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Development of irradiation methods and degradation modeling for state-of-the-art space solar cells

最先端宇宙用太陽電池の照射技術の開発と劣化モデリング

大島 武; 佐藤 真一郎; 住田 泰史*; 中村 徹哉*; 今泉 充*

Oshima, Takeshi; Sato, Shinichiro; Sumita, Taishi*; Nakamura, Tetsuya*; Imaizumi, Mitsuru*

人工衛星に搭載される太陽電池の実宇宙での発電予測を行うためには、地上で放射線照射試験を行い、その劣化挙動を把握することが重要となる。一般には照射前に測定施設にて発電特性を測定し、照射施設で電子線や陽子線といった放射線を照射、その後、測定施設に持ち帰り再測定を行うことで特性劣化を評価する「逐次法」が用いられるが、原子力機構と宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA)は、照射容器に模擬太陽光源を接続することで、放射線照射試験中に太陽電池の発電特性の劣化評価が可能な「同時法」の開発に成功している。更に、最近では深宇宙ミッションにも対応できるように低温照射ホルダーを導入した。この同時法を用いて、最先端の宇宙用太陽電池であるInGaP/GaAs/Ge三接合(3J)太陽電池の室温及び150Kでの低温における劣化特性を評価した。加えて、複雑な劣化を示す3J太陽電池の効率的な機構を解明し、非イオン化エネルギー損失(NIEL)の理論と組み合わせることで3J太陽電池の劣化モデルの構築に成功した。

It is very important to understand the radiation response of solar cells since we need to predict the performance degradation of solar cells on space satellites during the missions. In general, the electrical characteristics of solar cells are evaluated before and after electron/proton irradiation, and accelerator facilities are just involved in irradiation (referred to as Sequential method). Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) together with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has developed an in-situ evaluation technique that the electrical characteristics of solar cells can be measured under AM0 light illumination during proton/electron irradiation experiments (referred to as Simultaneous method). Furthermore, a sample holder with a cryogenic system was installed to the irradiation chamber in order to clarify the radiation response of solar cells under low temperature and low light intensity conditions such as missions for Mars or farther planet explorations. Using this unique method, we revealed the radiation degradation of multi-junction solar cells such as InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple junction (3J) solar cells under low temperature. In this paper, irradiation techniques for the evaluation of space solar cells will be introduced. The degradation mechanism of the 3J solar cells, and the modeling of degradation behavior of 3J solar cells will be also discussed.

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