coupled to the RIKEN gas-filled recoil ion separator. Based on genetically correlated - (-) and -SF decay chains, 18 and 24 events were assigned to Sg and Sg, respectively. The half-life and -particle energy of Sg were measured to be s and MeV, respectively, and those of Sg were s and MeV.
Sakai, Ryutaro; Munakata, Masahiro; Kimura, Hideo; Ooka, Masao*; Seguchi, Mariko*
JAEA-Research 2011-029, 24 Pages, 2011/11
In the safety assessment for a geological disposal of radioactive waste, it is important to establish validation methods for regional groundwater flow system to estimate radionuclide migration to human environment through groundwater flow. It is necessary to validate the groundwater flow property and flow boundary, as multi-groundwater systems including the different groundwater origins are possible to exist at deep underground. This results show that mixing analysis based on hydrochemical data and spatial plotting with hydrochemical data and thermal data are applicable to validate groundwater flow pattern and groundwater flow boundary in case of Horonobe area. It also demonstrates that mixing analysis based on hydrochemical data and spatial plotting with hydrological and hydrochemical data are applicable to validate the groundwater flow property and groundwater flow boundary in case of Nagaoka area.
Sakai, Ryutaro; Takeda, Seiji; Kimura, Hideo; Matsuba, Hisashi*
JAEA-Data/Code 2011-005, 107 Pages, 2011/06
In the safety assessment for a geological disposal of radioactive waste such as high-level radioactive waste, it is necessary to estimate the hydrological environmental changes affected by external factors such as long-termed earthquake activity and volcanic activity. Therefore it is important to perform the informations including a wide range of future processes and conditions of engineered barriers and geosphere in a systematic manner and to construct scenarios considering external factors. Generation of geological and climatic disruptive events such as earthquake activity, volcanic activity, uplift, subsidence, climatic change and sea-level change and propagation process of their impacts and their types are needed to be clarified in order to understand the phenomena of their influence on a disposal system in case of our country. Japan Atomic Energy Agency started to develop FEP database including the correlation of FEPs and FEP data sheet.
Ikeda, Makoto; Munakata, Masahiro; Sakai, Ryutaro; Kimura, Hideo; Jia, H.*; Matsuba, Hisashi*
Nihon Chikasui Gakkai 2011-Nen Shunki Koenkai Koen Yoshi, p.86 - 91, 2011/05
no abstracts in English
Sakai, Ryutaro; Munakata, Masahiro; Kimura, Hideo; Ichikawa, Yasuo*; Nakamura, Masaru*
JAEA-Research 2010-066, 20 Pages, 2011/03
In the safety assessment for a geological disposal of radioactive waste, it is important to establish modelling methods and validation methods for regional groundwater flow system in the depth of 3001000m to estimate radionuclide migration to human environment through groundwater flow system. The study discussed application of data and assessment methods for model validation based on multiple indicators such as hydrology, groundwater chemistry, temperature and age of groundwater in case of the Boso Peninsula in Chiba Prefecture where a lot of in-situ data about groundwater was measured. This results show that existing hydrochemical and thermal data are applicable to explain freshwater and saltwater distribution and groundwater flow pattern in case of regional scale. It also indicates that gravitational groundwater is likely to flow into the deep part of fresh-saltwater interface based on the exist of Na-HCO type water above fresh-saltwater interface mixed with meteoric water and that multiple indicators are applicable to evaluate groundwater flow property and groundwater flow boundary in case of site scale region.
Sakai, Ryutaro; Munakata, Masahiro; Kimura, Hideo; Ooka, Masao*; Kameya, Hiroshi*; Hosoda, Koichi*
Dai-21-Kai Zenkoku Chishitsu Chosagyo Kyokai Rengokai "Gijutsu Fuoramu" Koenshu (CD-ROM), 2 Pages, 2010/11
no abstracts in English
Ikeda, Makoto; Munakata, Masahiro; Sakai, Ryutaro; Fuchiwaki, Hirotaka; Kimura, Hideo; Matsuba, Hisashi*
Nihon Chikasui Gakkai 2010-Nen Shuki Koenkai Koen Yoshi, p.282 - 287, 2010/11
no abstracts in English
Sakai, Ryutaro; Munakata, Masahiro; Ooka, Masao*; Kameya, Hiroshi*
JAEA-Research 2009-038, 38 Pages, 2009/11
In the safety assessment for a geological disposal of radioactive waste, it is important to develop a methodology and uncertainties of long-term estimation of regional groundwater flow system. The authors discussed the uncertainties of hydraulic conductivity as a significant hydrological parameter for regional groundwater flow analysis model. This study demonstrated that confining pressure change cased by uplift and subsidence and change of hydraulic gradients under the long-term geological and hydrological environmental change could possibly produce variations more than one order of magnitude in hydraulic conductivity of rock mass. It also clarified that the effect of water quality change on hydraulic conductivity is not negligible and that the replacement of fresh water and saline water cased by sea level change could predict to reduce hydraulic conductivities in rock mass 0.6 times from its present data in case of Horonobe site.
Sakai, Ryutaro; Munakata, Masahiro; Kimura, Hideo
Chikasui Gakkai-Shi, 51(4), p.311 - 329, 2009/11
In order to evaluate the regional groundwater flow system, the author has investigated stream flow of 3 rivers and analyzed flow rates and chemical compositions, isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen of water samples collected from wells, rivers and springs in the feeder streams area in the Yoro river basin, in Chiba Prefecture. As a result of this study, (Na)Ca-HCO type water is evaluated to be recharged from the highly permeable sand-dominant domain (Daifuku Mt.). In addition, it is estimated that the groundwater flow preferentially in direction of strike and discharge at the middle and downstream domain as Ca-HCO type water, and partially pass through fractures of low permeable alteration layer up to the surface area as evolved Na-HCO type water.
Sakai, Ryutaro; Munakata, Masahiro; Kimura, Hideo
JAEA-Research 2008-122, 18 Pages, 2009/03
It is important to evaluate effect on the groundwater flow system by the natural phenomena in the safety assessment of geological disposal of radioactive waste through a survey of recent scientific informations. In this report we study about the scenario of sea level change effecting on the groundwater flow system which is very important for a safety of disposal facility in costal area. As a result, this study show that the non-current paleo-fresh water at present is possible to start to discharge at sea floor in the next glacial period by denudation of marine-clay sediments and to grow stagnant again in the next interglacial period by deposition of marine-clay sediments. Therefore it is important to predict the scenario considering the denudation and deposition correlated with transgression and regression that could affect the change of groundwater flow characteristics during the glacial and interglacial period.
Sakai, Ryutaro; Munakata, Masahiro; Kimura, Hideo
JAEA-Research 2007-083, 38 Pages, 2008/01
Japan Atomic Energy Agency has investigated a sedimentary rock area in the central part of Yoro river basin, in Chiba Prefecture for verification of analytical groundwater flow model. For the purpose of establishing a methodology for evaluation of regional groundwater flow system, investigations of flow rates, chemical compositions and isotope ratios for water samples collected from wells, rivers and springs were carried out. As a result, considerable amount of ground water which is NaCa-HCO type or evolved Ca-HCO type meteoric origin cultivated at the high permeable sand dominant layer preferentially flows toward its strike direction discharging at the downstream region of river. The evolved Ca-HCO type or Na-HCO type ground water with long residence time was inferred to form different flowpath toward the dipping direction of bedrock more than 100m at depth and to upwell to the downstream region of Urajiro River as a feeder of Yoro River through the low permeable mud layer.