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鷲谷 忠博; 小山 真一; 高野 公秀; 三次 岳志
電気評論, 105(9), p.64 - 71, 2020/09
福島第一原子力発電所(1F)廃炉における燃料デブリの取り出しでは、その特性に応じた取り出し工具、取り出し方法が検討されている。また、取り出し後の安定な保管や処理・処分のためには、燃料デブリの特性や化学的な安定性をよく理解し、適切な方策を選ぶ必要がある。本稿では、これまでの様々な検討でわかってきた燃料デブリの特性と、その取り扱い上の課題を紹介する。
池内 宏知; 矢野 公彦; 鷲谷 忠博
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 57(6), p.704 - 718, 2020/06
被引用回数:6 パーセンタイル:52.74(Nuclear Science & Technology)福島第一原子力発電所から取り出された燃料デブリへの効果的な処置方策を提案する上では、燃料デブリ中でUがとりうる化学形についての詳細な調査が不可欠である。特に、アクセス性に乏しい圧力容器内に残留する燃料デブリに関する情報が重要である。本研究では、圧力容器内燃料デブリ中、特にマイナー相におけるUの化学形を評価することを目的とし、1F-2号機の事故進展での材料のリロケーション及び環境変化を考慮した熱力学計算を実施した。組成,温度,酸素量といった計算条件は、既存の事故進展解析の結果から設定した。計算の結果、Uの化学形はFeとOの量によって変化し、Feの少ない領域で-(Zr,U)(O)、Feの多い領域でFe
(Zr,U) (Laves相)の生成が顕著であった。還元性条件で生成するこれらの金属相中には数パーセントのUが移行しており、燃料デブリの処置において核物質の化学分離を考慮する場合はこれらの相の生成に留意すべきと考えられる。
仲吉 彬; Jegou, C.*; De Windt, L.*; Perrin, S.*; 鷲谷 忠博
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 360, p.110522_1 - 110522_18, 2020/04
被引用回数:15 パーセンタイル:84.27(Nuclear Science & Technology)Simulated in-vessel and ex-vessel fuel debris, fabricated in the Colima experimental facility set up in the PLINIUS platform at CEA Cadarache, were selected and leaching experiments were carried out under oxidizing conditions. In parallel, geochemical modeling was performed to better understand the experimental concentrations, pH evolutions and secondary phase's formation. Finally, the Fractional Release Rates of the (U, Zr)O matrix for the two kinds of samples (in-vessel and ex-vessel) were found to be close to or one order of magnitude lower than that of SF under oxidizing conditions (from 10
to 10
per day), but the release processes are different.
Brissonneau, L.*; 池内 宏知; Piluso, P.*; Gousseau, J.*; David, C.*; Testud, V.*; Roger, J.*; Bouyer, V.*; 北垣 徹; 仲吉 彬; et al.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 528, p.151860_1 - 151860_18, 2020/01
被引用回数:18 パーセンタイル:87.32(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)In the framework of JAEA-CEA collaboration, experimental studies have been conducted for estimating the material characteristics of corium debris representative of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear damaged plants. A test has been performed in the VULCANO facility in CEA Cadarache to simulate the concrete corium interaction (CCI) with prototypic corium (using depleted uranium) and concrete of Fukushima Daiichi 1F1 Nuclear Plant. This paper presents the Post Test Analyses on 9 samples representative of the CCI during this test: in the corium pool, in the crusts and at the vertical and horizontal interfaces with the concrete. Analyses have been performed by SEM/EDS, X-Ray Diffraction, complete dissolution and ICP, micro-hardness measurements of the main phases. The major phases encountered are uranium rich and zirconium rich oxides forming nodules from micrometers to millimeters size, chromium-iron rich precipitates of several micrometers, metallic Fe-Ni droplets and chromium-silicon rich filaments in a matrix, likely vitreous, rich in concrete elements: Si, Al, Ca, but containing up to 12 cations. The matrix is the softer oxide phase, when the Cr rich precipitates are the harder. The analyses are consistent with the estimated macroscopic ablation ratio, but do not still explain the important axial ablation observed for this specific basaltic concrete. The different phases formation, distribution and solidification path are discussed. First comparisons are proposed with the former CCI tests with European concretes. These results give helpful insights for the future dismantling of the plant and for a deeper understanding of the CCI process for basaltic concrete.
鷲谷 忠博; 鈴木 俊一*
日本機械学会誌, 122(1211), p.13 - 15, 2019/10
2019年5月に開催された廃炉国際ワークショップ(FDR2019)のTrack 2: Debris Removal Strategy, Risk, Debris Characterizationの内容を取りまとめた。本Trackではキーノートとして「東京電力ホールディングス(株)福島第一原子力発電所の廃炉のための技術戦略プラン2018」に関する講演が行われ、加えて福島第一原子力発電所(1F)廃炉の進め方と廃炉への課題が紹介された。また、研究報告として、燃料デブリ取出しに必要なデブリの切断技術、ダストの発生挙動評価及び取出し時のリスク研究等の報告が行われた。本誌ではTrack-2の報告内容を概説する。
北垣 徹; 池内 宏知; 矢野 公彦; Brissonneau, L.*; Tormos, B.*; Domenger, R.*; Roger, J.*; 鷲谷 忠博
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 56(9-10), p.902 - 914, 2019/09
被引用回数:8 パーセンタイル:61.05(Nuclear Science & Technology)Characterization of fuel debris is required to develop fuel debris removal tools. Especially, knowledge pertaining to the characteristics of molten core-concrete interaction (MCCI) product is needed because of the limited information available at present. The samples of a large-scale MCCI test performed under quenching conditions, VULCANO VW-U1, by CEA were analyzed to evaluate the characteristics of the surface of MCCI product generated just below the cooling water. As a result, the microstructure of the samples were found to be similar despite the different locations of the test sections. The Vickers hardness of each of the phases in these samples was higher than that of previously analyzed samples in another VULCANO test campaign, VBS-U4. From the comparison between analytical results of VULCANO MCCI test product, MCCI product generated under quenching condition is homogeneous and its hardness could be higher than that of the bulk MCCI product.
仲吉 彬; 池内 宏知; 北垣 徹; 鷲谷 忠博; Bouyer, V.*; Journeau, C.*; Piluso, P.*; Excoffier, E.*; David, C.*; Testud, V.*
Proceedings of International Topical Workshop on Fukushima Decommissioning Research (FDR 2019) (Internet), 4 Pages, 2019/05
A large-scale Molten Core-Concrete Interaction (MCCI) test (VF-U1) under the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F) conditions (core material composition, concrete, and decay heat) was conducted at the large MCCI test facility (VULCANO) owned by French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) in France. About 50 kg of simulated debris was melted and brought into contact with concrete to erode concrete under 1F conditions. After cooling, the concrete test section (concrete and MCCI product) was dismantled. Main observations of the structure of solidified pool (crust, porosity, oxide/metal layer, etc.) and of the ablation are given. The technical results obtained herein are summarized, and they provide interesting knowledge that will help with the decommissioning of 1F.
Bouyer, V.*; Journeau, C.*; Haquet, J. F.*; Piluso, P.*; 仲吉 彬; 池内 宏知; 鷲谷 忠博; 北垣 徹
Proceedings of 9th Conference on Severe Accident Research (ERMSAR 2019) (Internet), 13 Pages, 2019/03
Fuel debris removal is one of the most important processes for decommissioning a severely damaged nuclear power plant (NPP) such as Fukushima Daiichi NPP (1F). In order to develop relevant removal tools, characteristics of fuel debris are required. In the frame of a JAEA-CEA cooperation, a large-scale MCCI test was performed at the CEA/VULCANO facility using a prototypic metal and oxide corium representative from Fukushima Daiichi unit 1 conditions. Conclusions arising from the material analysis of the selected samples will be relevant for future dismantling operations. This paper deals with the experimental device and process, objective and initial conditions of this MCCI test, and ablation of the concrete quantified in term of volume, depths and velocities. The test section concrete, made with Japanese components, is siliceous with basaltic origin. The main objective of the test was to get a significant ablation leading to an ablation volume ratio of 1.6 in order to produce fuel debris with a composition corresponding to expected conditions in the damaged plant. On a phenomenological point of view, it must be noted that the concrete ablation was clearly anisotropic with a predominantly downwards ablation contrary to previous experiments with silica and limestone concrete.
仲吉 彬; Bottomley, D.; 鷲谷 忠博
Proceedings of 56th Annual Meeting on Hot Laboratories and Remote Handling (HOTLAB 2019) (Internet), 3 Pages, 2019/00
"Preparatory Study on Analysis of Fuel debris" (PreADES) project was recommended by the Senior Expert Group (SEG) on Safety Research Opportunities post-Fukushima (SAREF) as a "near-term project". The PreADES project will summarise the collected knowledge and expertise of debris characterisation and identify the needs for debris analyses that will most contribute to the decommissioning of 1F. The project also aims to improve the understanding of severe accidents and reactor safety assessments as well as creating appropriate and optimal methodologies for future debris sampling, retrieval, and storage. Consequently, the project provides important input for a future international project of sample examination based on "long-term considerations".
矢野 公彦; 北垣 徹; 鷲谷 忠博; 宮本 泰明; 小川 徹
Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology (Internet), 5, p.225 - 228, 2018/11
福島第一原子力発電所の廃炉に向けたロードマップによると、燃料デブリ取り出しは2021年、すなわち燃料デブリ生成の10年後に開始される予定である。また燃料デブリは燃料取り出しの終了まで炉内に存在することになる。加えて、炉から取り出された燃料デブリに対して保管が必要になることは想像に難くない。このような事故後の燃料デブリに対する作業を検討するうえで、数十年間の燃料デブリの状態や特性を議論することは不可欠である、そこで原子力機構は燃料デブリの中長期的挙動に関する研究開発戦略を暫定するとともに、この課題に対して国内の大学や他の研究機関と協力し基礎研究を立ち上げている。
北垣 徹; 池内 宏知; 矢野 公彦; 荻野 英樹; Haquet, J.-F.*; Brissonneau, L.*; Tormos, B.*; Piluso, P.*; 鷲谷 忠博
Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology (Internet), 5, p.217 - 220, 2018/11
Characterization of the fuel debris is required to develop fuel debris removal tools for the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (1F). In this study, the VULCANO MCCI test, VBS-U4, was selected as 1F similar conditions and the characteristics of the samples were examined. In the molten pool sample, the round-edged corium-rich oxides region, with diameters of 1-10 mm, is surrounded by a concrete-rich oxide region. It shows convection of the molten pool. Other samples also show the features of the MCCI progression. The main chemical forms of the samples are SiO, (U,Zr)O
, Fe and so on. The microstructure of the samples is heterogeneous structure composed of these phases. The difference in Vickers hardness between the metallic phases and the oxide phases is a distinctive characteristic. It can be noted that the heterogeneous distribution of metallic phases in 1F MCCI products interrupt with the removal operation such as by damaging the core-boring bit.
鷲谷 忠博; 宮本 泰明
Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 117(1), p.47 - 50, 2017/10
廃炉国際共同研究センター(CLADS)では福島第一原子力発電所の廃止措置への貢献の一環として、燃料デブリの性情把握、事故事象の解析、事故廃棄物の管理、遠隔技術の開発等の基礎基盤研究について、廃炉研究やSA研究を中心に国内外の英知を結集して研究開発を進めている。本報ではCLADSにおけるこれらの研究の概要を紹介するとともにCLADSにおける研究成果を報告する。
北垣 徹; 矢野 公彦; 荻野 英樹; 鷲谷 忠博
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 486, p.206 - 215, 2017/04
被引用回数:35 パーセンタイル:94.90(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The solidification phases of molten core-concrete under the estimated molten core-concrete interaction (MCCI) conditions in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1 were predicted using the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation tool in order to contribute toward the 1F decommissioning work and to understand the accident progression via the analytical results for the 1F MCCI products. We showed that most of the U and Zr in the molten core-concrete forms (U,Zr)O and (Zr,U)SiO
, and the formation of other phases with these elements is limited. However, the formation of (Zr,U)SiO
requires a relatively long time. Therefore, the formation of (Zr,U)SiO
is limited under quenching conditions. The solidification phenomenon of the crust under quenching conditions and that of the molten pool under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions in the 1F MCCI progression are discussed.
飯嶋 静香; 内田 直樹; 田口 克也; 鷲谷 忠博
JAEA-Review 2015-018, 39 Pages, 2015/11
福島第一原子力発電所の使用済燃料プールの燃料には、海水、コンクリート等の不純物の付着・同伴に加え、落下したガレキによる損傷の可能性もある。これらの損傷燃料等について、再処理が可能か否かを判断するための指標を整備することを目的として、漏えい燃料等の処理経験を有する東海再処理施設並びに海外再処理施設の処理実績、福島第一原子力発電所のプール燃料の貯蔵状況及び点検・調査結果等を整理した上で、損傷燃料等を再処理する際の技術的課題を摘出するとともに、必要な研究要素を整理した。また、研究要素に関する試験・検討結果に基づき、再処理可否を判断するための分別指標を整備した。
鷲谷 忠博; 矢野 公彦; 鍛治 直也; 山田 誠也*; 紙谷 正仁
Proceedings of 23rd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-23) (DVD-ROM), 7 Pages, 2015/05
福島第一原子力発電所の燃料デブリ取出し後の処置については、燃料デブリ取出し開始時までにデブリの処置の選択決定に係る一定の議論が必要になるものと想定し、それまでに各シナリオの比較評価に用いる情報や比較評価の進め方を決める必要がある。そのため、本検討では燃料デブリの取出し後の処置シナリオの検討に向けた技術的要件の整理として、各処置シナリオ案の得失評価を行った。評価の結果、総合すると技術課題は有するものの経済性、廃棄物発生量の面で有利なシナリオは長期保管及び直接処分と推定された。一方、安定化処理、湿式処理、乾式処理は経済性、廃棄物発生量の面で不利と推定された。
廣岡 瞬; 加藤 正人; 森本 恭一; 鷲谷 忠博
Proceedings of 19th Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference (PBNC 2014) (USB Flash Drive), 8 Pages, 2014/08
福島第一原子力発電所におけるシビアアクシデント以来、炉心から溶融燃料を取り出すための技術開発が行われているが、炉心へのアクセス、燃料デブリの切断、臨界安全管理、フィッサイルの推定、取り出し後の保管等の課題が残っている。本研究では、模擬燃料デブリを用いた解析から燃料デブリの物性を評価し、温度分布や密度分布のような事故後経時変化するデブリの内部状況の推定を行った。融点,熱伝導率,熱膨張等の物性は、UO及びジルカロイから製作した模擬デブリによって取得した。
池内 宏知; 石原 美穂; 矢野 公彦; 鍛治 直也; 中島 靖雄; 鷲谷 忠博
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 51(7-8), p.996 - 1005, 2014/07
被引用回数:12 パーセンタイル:64.97(Nuclear Science & Technology)To explore the possibility of dissolving fuel debris as a potential pre-treatment for waste treatment, dissolution tests of UZr
O
and (U,Pu)
Zr
O
were carried out in 6 M HNO
at 353 K. While the U and Zr indicated congruent leaching from the simulated debris with U-rich compositions, a preferential leaching of U was observed with Zr-rich compositions. Taking into account these different dissolution phenomena, the dissolution rate analysis was carried out using surface-area model to calculate the instantaneous dissolution rate (IDR). From these findings, dissolution with HNO
is expected to be only applicable in U-rich compositions (
0.3) if the dissolution in 6 M HNO
at 353 K is assumed. Application of complexing acids such as mixture of HNO
and HF should be considered to increase the dissolution rate of the phases with Zr-rich compositions.
矢野 公彦; 北垣 徹; 池内 宏知; 涌井 遼平; 樋口 英俊; 鍛治 直也; 小泉 健治; 鷲谷 忠博
Proceedings of International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference; Nuclear Energy at a Crossroads (GLOBAL 2013) (CD-ROM), p.1554 - 1559, 2013/09
For the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), defueling work for the fuel debris in the reactor core of Unit 1-3 is planned to be started within 10 years. Preferential items in the characterization of the fuel debris were identified for the defueling work at 1F, in which the procedure and handling tools were assumed from information of 1F and experience of Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) accident. The candidates of defueling tools for 1F were selected from TMI-2 defueling tools. It was found out that they were categorized as 6 groups by their working principles. Important properties on the fuel debris for the defueling were picked up from considering influence of objective materials on their performance. The selected properties are shape, size, density, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, melting point, hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness. In these properties, mechanical properties, i.e. hardness, elastic modulus, fracture toughness were identified as preferential items, because there are few data on that of fuel debris in the past severe accident studies.
池内 宏知; 近藤 賀計*; 野口 芳宏*; 矢野 公彦; 鍛治 直也; 鷲谷 忠博
Proceedings of International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference; Nuclear Energy at a Crossroads (GLOBAL 2013) (CD-ROM), p.1349 - 1356, 2013/09
For the decommissioning of Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), characterization of fuel-debris in cores of Unit 1-3 is necessary. In this study, typical phases of fuel-debris generated in reactor pressure vessel were suggested by means of thermodynamic calculation using compositions of core materials and core temperatures. At low ogygen potential where metallic zirconium remains, (U,Zr)O, UO
, and ZrO
were formed as oxides, and oxygen-dispersed Zr, Fe
(Zr,U), and Fe
UZr
were formed as metals. With an increase in zirconium oxidation, the mass of those metals, especially Fe
UZr
, were decreased, but the other phases of metals hardly changed qualitatively. Consequently, (U,Zr)O
is suggested as a typical phase of oxide, and Fe
(Zr,U) is suggested as that of metal. This result can contribute to the characterization of debris in 1F, which will be also revised by considering the effect of iron content in RPV.
池内 宏知; 佐野 雄一; 柴田 淳広; 小泉 務; 鷲谷 忠博
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 50(2), p.169 - 180, 2013/02
被引用回数:10 パーセンタイル:59.29(Nuclear Science & Technology)高速炉燃料再処理において高重金属濃度の溶解液を得るため、燃料の短尺せん断片を用いた効率的な溶解プロセスを確立した。照射済MOX燃料の溶解速度に対するPu富化度,重金属濃度、及びせん断長さによる影響を調査した。その結果、照射済燃料の溶解速度はPu富化度の上昇とともに指数関数的に減少するが、未照射燃料と比べて100から1000倍程度増加することがわかった。浸透理論による速度論的解析の結果、重金属濃度の増加により固液比が減少し、燃料への硝酸の浸透性が低下することで溶解速度が低下することが示唆された。せん断長さの短尺化(長さ10mm)により、燃料の比表面積が増加することで硝酸の浸透性が改善され、高重金属濃度の条件においても従来再処理における濃度条件と同程度に溶解速度が維持されることがわかった。