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出井 俊太郎; 柴田 真仁*; 根岸 久美*; 杉浦 佑樹; 天野 由記; Bateman, K.*; Wilson, J.*; 横山 立憲; 鏡味 沙耶; 武田 匡樹; et al.
Results in Earth Sciences (Internet), 3, p.100097_1 - 100097_16, 2025/12
高レベル放射性廃棄物の地層処分において、セメントと泥岩の相互作用による化学的擾乱領域が形成され、岩盤中の核種移行特性に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。本研究では、11年前に幌延深地層研究センターの140m調査坑道に施工されたセメント(普通ポルトランドセメント(OPC)および低アルカリ性セメント(LAC))と泥岩の界面における変質状態について調査した。複数の分析手法を組み合わせることで、セメントの溶解、方解石やC-(A-)S-H相などの二次鉱物の析出、モンモリロナイトの陽イオン交換、泥岩の空隙率の低下など、セメントと岩石の界面における主要な反応が特定された。また、空隙率の低下による拡散の低下や、変質した泥岩中の二次鉱物への取り込みによる収着の促進など、セメントと泥岩の相互作用が放射性核種の移行に及ぼす影響についても明らかになった。
C-stainless steel composites using the improved MPS methodAhmed, Z.*; Wu, S.*; Sharma, A.*; Kumar, R.*; 山野 秀将; Pellegrini, M.*; 横山 諒*; 岡本 孝司*
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 250, p.127343_1 - 127343_17, 2025/11
The study aims to measure boron concentration through the unidirectional diffusion of boron within the stainless steel (SS) layers while evaluating the updated model ability to replicate melt relocation behavior and geometry. In the current MPS simulations, one scenario employed dummy walls as heat sources, while another scenario used SS surface particles as heat sources to avoid interference with the melt flow as it reached the bottom of the specimen.
Luu, V. N.; 谷口 良徳; 宇田川 豊; 勝山 仁哉
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 442, p.114222_1 - 114222_15, 2025/10
For near-term application, coated-Zr alloy claddings show potential for enhancing safety by providing better oxidation resistance and minimizing hydrogen absorption under design-basis accidents (DBA). This benefit could extend the burnup and operational cycles of fuel rods. In assessing safety, reactivity-initiated accidents (RIA) are considered as one of the DBA conditions. The current safety criteria for high-temperature oxidation failure, one of the failure modes linked to RIA, are defined by peak fuel enthalpy values that range from 205 to 270 cal/g. This wide variability presents challenges when attempting to generalize criteria for modified-Zr alloy claddings with superior oxidation resistance. Therefore, it may be more relevant to apply failure criteria based on embrittlement mechanisms, such as oxygen concentration in the 
-Zr phase. This study aimed to assess the failure based on both peak fuel enthalpy and cladding embrittlement by analyzing previous NSRR experiments conducted with conventional materials using the RANNS fuel performance code. The findings suggest that the failure criteria associated with cladding embrittlement can provide a rational evaluation of failure behavior compared to the existing criterion based on peak fuel enthalpy. The local failure criterion leading to the formation of through-wall cracks during quenching is consistent with Chung's proposal (NUREG/CR-1344): -Zr thickness of 
0.9 wt% oxygen is less than 0.1 mm, and this corresponds to approximately 35% BJ-ECR.
Rizaal, M.; 中島 邦久; 鈴木 恵理子; 三輪 周平
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 218, p.111433_1 - 111433_10, 2025/08
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Nuclear Science & Technology)The release of iodine in a case of severe nuclear accident is directly linked to short-term radiological consequences. This concern raises issues in understanding the chemical forms of the transported iodine to devise proper accident management measures/strategies. In contributing to such efforts, this work presents experimental and theoretical approaches to defining the impact of molybdenum as a semi-volatile fission product toward iodine speciation in the gas phase. Given humid atmospheric conditions with different oxygen potentials, the interactions were revealed through the reaction products consisting of both gas and aerosols upon their transport and condensation in the temperature range of 1150-450 K. Through thermodynamic equilibrium calculations where new thermodynamic data of cesium molybdates have been incorporated, the experimental observation was reproduced, hence general interaction mechanism was proposed in this work.
青山 高士; Choudhary, S.*; Pandaleon, A.*; Burns, J. T.*; Kokaly, M.*; Restis, J.*; Ross, J.*; Kelly, R. G.*
Corrosion, 81(6), p.609 - 621, 2025/06
This study presents a new test method for inducing controlled corrosion damage within simulated fastener holes of aluminum alloys, aimed at pretreating fatigue test specimens. The method involves insulating the outer surface while exposing the fastener hole surface to electrolytes containing 0.66 M NaCl + 0.1 M AlCl 
with varying concentrations of K 
S O 
. The evolution of corrosion damage within the fastener hole was examined as a function of exposure duration, electrolyte composition, and volume, as well as the effect of galvanic coupling with a SS316 cathode. Results indicate that fissure depth increases with an increase in K S O concentration but does not progress further after 24-48 hours of exposure in the chemical, or freely-corroding, exposure test. In contrast, galvanic coupling with a SS316 plate significantly accelerates corrosion, leading to much deeper fissures in a shorter time. The importance of electrolyte replenishment has been explored using electrochemical measurements, revealing the impact of evolving electrolyte chemistry. Beyond its application in fatigue specimen pretreatment, this method provides a simple yet effective approach for studying localized corrosion and evaluating mitigation strategies for fastener holes in aerospace structures.
Co
)Sn studied by 
SRCai, Y.*; Yoon, S.*; Sheng, Q.*; Zhao, G.*; Seewald, E. F.*; Ghosh, S.*; Ingham, J.*; Pasupathy, A. N.*; Queiroz, R.*; Lei, H.*; et al.
Physical Review B, 111(21), p.214412_1 - 214412_17, 2025/06
We study the magnetic properties of the metallic kagome system (FeCo)Sn by a combination of muon spin relaxation (SR), magnetic susceptibility, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements in single crystal specimens with Co concentrations 
= 0, 0.11, 0.8. In the undoped antiferromagnetic compound FeSn, we find possible signatures for a previously unidentified phase that sets in at 
~K, well beneath the Neel temperature 
~K as indicated by a peak in the relaxation rate 1/
observed in zero field (ZF) and longitudinal field (LF) SR measurements, with a corresponding anomaly in the ac and dc susceptibility, and an increase in the static width 1/
in ZF-SR measurements. No signatures of spatial symmetry breaking are found in STM down to 7~K. Related to the location and motion of muons in FeSn, we confirmed a previous report that about 40% of the implanted muons reside at a field-cancelling high symmetry site at 
~K, while an onset of thermal hopping changes the site occupancy at higher temperatures. In Fe
Co
Sn, where disorder eliminated the field-cancellation effect, all the implanted muons exhibit precession and/or relaxation in the ordered state. In Fe
Co
Sn, we find canonical spin glass behavior with freezing temperature 
~K; the ZF and LF-SR time spectra exhibit results similar to those observed in dilute alloy spin glasses CuMn and AuFe, with a critical behavior of 
at 
and 
as 
. The absence of spin dynamics at low temperatures makes a clear contrast to the spin dynamics observed by SR in many geometrically frustrated spin systems on insulating kagome, pyrochlore, and triangular lattices. The spin glass behavior of CoSn doped with dilute Fe moments is shown to originate primarily from the randomness of doped Fe moments rather than due to geometrical frustration of the underlying lattice.
Wilson, J.*; 笹本 広; 舘 幸男; 川間 大介*
Applied Clay Science, 275, p.107862_1 - 107862_15, 2025/05
被引用回数：0高レベル放射性廃棄物の処分場では、鉄または鋼製ベースの容器/オーバーパック及びベントナイト緩衝材が用いられる。25年以上にわたり、鉄とベントナイトの相互作用に関わる研究が行われ、その中では、特に膨潤性粘土(スメクタイト)の鉄に富んだ層状珪酸塩(膨潤能が欠落する鉱物も存在)への変質可能性について検討がなされた。このような変質が生じると、人工バリア材の一つである緩衝材に期待されている膨潤性の欠落或いは低下を引き起こし、せん断応力に対するオーバーパックの保護性、水や溶質の移行抑制にも影響を与える。鉄とベントナイトの相互作用に関わるデータの多くは、実験及び地球化学モデリングによるものであり、ナチュラルアナログによるデータには乏しい。これらの既往データによれば、スメクタイト(アルミ質のモンモリロナイト)が鉄に富んだ固相(層状珪酸塩を含む)に変質したものや、グリーンラスト又は磁鉄鉱のような腐食生成物を伴う鉄に富んだ変質ゾーンが生成される可能性が示唆される。一方、このような変質ゾーンについての実態は複雑であり、現状での理解は不十分な部分もある。25年以上にもわたり研究が行われているにもかかわらず不確実な部分も多いが、今回のレビューにより、鉄とベントナイトの相互作用に伴い生じる尤もらしいシナリオが認識され、考えられ得る緩衝材特性への影響についても提示された。
hydridosilicate at high pressures; A Bridge to BaSiH
polyhydrideBeyer, D. C.*; Spektor, K.*; Vekilova, O. Y.*; Grins, J.*; Barros Brant Carvalho, P. H.*; Leinbach, L. J.*; Sannemo-Targama, M.*; Bhat, S.*; Baran, V.*; Etter, M.*; et al.
ACS Omega (Internet), 10(15), p.15029 - 15035, 2025/04
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)SiH八面体部位を特徴とするヒドリドケイ酸塩は、水素貯蔵と水素化物イオン伝導に関連する潜在的な性質を持つかなり新しい化合物のクラスである。ここでは、Zintl相水素化物BaSiH
を4GPa以上の圧力でH
流体と反応させ、その後常圧まで減圧して得られた新しい代表的なBaSiHについて報告する。SiH
イオンはBa
対イオンによって八面体に配位している。Ba原子とSi原子の配置は理想的なfcc NaCl構造からわずかにずれている。IRとラマンスペクトルからSiHの屈曲と伸縮モードがそれぞれ800-1200と1400-1800cm
の範囲で観測された。BaSiHは95
Cまで熱的に安定であり、それ以上ではBaHとSiに分解する。DFT計算により、直接バンドギャップは2.5eVであることが示された。BaSiHの発見により、ギガパスカル圧力(10GPa以下)のシリサイドの水素化反応からアクセス可能なヒドリドケイ酸塩の化合物クラスが固まった。BaSiHの構造的性質は、超伝導ポリハイドライドBaSiHを予測されるより高い圧力で水素化するための中間体(あるいは前駆体)であることを示唆している。
Md produced in the 
He + 
Es reaction西尾 勝久; 廣瀬 健太郎; 牧井 宏之; Orlandi, R.; Kean, K. R.*; 塚田 和明; 豊嶋 厚史*; 浅井 雅人; 佐藤 哲也; Chiera, N. M.*; et al.
Physical Review C, 111(4), p.044609_1 - 044609_12, 2025/04
被引用回数：0In spontaneous fission (SF) it is found that the mass-asymmetric fission of well-known actinides suddenly changes to the symmetric fission when nucleus has a mass number 
larger than 257. We have measured for the first time fission-fragment mass and total-kinetic-energy (TKE) distributions of the excited compound nucleus Md, populated in the reaction He+Es, using the rare isotope Es with a short half-life, 
=276 days. The fission of Md can be interpreted as involving 3 fission modes: an mass-asymmetric mode and two modes of mass-asymmetric fissions, the latter two are manifested by different TKE values. Predominantly symmetric fission was obtained at the excitation energy of 15.0 MeV. By increasing the energy to 18.0 MeV, the asymmetric fission mode dominates. Both such a strong change of fission modes within a small increase of excitation energy and the enhancement of asymmetric split are new phenomena in fission.
C-SS eutectic melting and its relocation behaviourAhmed, Z.*; Sharma, A. K.*; Pellegrini, M.*; 山野 秀将; 岡本 孝司*
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 50(5), p.3361 - 3371, 2025/03
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Multidisciplinary Sciences)This study pioneers the use of radiative heating for high-resolution visualisation and quantification of the eutectic melt composition, providing a novel approach to observing the melting and candling phenomena. Key findings include two distinct failure processes: SS cladding detachment forming molten droplets and fragmentation of B pellets, with sintering observed in B powder.
阿部 有希子; 中山 理智*; 安藤 麻里子; 丹下 健*; 澤田 晴雄*; Liang, N.*; 小嵐 淳
Geoderma, 455, p.117221_1 - 117221_11, 2025/03
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Soil Science)森林土壌に蓄積されている炭素の半分以上が下層土壌(30cm以深)に存在している。しかし、下層土壌の陸域炭素循環における寄与やそれを制御する要因については未解明な点が多い。そこで本研究では、下層土壌からのCO放出量を定量評価するとともに、CO放出に影響を与える要因を明らかにすることを目的とした。有機炭素蓄積特性の異なる2つのタイプの森林土壌(火山灰土壌と非火山灰土壌)を対象に、深さ60cmまでの土壌を採取し、培養実験により深さごとのCO放出速度を測定した。また、放出されたCOの放射性炭素同位体比を分析した。その結果、下層土壌からのCO放出は、全体(深さ0-60cm)の放出量の6-23%を担い、1950年以降に固定された有機炭素の分解に起因していることが明らかになった。下層土壌からのCO放出は、土壌微生物が利用しやすい有機炭素の量と微生物バイオマス量に規定されていることが示唆された。
Lee, J.; Rossi, F.; 児玉 有; 弘中 浩太; 小泉 光生; 佐野 忠史*; 松尾 泰典*; 堀 順一*
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 211, p.111017_1 - 111017_7, 2025/02
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Nuclear Science & Technology)Silica glass has been used as a base and host material in vitrified radioactive waste and lithium glass scintillator for neutron detection because of its superb transparency, high heat resistance, and excellent chemical inertness. Therefore, an accurate total cross section of the silica glass is important to evaluate the criticality safety for the vitrified wastes and to understand the neutron response for lithium glass scintillators accurately. In the present study, to provide the accurate total cross section in the thermal and epithermal energy range, the neutron transmission measurements were carried out by a pulsed neutron beam with the time-of-flight method at the Kyoto University Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science - Linear Accelerator. We obtained the neutron total cross section of the silica glass in the energy region from 0.002 eV to 25 eV. The obtained results were compared and discussed with the previous results and the evaluated data.
Naeem, M.*; Ma, Y.*; Tian, J.*; Kong, H.*; Romero-Resendiz, L.*; Fan, Z.*; Jiang, F.*; Gong, W.; Harjo, S.; Wu, Z.*; et al.
Materials Science & Engineering A, 924, p.147819_1 - 147819_10, 2025/02
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)Face-centered cubic (fcc) medium-/high-entropy alloys (M/HEAs) typically enhance strength and ductility at cryogenic temperatures via stacking faults, twinning, or martensitic transformation. However, in-situ neutron diffraction on VCoNi MEA at 15 K reveals that strain hardening is driven solely by rapid dislocation accumulation, without these mechanisms. This results in increased yield strength, strain hardening, and fracture strain. The behavior, explained by the Orowan equation, challenges conventional views on cryogenic strengthening in fcc M/HEAs and highlights the role of dislocation-mediated plasticity at low temperatures.
Song, Y.*; Xu, S.*; 佐藤 駿介*; Lee, I.*; Xu, X.*; 大森 俊洋*; 長迫 実*; 川崎 卓郎; 鬼柳 亮嗣; Harjo, S.; et al.
Nature, 638, p.965 - 971, 2025/02
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：88.78(Multidisciplinary Sciences)In advanced applications like aerospace and space exploration, materials must balance lightness, functionality, and extreme thermal fluctuation resistance. Shape-memory alloys show promise with strength, toughness, and substantial strain recovery due to superelasticity, but maintaining low mass and effective operation at cryogenic temperatures is challenging. We hereby introduce a novel shape-memory alloy that adheres to these stringent criteria. Predominantly composed of Ti and Al with a chemical composition of Ti
Al
Cr
, this alloy 25 is characterized by a low density (4.36
10
kg/m) and a high specific strength (18510 Pa
m/kg) at room temperature, while exhibiting excellent superelasticity. The superelasticity, owing to a reversible stress-induced phase transformation from an ordered body-centered cubic parent phase to an ordered orthorhombic martensite, allows for a recoverable strain exceeding 7%. Remarkably, this functionality persists across a broad range of temperatures, from deep cryogenic 4.2 K to above room temperature, arising from an unconventional temperature dependence of transformation stresses. Below a certain threshold during cooling, the critical transformation stress inversely correlates with temperature. We interpret this behavior from the perspective of a temperature-dependent anomalous lattice instability of the parent phase. This alloy holds potential in everyday appliances requiring flexible strain accommodations, as well as components designed for extreme environmental conditions such as deep space and liquefied gases.
Metcalfe, R.*; Benbow, S. J.*; 川間 大介*; 舘 幸男
Science of the Total Environment, 958, p.177690_1 - 177690_17, 2025/01
花崗岩が隆起している条件を対象とした地層処分の安全評価においては、隆起による地質条件の変化とそれに伴う放射性核種の移行・遅延特性への影響を考慮する必要がある。このような地質環境の長期変遷を考慮した安全評価では、十分に現実的な数値モデルと適切なパラメータを適用する必要がある。しかしながら、隆起過程には、岩石特性や核種移行特性の変化などを含む複雑な連成現象が含まれるため、モデルの開発には困難を伴う。ここでは、いくつかの代表的な放射性核種を対象とした連成モデル解析を通じて、現実的で保守的なプロセスの概念化とモデルパラメータの設定を検討するための方法論を提示する。
三浦 泰人*; 宮本 慎太郎*; 丸山 一平*; Aili, A.*; 佐藤 拓未; 永江 勇二; 五十嵐 豪*
Case Studies in Construction Materials, 21, p.e03571_1 - e03571_14, 2024/12
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Construction & Building Technology)In this study, the expansion behavior of cement materials after high-temperature heating and water immersion was observed experimentally. Two experiments were conducted using mortar specimens with different sand-to-cement ratios subjected to different high-temperature histories up to 1000
C. In Case 1, the specimens were immersed in water after high-temperature heating and then cooled naturally; in Case 2, the specimens were immersed in water at high temperatures without the cooling process. Based on the results, it was confirmed that lime expansion due to the rehydration of CaO by heating occurred in Case 1. In contrast, dynamic continuous explosive spalling occurred in Case 2 because of water penetration into the specimen at a high temperature. The explosive spalling in water observed in Case 2 is a phenomenon that has not been reported to date. Possible failure mechanisms for lime expansion and continuous expansive spalling in water are suggested.
CrNHFine, L.*; Lav
n, R.*; Wei, Z.*; 津森 竜也*; 陰山 洋*; 梶本 亮一; Jimenz-Ruiz, M.*; Koza, M. M.*; Karlsson, M.*
Chemistry of Materials, 37(1), p.489 - 496, 2024/12
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Chemistry, Physical)We report results on the configuration and vibrational dynamics of hydride-ions (H
) in the novel nitridehydride catalyst CaCrNH, by means of variable temperature inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments, harmonic phonon calculations, and machine-learning molecular dynamics (MLMD) calculations. The combined analyses of experimental and theoretical data show that the vibrational dynamics of H are manifested as a broad, asymmetric vibrational band between 80 and 130 meV. Crucially, these modes are polarized along the crystallographic 
axis, and their dispersive character reveals significant interactions between neighbouring H in the material. We find that most H are surrounded by two other H and that the H sites of the studied sample have an occupancy of at least 95%. We argue that this high H occupancy may be related to the material's high efficiency as a catalyst for ammonia synthesis.
長田 充弘; 福田 将眞; 末岡 茂; 中嶋 徹; 横山 立憲; Wall, C. J.*; 檀原 徹*; 岩野 英樹*; 田上 高広*
フィッション・トラックニュースレター, (37), p.11 - 13, 2024/12
近年、分析技術の発達により100万年以降の若い地質単元でもジルコンによるU-Th-Pb年代測定が可能となりつつある。しかしながら、その分析を評価しうる若い標準試料はほとんどない。本研究では、著者らが研究をすすめている100万年オーダーのジルコン試料(TRG04とOGPK)を対象に、同位体希釈表面電離質量分析(ID-TIMS)法によるU-Pb年代測定を試みた。その結果、それぞれ予察的に2.6654
0.0016Maおよび1.12660.0014MaのU-Pb年代を得た。
Liu, P.-F.*; Li, X.*; Li, J.*; Zhu, J.*; Tong, Z.*; 古府 麻衣子*; 楡井 真実; Xu, J.*; Yin, W.*; Wang, F.*; et al.
National Science Review, 11(12), p.nwae216_1 - nwae216_10, 2024/12
被引用回数：12 パーセンタイル：91.22(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Crystalline solids exhibiting inherently low lattice thermal conductivity (
) are of great importance in applications such as thermoelectrics and thermal barrier coatings. However, cannot be arbitrarily low and is limited by the minimum thermal conductivity related to phonon dispersions. In this work, we report the liquid-like thermal transport in a well-ordered crystalline CsAg
Te
, which exhibits an extremely low value of 
0.18 WmK. On the basis of first-principles calculations and inelastic neutron scattering measurements, we find that there are lots of low-lying optical phonon modes at 3.1 meV hosting the avoided-crossing behavior with acoustic phonons. These strongly localized modes are accompanied by weakly bound rattling Ag atoms with thermally induced large amplitudes of vibrations. Using the two-channel model, we demonstrate that coupling of the particle-like phonon modes and the heat-carrying wave-like phonons is essential for understanding the low , which is heavily deviated from the 
temperature dependence of the standard Peierls theory. In addition, our analysis indicates that the soft structural framework with liquid-like motions of the fluctuating Ag atoms is the underlying cause that leads to the suppression of the heat conduction in CsAgTe. These factors synergistically account for the ultralow value. Our results demonstrate that the liquid-like heat transfer could indeed exist in a well-ordered crystal.
Metcalfe, R.*; 舘 幸男; 笹尾 英嗣; 川間 大介*
Science of the Total Environment, 957, p.177375_1 - 177375_17, 2024/12
放射性廃棄物の地層処分の安全評価では、将来において地下水を介した放射性核種の移行が岩盤のバリア性能によって遅延されることを示す必要がある。サイトが選定される前の初期段階の安全評価は、特定のサイト条件を考慮しない一般的なものであり、保守的なパラメータ値や簡略化された安全評価モデルに基づくことになる。その後の特定のサイトを対象とした安全評価では、長期的な地質環境の変遷やその放射性核種の移行・遅延への影響を考慮可能な、より現実的なモデルが必要となる。隆起はそのような長期的な地質環境の変遷の一つである。ここでは、日本の既往の研究に基づき、花崗岩の特性が隆起に伴ってどのように変化するかについての知見をレビューする。また、花崗岩の隆起に伴う放射性核種の移行と遅延過程に関する概念モデルと一般的なシナリオを提示し、安全評価を支える現実的な数値モデルの基礎を提示する。
