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Numerical simulation of thermohydraulic characteristics of dross ejection process in laser steel cutting

レーザー切断におけるドロス排出プロセスの熱流動シミュレーション

杉原 健太 ; 中村 保之 ; 小川 剛充; 村松 壽晴

Sugihara, Kenta; Nakamura, Yasuyuki; Ogawa, Takemitsu; Muramatsu, Toshiharu

厚板鋼材レーザー切断の適切化及び制御に向けて、多相の熱流体モデルに基づいた数値シミュレーションコードを開発し、アシストガスや加工ヘッド移動速度が切断性能に与える影響を調べた。切断フロント形状や温度分布を解析した結果以下の知見が得られた。アシストガス噴射によって溶融金属排出を促さなかった場合、レーザー光は溶融金属に吸収されてしまい固相表面に直接吸収されず板裏の温度上昇が遅れてしまう。ヘッドの移動速度が速すぎる場合には、加工ヘッド位置に対する熱伝導の遅れによって、切断開始位置の板裏に切り残しが生じるという実験結果を数値シミュレーションによって定性的に裏付けた。以上の結果から、切断溝の形成にはアシストガスによる溶融金属排出が厚板レーザー切断において非常に重要であるといえる。

Numerical simulation code, based on multi-phase thermohydraulics, has been being developed with a goal of a control and prediction for the laser cutting process. A thermohydraulic numerical simulation of the laser steel cutting was carried out to confirm an assist gas and sweep velocity effect to the cutting performance. The performance was evaluated, based on temperature profile and cutting front formation. Simulation results were as follows. If there was no effect of dross ejection by assist gas, a laser light was absorbed into molten steel stagnated in the kerf. Therefore, there was less laser heat input to a solid surface directly. Then, heat transport to the back side of steel plate got delayed. In the case of faster sweep velocity, delay of heat conduction and failure cut were confirmed at behind the cut starting position of the steel plate. Failure cut at the position was observed in our experiments. From these results, it was concluded that the thermohydraulics in the kerf takes important role for not only dross ejection but also promotion of heat input at solid surface.

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