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論文

Fission mechanism inferred from nuclear shape fluctuation by the Langevin equation

有友 嘉浩*; 岩本 昭*; 西尾 勝久; 太田 雅久*

Physical Review C, 105(3), p.034604_1 - 034604_8, 2022/03

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:54.36(Physics, Nuclear)

One of the dynamical investigations for an understanding of the fission process is the analysis through Langevin trajectories in the nuclear deformation space. The main motivation of this analysis is to elucidate the characteristic nuclear-shape oscillation induced by a random force in the Langevin equation and its impact on the fission process. The characteristic random oscillation originates from the requirement of an overdamped condition. The properties of the friction tensor in the equation reveal that the directional nuclear shape fluctuations originate in the subspace of nuclear deformation. Our calculations exhibit a good agreement with the fission data for fermium isotopes, where the fission-fragment mass distribution changes dramatically from the asymmetric shape to the sharp symmetric shape as the masses of the fissioning Fm isotopes increase.

論文

Angular momentum transfer in multinucleon transfer channels of $$^{18}$$O + $$^{237}$$Np

田中 翔也*; 廣瀬 健太郎; 西尾 勝久; Kean, K. R.*; 牧井 宏之; Orlandi, R.; 塚田 和明; 有友 嘉浩*

Physical Review C, 105(2), p.L021602_1 - L021602_5, 2022/02

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:34.54(Physics, Nuclear)

The angular momentum of a primary excited compound nucleus produced in multinucleon transfer reaction is an important quantity to evaluate cross sections to synthesize neutron-rich heavy element nuclei as well as for surrogate reaction studies. The mechanism is, however, not enough understood due to the lack of detailed experimental data. In the present study, we determined the angular momentum of primary excited nuclei, $$^{237,238,239}$$Np, $$^{238,239,240}$$Pu, and $$^{239,240,241}$$Am, produced in the multi-nucleon transfer channels of the $$^{18}$$O + $$^{237}$$Np reaction. With this aim, angular distributions of fission fragments with respect to the axis perpendicular to the reaction plane were measured for each compound nucleus. The distributions show an anisotropy exhibiting an enhanced yield on the reaction plane. They are well reproduced by a saddle point model, from which the average angular momentum is derived in the model framework. The angular momentum increases with the compound-nucleus mass, thus the number of nucleons exchanged, but shows a saturating trend toward heavier compound nuclei. These results are the first ones to point to the dependence of the angular momentum on the transfer channels.

論文

Measurement of fission-fragment mass distributions in the multinucleon transfer channels of the $$^{18}$$O+$$^{237}$$Np reaction

Vermeulen, M. J.; 西尾 勝久; 廣瀬 健太郎; Kean, K. R.; 牧井 宏之; Orlandi, R.; 塚田 和明; Tsekhanovich, I.*; Andreyev, A. N.; 石崎 翔馬*; et al.

Physical Review C, 102(5), p.054610_1 - 054610_11, 2020/11

 被引用回数:5 パーセンタイル:53.56(Physics, Nuclear)

Fission fragment mass distributions for 23 nuclei ($$^{234-237}$$U, $$^{236-239}$$Np, $$^{238-241}$$Pu, $$^{240-243}$$Am, $$^{242-245}$$Cm, and $$^{244-246}$$Bk) were measured using the multi-nucleon transfer approach in the reaction of $$^{18}$$O+$$^{237}$$Np, and their excitation-energy dependence was obtained up to a maximum of 70 MeV. Among them, the low energy fission of $$^{236}$$Np, $$^{238}$$Pu, and $$^{245}$$Cm is reported for the first time. The experimental data for all the studied nuclei were compared to the Langevin calculations. The calculation which takes into account the effects of multi-chance fission well reproduced the peak-to-valley ratio and mass-asymmetric peak positions of the distributions. The angular momenta given to the fissioning nucleus is also discussed.

論文

フェルミウム原子核で起きるユニークな核分裂; 動力学模型の視点から

有友 嘉浩*; 宮本 裕也*; 西尾 勝久

日本物理学会誌, 75(10), p.631 - 636, 2020/10

フェルミウム元素(Fm, 原子番号100)の核分裂において、1980年代の実験で興味深い結果が報告された。$$^{257}$$Fmから$$^{258}$$Fmへと原子核の質量数が1つ変化しただけで、ウランで見られるような質量非対称核分裂から、シャープな質量対称核分裂へと変化した。この変化の原因を説明するため多くの理論モデルが提案されてきたが、実験データを定量的に説明できる模型はなかった。本研究では、ランジュバンモデルを用いた動力学計算を行うことにより、この変化の原因を説明することができた。このモデルの構築のため、原子力科学研究所タンデム加速器で測定した核分裂データを使用した。核分裂の発見と理論の歴史を概説しつつ、Fmで起こる現象について分かりやすく解説した。

論文

Estimation of synthesizing new superheavy elements using dynamical model

有友 嘉浩*; 天野 翔太*; 奥林 瑞貴*; 栁 漠*; 西尾 勝久; 太田 雅久*

Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 83(4), p.545 - 549, 2020/07

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.02(Physics, Nuclear)

For the success of synthesis of the superheavy elements Z $$>$$ 118, it is indispensable to clarify the fusion-fission mechanism, which includes a role of the nuclear structure of colliding nuclei and the deformation in the fusion process. We develop the dynamical model to estimate the probability to produce new superheavy nuclei. To approach Island of Stability and synthesize new elements, we propose a new idea, which takes advantage of the shell structure in fusion and fission process.

論文

Effects of multichance fission on isotope dependence of fission fragment mass distributions at high energies

田中 翔也; 有友 嘉浩*; 宮本 裕也*; 廣瀬 健太郎; 西尾 勝久

Physical Review C, 100(6), p.064605_1 - 064605_6, 2019/12

 被引用回数:10 パーセンタイル:79.95(Physics, Nuclear)

散逸揺動定理を採用した動力学模型を使用し、$$^{234-240}$$U, $$^{236-242}$$Np, $$^{238-244}$$Pu ($$E^{*}$$=15-55MeV)という広い範囲の核種および励起エネルギーにおいて核分裂片質量分布の評価を行った。本研究の特色は、原子核が分裂へ至るまでに中性子を放出するという、マルチチャンス核分裂の概念を理論計算へ導入していることである。その結果、実験データを系統的に再現する計算結果を得られた。特に、励起エネルギーが高い領域においても核分裂片質量分布がふた山構造を維持する傾向や、原子核の初期状態(特に中性子数)に依存するという実験データの傾向を再現することに成功した。またこの傾向が、核分裂前の中性子放出確率を支配している複合核の中性子結合エネルギーと相関を持つことを示した。

論文

Origin of the dramatic change of fission mode in fermium isotopes investigated using Langevin equations

宮本 裕也*; 有友 嘉浩*; 田中 翔也; 廣瀬 健太郎; 西尾 勝久

Physical Review C, 99(5), p.051601_1 - 051601_7, 2019/05

 被引用回数:13 パーセンタイル:84.95(Physics, Nuclear)

The fission of even-even fermium nuclides $$^{250-260}$$Fm at low excitation energy was studied using Langevin equations of three-dimensional nuclear-shape parametrization. The mass distributions of fission fragments show a dramatic change from an asymmetric shape for the lighter fermium isotopes to sharp symmetric fission for the heavier isotopes. The time evolution of the nuclear shape on the potential surface reveals that the lighter fermium isotopes showing asymmetric fission are trapped in the second minimum for a substantial length of time before overcoming the second saddle point. This behavior changes dramatically for the compact symmetric fission found in the heavier neutron-rich fermium nuclei that disintegrate immediately after overcoming the first saddle point, without feeling the second barrier, resulting in a fission time two orders of magnitude shorter.

論文

Role of multichance fission in the description of fission-fragment mass distributions at high energies

廣瀬 健太郎; 西尾 勝久; 田中 翔也*; L$'e$guillon, R.*; 牧井 宏之; 西中 一朗*; Orlandi, R.; 塚田 和明; Smallcombe, J.*; Vermeulen, M. J.; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 119(22), p.222501_1 - 222501_6, 2017/12

 被引用回数:44 パーセンタイル:91.25(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

JAEAタンデム加速器施設で行った$$^{18}$$O+$$^{238}$$U反応における多核子移行チャンネルを用いた実験により、$$^{237-240}$$U, $$^{239-242}$$Np、および$$^{241-244}$$Puの核分裂質量分布を励起エネルギー10$$sim$$60MeVにおいて測定した。これらのうち、$$^{240}$$U, $$^{240,241,242}$$Npのデータは本実験により初めて観測された。原子核の殻効果の減衰によって対称分裂すると予想されていた高励起エネルギーにおいても、質量分布が非対称を示すことがわかった。搖動散逸定理に基づく動力学モデル計算との比較から、この振る舞いはマルチチャンス核分裂によるものであることを明らかにした。

論文

Study of fission using multi-nucleon transfer reactions

西尾 勝久; 廣瀬 健太郎; Vermeulen, M. J.; 牧井 宏之; Orlandi, R.; 塚田 和明; 浅井 雅人; 豊嶋 厚史; 佐藤 哲也; 永目 諭一郎; et al.

EPJ Web of Conferences, 163, p.00041_1 - 00041_6, 2017/11

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:61.28

We are promoting a study of fission using multi-nucleon transfer (MNT) reactions, where excited states in neutron-rich actinide nuclei, which cannot be accessed by particle capture and/or fusion reactions, are populated. Also, the excited states in the fissioning nucleus are widely populated by the MNT reactions, from which effects of excitation energy on fission properties can be investigated. Experiments were carried out at the JAEA tandem facility in Tokai, Japan. We studied reactions using the $$^{18}$$O beam and several actinide target nuclei such as $$^{232}$$Th, $$^{238}$$U, $$^{237}$$Np, $$^{248}$$Cm. Ejectile nucleus was identified by a silicon $$Delta$$E-E telescope to identify transfer channel and hence the compound nucleus. Fission fragments were detected by multi-wire proportional counters, and fission fragment mass distributions (FFMDs) were measured for each isotope. Measured FFMDs are reproduced by a calculation based on the fluctuation-dissipation model, and importance of multi-chance fission concept is investigated. Fission fragment angular distribution relative to the recoil direction suggested the increase of the spin of the fissioning nucleus with the number of transferred nucleons.

論文

Study of fission using multi-nucleon transfer reactions

西尾 勝久; 廣瀬 健太郎; L$'e$guillon, R.*; 牧井 宏之; Orlandi, R.; 塚田 和明; Smallcombe, J.*; 千葉 敏*; 有友 嘉浩*; 田中 翔也*; et al.

Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Fission and Properties of Neutron-rich Nuclei (ICFN-6), p.590 - 597, 2017/11

We are promoting a fission study using multi-nucleon transfer reactions, where excited states in neutron-rich actinide nuclei, which cannot be accessed by particle capture and/or fusion reactions, are populated. This allows us to study fission in the new region of chart of nuclei. Also, the excited states in the fissioning nucleus are widely populated in the reactions, thus the effects of excitation energy on fission can be investigated. Experiments were carried out at the JAEA tandem facility in Tokai, Japan. We studied reactions using the $$^{18}$$O beam ($$sim$$9MeV/u) and several actinide target nuclei such as $$^{232}$$Th, $$^{238}$$U, $$^{237}$$Np, $$^{248}$$Cm. Ejectile nuclei and thus the transfer channels were identified by a newly developed silicon $$Delta$$E-E detectors. The produced nuclei in one experiment reached more than fifteen. Fission fragment mass distributions (FFMDs) were measured for each isotopes. Measured FFMDs are reproduced by a calculation based on the fluctuation-dissipation model (Langevin-type calculation), where effects of multi-chance fission were included. We also started to measure the prompt neutrons accompanied by fission.

論文

Experimental fission study using multi-nucleon transfer reactions

西尾 勝久; 廣瀬 健太郎; L$'e$guillon, R.*; 牧井 宏之; Orlandi, R.; 塚田 和明; Smallcombe, J.*; 千葉 敏*; 有友 嘉浩*; 田中 翔也*; et al.

EPJ Web of Conferences, 146, p.04009_1 - 04009_6, 2017/09

 被引用回数:3 パーセンタイル:86.61

The objective of this work is to extend fission data for actinide nuclei not investigated so far in order to understand the fission mechanism, especially for neutron-rich nuclei. Multi-nucleon transfer reactions were used to populate the compound nuclei which cannot be accessed by particle capture or fusion reactions. The experiment was carried out at the tandem facility of Japan Atomic Energy Agency. In the multi-nucleon transfer reactions using $$^{18}$$O beam, a wide variety of nuclei around a target nucleus was produced. By identifying transfer channels, fission data of nuclei more than fifteen compound nuclei were generated in one experiment. Another feature of transfer reaction is that the excitation energies of a compound nucleus can be populated continuously from the ground state up to several tens MeV, allowing us to study the excitation energy dependence of fission properties. From the excitation function of fission probabilities, fission-barrier heights of neutron-rich actinide nuclei were obtained. Experiments were carried out in the reactions of $$^{18}$$O + $$^{238}$$U, $$^{232}$$Th, $$^{248}$$Cm, $$^{237}$$Np. The obtained fission fragment mass distributions were reproduced by a model calculation based on a fluctuation dissipation model.

論文

Fission fragments mass distributions of nuclei populated by the multinucleon transfer channels of the $$^{18}$$O + $$^{232}$$Th reaction

L$'e$guillon, R.; 西尾 勝久; 廣瀬 健太郎; 牧井 宏之; 西中 一朗*; Orlandi, R.; 塚田 和明; Smallcombe, J.*; 千葉 敏*; 有友 嘉浩*; et al.

Physics Letters B, 761, p.125 - 130, 2016/10

 被引用回数:38 パーセンタイル:93.02(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

It is shown that the multinucleon transfer reactions is a powerful tool to study fission of exotic neutron-rich actinide nuclei, which cannot be accessed by particle-capture or heavy-ion fusion reactions. In this work, multinucleon transfer channels of the $$^{18}$$O + $$^{232}$$Th reaction are used to study fission of fourteen nuclei $$^{231,232,233,234}$$Th, $$^{232,233,234,235,236}$$Pa, and $$^{234,235,236,237,238}$$U. Identification of fissioning nuclei and of their excitation energy is performed on an event-by-event basis, through the measurement of outgoing ejectile particle in coincidence with fission fragments. Fission fragment mass distributions are measured for each transfer channel, in selected bins of excitation energy. In particular, the mass distributions of $$^{231,234}$$Th and $$^{234,235,236}$$Pa are measured for the first time. Predominantly asymmetric fission is observed at low excitation energies for all studied cases, with a gradual increase of the symmetric mode towards higher excitation energy. The experimental distributions are found to be in general agreement with predictions of the fluctuation-dissipation model.

論文

A Comprehensive approach to determination of nuclear data of unstable nuclei

千葉 敏*; 西尾 勝久; 有友 嘉浩*; 小浦 寛之; 岩本 修; 牧井 宏之; 西中 一朗*; 廣瀬 健太郎

EPJ Web of Conferences, 106, p.04004_1 - 04004_9, 2016/02

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0

A comprehensive approach to determine nuclear data of unstable nuclei will be described. It consists of a measurement of fission and capture cross sections, mass distribution of fission fragments (independent fission yields) and number of prompt fission neutrons by the method of surrogate reactions. A multi-dimensional Langevin model is being developed to estimate the independent fission yields theoretically. Furthermore, the $$beta$$ decay properties of the fission fragments, almost all are neutron-rich unstable nuclei, are investigated systematically by improving the gross theory of $$beta$$ decay, which will yield information on the decay heat and delayed-neutron data.

論文

Surrogate reactions research at JAEA/Tokyo Tech

千葉 敏; 西尾 勝久; 牧井 宏之; 有友 嘉浩*; 西中 一朗; 石井 哲朗; 塚田 和明; 浅井 雅人; 古高 和禎; 橋本 慎太郎; et al.

Nuclear Data Sheets, 119, p.229 - 232, 2014/05

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.02(Physics, Nuclear)

We will present a status of researches in surrogate reaction method using heavy-ions to determine neutron fission and capture cross sections of unstable nuclei. We take advantage of having (1) an electrostatic tandem accelerator which can deliver highly mono-energetic beams of heavy ions, (2) rich experience in in-beam $$gamma$$ spectroscopy, (3) rich experience in measuring fission fragments induced by heavy-ions, (4) nuclear theory and evaluation experiences. We have constructed apparatus to measure fission fragments and $$gamma$$-rays in coincidence with ejectiles by which we can identify the populated compound nuclei. Primarily, we used $$^{18}$$O-induced reactions as well as $$^3$$He-induced reactions. We also investigated conditions under which such measurements lead to correct neutron cross sections. Results of the theoretical researches were published in a series of papers. In this presentation, status of results of the above researches will be summarized.

論文

In-beam fissio study at JAEA for heavy element synthesis

西尾 勝久; 池添 博; Hofmann, S.*; Ackermann, D.*; 有友 嘉浩*; Comas, V. F.*; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Heinz, S.*; Heredia, J. A.*; He${ss}$berger, F. P.*; et al.

AIP Conference Proceedings 1524, p.68 - 72, 2013/04

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.04

Fission fragment mass and kinetic energies distributions were measured in the heavy-ion induced reactions using $$^{238}$$U target nucleus at the energies around the Coulomb barrier. We observed strong variation of the fragment mass distribution with incident energy, which was explained by an energy dependence of the probabilities for fusion and quasifission. A calculation based on a fluctuation-dissipation model was carried out to determine the fusion probability in the reactions of $$^{30}$$Si+$$^{238}$$U and $$^{34}$$S+$$^{238}$$U. The fusion probabilities were consistent with those determied from the evaporation residue cross sections for both reactions, showing that in-beam fission measurement and analysis can give a reasonable estimation for the cross sections to produce super-heavy nuclei. We also discss the results for in-beam fission measurement of $$^{48}$$Ca+$$^{238}$$U.

論文

Fusion probabilities in the reactions $$^{40,48}$$Ca + $$^{238}$$U at energies around the Coulomb barrier

西尾 勝久; 光岡 真一; 西中 一朗; 牧井 宏之; 若林 泰生*; 池添 博; 廣瀬 健太郎*; 大槻 勤*; 有友 嘉浩*; Hofmann, S.*

Physical Review C, 86(3), p.034608_1 - 034608_6, 2012/09

 被引用回数:71 パーセンタイル:95.33(Physics, Nuclear)

Fission cross sections and fission fragment mass distributions were measured in the reactions of $$^{40}$$Ca + $$^{238}$$U and $$^{48}$$Ca + $$^{238}$$U at energies around the Coulomb barrier. Fusion probabilities were calculated based on the fluctuation dissipation model. The measured mass distributions for both reactions showed an asymmetric shape at low incident energies, whereas the distribution changed to a flat shape at higher energies. The variation of the mass distribution is explained by a change of the ratio between fusion and qasifission with nuclear orientation. The calculation reproduced the mass distributions and their energy dependence. The trajectories for fusion-fission were used to determine the fusion probability. Fusion probabilities for both reactions are identical as function of the center-of-mass energy, but they differ when plotted as function of the excitation energy. The calculated evaporation residue cross sections for the reaction $$^{48}$$Ca + $$^{238}$$U using a statistical model showed that sub-barrier fusion reaction can be applied to form the element 112.

論文

Dynamical approach to heavy-ion induced fission using actinide target nuclei at energies around the Coulomb barrier

有友 嘉浩; 萩野 浩一*; 西尾 勝久; 千葉 敏

Physical Review C, 85(4), p.044614_1 - 044614_15, 2012/04

 被引用回数:56 パーセンタイル:92.64(Physics, Nuclear)

入射エネルギーがクーロンバリア近傍のエネルギー領域における、アクチノイド標的核を用いた重イオン融合反応を記述するために、チャネル結合法と散逸揺動理論に基づく動力学的手法を用いて構築した新しい模型を提案した。アクチノイド標的核は変形しているために、標的核と入射核はさまざまな配位で接触するが、それぞれの配位における接触確率をチャネル結合法で計算し、接触点から球形領域に向かう融合過程と準核分裂過程の競合過程をランジュバン方程式を用いた動力学模型を導入して記述した。それぞれの過程は変形パラメータ空間における軌道を解析することで区別が可能である。この模型を用いて原子力研究開発機構で測定された$$^{34,36}$$S+$$^{238}$$U及び$$^{30}$$Si+$$^{238}$$Uのさまざまな入射エネルギーに対する質量分布の計算を行い、実験データと比較した。またそれぞれの質量分布の特徴がどの様に現れるかを軌道解析によって明らかにした。さらにそれぞれの反応における準核分裂過程の時間スケールや分裂片の変形度の違いなどについて詳細に調べ、反応機構を明らかにした。

論文

Spin-dependent observables in surrogate reactions

千葉 敏; 岩本 修; 有友 嘉浩

Physical Review C, 84(5), p.054602_1 - 054602_5, 2011/11

 被引用回数:10 パーセンタイル:56.22(Physics, Nuclear)

代理反応の有効性を検証するため、代理反応で生成されたさまざまなスピン状態から放出される観測量についての議論を行う。放出される$$gamma$$線のエネルギースペクトルと多重度,蒸発中性子のエネルギースペクトル,核分裂生成物の質量数分布はいずれも崩壊する状態のスピンに対する依存性を有することがわかった。これにより、これらの量を観測することで、分岐比に大きな影響を与える複合核状態のスピン分布に対する情報が得られることがわかった。

論文

Investigation of fission properties and evaporation residue measurement in the reactions using $$^{238}$$U target nucleus

西尾 勝久; 池添 博; Hofmann, S.*; Ackermann, D.*; Antalic, S.*; 有友 嘉浩; Comas, V. F.*; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Gorshkov, A.*; Graeger, R.*; et al.

EPJ Web of Conferences, 17, p.09005_1 - 09005_4, 2011/10

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:47.67

Fission fragment mass distributions after full momentum transfer of the projectile were measured in the reactions using a $$^{238}$$U target nucleus bombarded by $$^{30}$$Si, $$^{31}$$P, $$^{34,36}$$S, $$^{40}$$Ar, $$^{40,48}$$Ca projectiles. We observed a strong variation of the distribution as function of bombarding energy. The results were interpreted by the effects of nuclear deformation of the target nucleus on the competition between fusion and quasifission. The symmetric fission includes fusion-fission, wheres as the asymmetric fission represents quasifission. The fusion probabilities were determined with the help of fluctuation-dissipation model. The estimated evaporation residue cross sections ($$^{263,264}$$Sg and $$^{267,268}$$Hs) produced in $$^{30}$$Si + $$^{238}$$U and $$^{34}$$S+$$^{238}$$U reproduced the experimental data.

論文

Dynamical model of surrogate reactions

有友 嘉浩; 千葉 敏; 西尾 勝久

Physical Review C, 84(2), p.024602_1 - 024602_10, 2011/08

 被引用回数:6 パーセンタイル:46.13(Physics, Nuclear)

核子移行反応,生成核の熱化及び崩壊という複数の過程を含む代理反応の全プロセスを記述できる動的模型を開発した。系の集団座表の時間発展を、時間依存のポテンシャルエネルギー上での多次元ランジュバン方程式の方法で分析する。本モデルにより代理反応上重要な複合核のスピン分布を計算することが可能になった。さらに、代理反応における種々の観測量の計算も可能である。それによりモデルパラメータの決定を行い、不確定さの少ない計算を行うことができる。本模型を$$^{18}$$O+$$^{238}$$U$$rightarrow^{16}$$O+$$^{240*}$$U反応に適用し、千葉・岩本が提案した代理比反応の成立条件の検証を行った。

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