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ヨコヅナクマムシ${it Ramazzottius varieornatus}$; 宇宙生物学の研究モデルとして

The Tardigrade ${it Ramazzottius varieornatus}$; A Model for astrobiological studies

堀川 大樹*; 國枝 武和*; 阿部 渉*; 越川 滋行*; 中原 雄一*; 渡邊 匡彦*; 岩田 健一*; 坂下 哲哉; 浜田 信行*; 東 正剛*; 川井 清司*; 小関 成樹*; 山本 和貴*; 三浦 徹*; 小林 泰彦; 奥田 隆*

Horikawa, Daiki*; Kunieda, Takekazu*; Abe, Wataru*; Koshikawa, Shigeyuki*; Nakahara, Yuichi*; Watanabe, Masahiko*; Iwata, Kenichi*; Sakashita, Tetsuya; Hamada, Nobuyuki*; Higashi, Seigo*; Kawai, Kiyoshi*; Koseki, Shigenobu*; Yamamoto, Kazutaka*; Miura, Toru*; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; Okuda, Takashi*

クマムシの一種、ヨコヅナクマムシ${it Ramazzottius varieornatus}$が藻類${it Chlorella vulgaris}$を餌として培養可能であることを報告する。本種の培養個体の乾眠能力を調査したところ、卵,幼体,成体のいずれの発生段階においても乾眠に移行できることがわかった。さらに、乾眠状態の成体は-196$$^{circ}$$Cの超低温や100$$^{circ}$$Cの高温,99.8%のアセトニトリル,1GPaの超高圧,5000GyのHeイオン照射にも耐えうることがわかった。以上の結果から、ヨコヅナクマムシは、宇宙生物学における多細胞生物研究のモデルとして有用であると考えられる。

We report the first successful rearing of the herbivorous tardigrade, ${it Ramazzottius varieornatus}$, by supplying a green alga ${it Chlorella vulgaris}$ as a food. The reared individuals of this species had an anhydrobiotic capacity throughout their life cycle, from eggs, to juveniles, and to adults. Reared adults, while in an anhydrobiotic state, were tolerant to temperatures -196$$^{circ}$$C and 100$$^{circ}$$C. Furthermore, they were shown to be tolerant to the exposure to 99.8% acetonitrile, 1 GPa of hydrostatic pressure, or 5000 Gy of He ion radiation. We will report the details of these results, along with the description of their life history. Due to the observed tolerance to such extreme environmental conditions, we propose R. varieornatus to be included as a suitable model for astrobiological studies of multicellular organisms.

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