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河川下刻による地形変化に関するデータ収集及び予察的な解析

Data collection and predictive analysis of river denudation

川村 淳; Jia, H.*; 小泉 由起子*; 西山 成哲  ; 梅田 浩司*

Kawamura, Makoto; Jia, H.*; Koizumi, Yukiko*; Nishiyama, Nariaki; Umeda, Koji*

10m DEMを用いたGISによる地形解析により、安倍川、大井川及び熊野川の3河川について、河口を起点とし3km毎に河川の流路に直交する片側2kmの河川横断線を作成し、河川横断線の地質情報を抽出した。3河川の横断面線を同一表示させると、上流ほど河床が上昇し起伏が大きくなる様子が見てとれる。横断面形状を比較すると3河川とも似た傾向を示すことがわかり、中$$sim$$上流部の河川両岸の起伏のピークは河川中央からおおよそ500$$sim$$1500mに位置し、河床とピークの比高もおおよそ200$$sim$$600mになる傾向がある。河床と両岸の比高がある程度形成されてからの平均的な横断面線を作成した結果、3河川とも平坦な面から両岸約1000mより河川に向かって傾斜し、河川の深さは300$$sim$$400m程度となった。また、河川両岸のピークと河床の標高差は上流程大きくなる、すなわち、上流ほど河床までの谷の深さが増す傾向がみられた。河床標高から作成した河川縦断の河床勾配を取ると、地質や地質構造にかかわらず3河川ともある程度の上流域から勾配トレンドが上昇する変曲点がみられた。河口付近の比較的平坦な地形から上流にさかのぼった河床高度の上昇や起伏の増加の傾向は疑似的ではあるものの、平坦な低地から隆起・侵食による地形形成の時間的な過程を示唆するものと考えられ、このことは、地形変化シミュレーションなど将来予測や地形変化を取り入れた性能評価モデルの妥当性の検証等に寄与する情報になる。

Using topographical analysis with GIS using 10 m DEM, we created 2 km river crossing lines on each side of the three rivers, Abegawa, Oigawa and Kumanogawa, starting from the estuary and going straight to the course of the river every 3 km. In addition, the geological information of the river transverse line was extracted. When the cross-sectional lines of the three rivers are displayed together, it can be seen that the river bed rises and the undulations increase as it goes upstream. A comparison of the cross-sectional shapes of the three rivers reveals similar trends, with peaks of undulations on both sides of the rivers in the middle to upper reaches located approximately 500-1,500 m from the center of the river. The relative height between bed and peak also tends to be around 200-600 m. The difference in elevation between the peaks on both sides of the river and the river bed increased in the upstream direction, that is, the depth of the valley to the river bed increased in the upstream direction. When the riverbed slope of the river longitudinal created from the riverbed elevation was taken, an inflection points where the slope trend rose from the upstream area was seen in all three rivers regardless of the geology and geological structure. Although the trend of elevation of the riverbed and increase in undulations from the relatively flat landform near the mouth of the river upstream is pseudo, it suggests a temporal process of landform formation due to uplift and denudation from the flat lowland. This will be information that contributes to verification of the validity of future predictions and performance evaluation models that incorporate topographical changes, such as topographical change simulations.

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