Initialising ...
Initialising ...
Initialising ...
Initialising ...
Initialising ...
Initialising ...
Initialising ...
Martin, P. G.*; Louvel, M.*; Cipiccia, S.*; Jones, C. P.*; Batey, D. J.*; Hallam, K. R.*; Yang, I. A. X.*; 佐藤 志彦; Rau, C.*; Mosselmans, J. F. W.*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 10(1), p.2801_1 - 2801_7, 2019/06
二次イオン質量分析(SIMS)測定とシンクロトロン放射(SR)分析技術を福島第一原子力発電所(FDNPP)の1号機原子炉由来のサブミリメートル粒状物質に対して分析を行った。これらの方法によりより大きなSiベースの放出物に含まれるミクロンスケールのU微粒子の分布、状態および同位体組成を調査することが可能であった。SRマイクロフォーカスX線蛍光(SR-micro-XRF)と吸収コントラストSRマイクロフォーカスX線トモグラフィー(SR-micro-XRT)を組み合わせることにより、U微粒子は粒子の外周の周りに位置することがわかった。高多孔質粒子これらの捕捉された粒子のいくつかのシンクロトロン放射マイクロフォーカスX線吸収端近傍構造(SR-micro-XANES)分析により、U(IV)酸化状態で存在することを明らかにした。このUが原発由来であることの確認は、FDNPPの1号機からの出所に特徴的な同位体濃縮比を有する二次イオン質量分析(SIMS)分析によって検証された。これらの結果は、使用済み燃料放出物が存在するという事象シナリオ(炉心1号機からある程度の炉心細分化および放出が起こったこと)の明確な証拠である。このUが環境や健康への危害を表す可能性は低いと予想されるが、将来的に母材であるSi含有バルク粒子の分解が生じると推定される。
針井 一哉; Seo, Y.-J.*; 堤 康雅*; 中堂 博之; 大柳 洸一*; 松尾 衛; 塩見 雄毅*; 小野 崇人*; 前川 禎通; 齊藤 英治
Nature Communications (Internet), 10(1), p.2616_1 - 2616_5, 2019/06
Electric current has been used to send electricity to far distant places. On the other hand, spin current, a flow of electron spin, can in principle also send angular momentum to distant places. In a magnet, there is a universal spin carrier called a spin wave, a wave-type excitation of magnetization. Since spin waves exhibit a long propagation length, it should be able to send angular momentum that can generate torque and force at a distant place: a new function of magnets. Here we observe mechanical angular momentum transmission and force generation due to spin waves injected into Y
Fe
O
by the spin-Seebeck effect. The spin-wave current, transmitted through a YFeO micro cantilever, was found to create a mechanical force on the cantilever as a non-local reaction of the spin-Seebeck effect. Spin-wave current can be generated remotely even in open circuits, and it can be used to drive micro mechanical devices.
Bi
Se
Wang, J.*; Ran, K.*; Li, S.*; Ma, Z.*; Bao, S.*; Cai, Z.*; Zhang, Y.*; 中島 健次; 河村 聖子; 
erm
k, P.*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 10, p.2802_1 - 2802_6, 2019/06
Superconductivity mediated by phonons is typically conventional, exhibiting a momentum-independent 
-wave pairing function, due to the isotropic interactions between electrons and phonons along different crystalline directions. Here, by performing inelastic neutron scattering measurements on a superconducting single crystal of SrBiSe, a prime candidate for realizing topological superconductivity by doping the topo-logical insulator BiSe, we found that there exist singular phonons, with the linewidths of the acoustic phonons increasing substantially at long wavelengths, but only for those along the [001] direction. This observation indicates a large and singular electron-phonon coupling at small momenta, which we propose to give rise to the exotic 
-wave nematic superconducting pairing in the MxBiSe (M = Cu, Sr, Nb) superconductor family. Therefore, we show that these superconductors may be the first examples where electron-phonon interaction can induce more exotic superconducting pairing than the -wave.
那波 和宏*; 田中 公人*; 栗田 伸之*; 佐藤 卓*; 杉山 晴紀*; 植草 秀裕*; 河村 聖子; 中島 健次; 田中 秀数*
Nature Communications (Internet), 10, p.2096_1 - 2096_8, 2019/05
固体物理学の分野において、現在、その省エネルギーの情報伝達や情報処理への応用もにらんで、トポロジカル物質の探索が精力的に行われている。近年の研究では、フェルミオンである電子にとどまらず、ボゾンにおいてもトポロジカルな状態が生まれることが示唆されている。ここで我々は、スピン1/2のダイマー反強磁性体BaCuSiO
Clについて中性子非弾性散乱実験を行い、トポロジカル的に重要と思われるトリプロンのバンドを測定した。実験結果は、ダイマー間相互作用の小さな交替により生じていると思われるトリプロンバンドの分裂を明瞭に捉えた。解析により、BaCuSiOClについては、初めてとなるボゾンによって実現した結合型Su-Schrieffer-Heeger模型を実現した系であると思われ、トポロジカルに保護された端状態が存在しているものと思われる。
Si as a reference for the Luttinger theorem and antiferromagnetism in trivalent heavy-fermion YbRhSiG
ttler, M.*; Generalov, A.*; 藤森 伸一; Kummer, K.*; Chikina, A.*; Seiro, S.*; Danzenb
cher, S.*; Koroteev, Yu. M.*; Chulkov, E. V.*; Radovic, M.*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 10(1), p.796_1 - 796_7, 2019/02
パーセンタイル：100(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Application of the Luttinger Theorem (LT) to the canonical heavy-fermion Kondo Lattice (KL) material YbRhSi suggests that its large 4f-derived Fermi surface (FS) in the paramagnetic (PM) regime should be similar in shape and volume to that of the divalent local moment anti-ferromagnet (AFM) EuRhSi in its PM regime. This leads to the tempting opportunity to explore a new experimental realization of the LT in general and how the large FS may change upon the AFM transition below 70 mK in YbRhSi in particular. A detailed knowledge of the FS reconstruction might be essential to disclose the properties of this phase, which is a precursor of quantum criticality and superconductivity. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we observe a large FS for PM EuRhSi essentially the same as the one seen in YbRhSi in the KL state at a temperature of 1 K. Across the EuRhSi AFM transition we found an extensive fragmentation of the FS due to Brillouin zone folding, intersection and resulting hybridization of the Doughnut and Jungle gym Fermi-surface sheets. Our results on EuRhSi indicate that the formation of the AFM state in YbRhSi is very likely also connected with large changes in the FS, which have to be taken into account in the controversial analysis and discussion of anomalies observed at the quantum critical point in this system.
Carnevali, P. B. M.*; Schulz, F.*; Castelle, C. J.*; Kantor, R. S.*; Shih, P. M.*; Sharon, I.*; Santini, J.*; Olm, M. R.*; 天野 由記; Thomas, B. C.*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 10, p.463_1 - 463_15, 2019/01
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：17.48(Multidisciplinary Sciences)The metabolic platform in which microbial aerobic respiration evolved is tightly linked to the origins of Cyanobacteria (Oxyphotobacteria). Melainabacteria and Sericytochromatia, close phylogenetic neighbores to Oxyphotobacteria comprise both fermentative and aerobic representatives, or clades that are capablee of both. Here, we predict the metabolisms of Margulisbacteria from two distinct environments and Saganbacteria, and compare them to genomes of organisms from the related lineages. Melainabacteria BJ4A obtained from Mizunami site are potentially able to use O and other terminal electron acceptors. The type C heme-copper oxygen reductase found in Melainabacteria BJ4A may be adapted to low O levels, as expected for microaerophilic or anoxic environments such as the subsurface. Notably, Melainabacteria BJ4A seems to have a branched electron transport chain, with one branch leading to a cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidoreductase and the other one leading to the type C heme-copper oxygen reductase. Both these enzymes have high affinity for O, thus are adapted to low O levels. These contemporary lineages have representatives with fermentative H-based metabolism, lineages capable of aerobic or anaerobic respiration, and lineages with both. Our findings support the idea that the ancestor of these lineages was an anaerobe in which fermentation and H metabolism were central metabolic features.
Lustikova, J.*; 塩見 雄毅*; 横井 直人*; 壁谷 典幸*; 木村 憲彰*; 家永 紘一郎*; 金子 真一*; 大熊 哲*; 高橋 三郎*; 齊藤 英治
Nature Communications (Internet), 9, p.4922_1 - 4922_6, 2018/11
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：49.95(Multidisciplinary Sciences)A rectenna, standing for a rectifying antenna, is an apparatus which generates d.c. electricity from electric fluctuations. It is expected to realize wireless power transmission as well as energy harvesting from environmental radio waves. To realize such rectification, devices that are made up of internal atomic asymmetry such as an asymmetric junction have been necessary so far. Here we report a material that spontaneously generates electricity by rectifying environmental fluctuations without using atomic asymmetry. The sample is a common superconductor without lowered crystalline symmetry, but, just by putting it in an asymmetric magnetic environment, it turns into a rectifier and starts generating electricity. Superconducting vortex strings only annihilate and nucleate at surfaces, and this allows the bulk electrons to feel surface fluctuations in an asymmetric environment: a vortex rectenna. The rectification and generation can be switched on and off with only a slight change in temperature or external magnetic fields.
寺田 典樹*; Qureshi, N.*; Chapon, L. C.*; 長壁 豊隆
Nature Communications (Internet), 9, p.4368_1 - 4368_9, 2018/10
パーセンタイル：100(Multidisciplinary Sciences)We have succeeded in carrying out the first spherical neutron polarimetry (SNP) experiments in conjunction with the application of pressure, working with the multiferroic delafossite CuFeO and using the newly developed nonmagnetic hybrid anvil high pressure cell (HAC). This work determined the detailed magnetic structures in the pressure-induced ferroelectric phases of this material, as well as nonpolar phases at ambient pressure. The present study provides evidence that SNP measurements are viable even in combination with high pressure conditions.
Nordlund, K.*; Zinkle, S. J.*; Sand, A. E.*; Granberg, F.*; Averback, R. S.*; Stoller, R.*; 鈴土 知明; Malerba, L.*; Banhart, F.*; Weber, W. J.*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 9, p.1084_1 - 1084_8, 2018/03
被引用回数：21 パーセンタイル：1.29(Multidisciplinary Sciences)原子衝突プロセスは、電子顕微鏡、半導体加工、原子力発電等、数多くの先進的な材料技術の基本である。ここ数十年にわたる広範な実験および計算シミュレーション研究によって、弾き出し損傷時に起きる原子スケールのプロセスを理解するための物理的基礎が確立された。損傷を定量化するための現在の国際標準はNorgett-Robinson-Torrens(NRT)-dpaと呼ばれているが、現在それにはいくつかの欠点が知られている。特に、金属のカスケード損傷で生成される欠陥の数は、NRT-dpa予測の約1/3であるのに対し、原子の混合に関与する原子数はdpa値よりも約30倍大きい。本研究では、弾き出し損傷をより現実的に記述し、NRT-dpaを拡張する2つの新しい指標を提案する。
by tuning nematicity and magnetism in FeSe
S
superconductors松浦 康平*; 水上 雄太*; 新井 佑基*; 杉村 優一*; 前島 尚行*; 町田 晃彦*; 綿貫 徹*; 福田 竜生; 矢島 健*; 広井 善二*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 8, p.1143_1 - 1143_6, 2017/10
被引用回数：16 パーセンタイル：13.58(Multidisciplinary Sciences)A fundamental issue concerning iron-based superconductivity is the roles of electronic nematicity and magnetism in realising high transition temperature (). To address this issue, FeSe is a key material, as it exhibits a unique pressure phase diagram involving nonmagnetic nematic and pressure-induced antiferromagnetic ordered phases. However, as these two phases in FeSe have considerable overlap, how each order affects superconductivity remains perplexing. Here we construct the three-dimensional electronic phase diagram, temperature (
) against pressure (
) and iso-valent S-substitution (
), for FeSeS. By simultaneously tuning chemical and physical pressures, against which the chalcogen height shows a contrasting variation, we achieve a complete separation of nematic and antiferromagnetic phases. In between, an extended nonmagnetic tetragonal phase emerges, where shows a striking enhancement. The completed phase diagram uncovers that high- superconductivity lies near both ends of the dome-shaped antiferromagnetic phase, whereas remainslow near the nematic critical point.
CoSbO
伊藤 沙也*; 栗田 伸之*; 田中 秀数*; 河村 聖子; 中島 健次; 伊藤 晋一*; 桑原 慶太郎*; 加倉井 和久*
Nature Communications (Internet), 8, p.235_1 - 235_6, 2017/08
被引用回数：11 パーセンタイル：19.69(Multidisciplinary Sciences)A spin-1/2 triangular-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet (TLHAF) is a prototypical frustrated quantum magnet, which exhibits remarkable quantum many-body effects that arise from the synergy between spin frustration and quantum fluctuation. The ground-state properties of a spin-1/2 TLHAF are theoretically well understood. However, magnetic excitations are less well understood and the theoretical consensus is limited. The experimental study of the magnetic excitations in spin-1/2 TLHAFs has also been limited. Here we show the whole picture of magnetic excitations in the spin-1/2 TLHAF BaCoSbO investigated by inelastic neutron scattering. Significantly different from the theory, the excitation spectra have a three-stage energy structure. The lowest first stage is composed of dispersion branches of single-magnon excitations. The second and third stages are dispersive continua accompanied by columnar continuum extending above 10 meV, which is six times larger than the exchange interaction J=1.67 meV. Our results indicate the necessity of a new theoretical framework.
五十嵐 正安*; 松本 朋浩*; 八木橋 不二夫*; 山下 浩*; 大原 高志; 花島 隆泰*; 中尾 朗子*; 茂吉 武人*; 佐藤 一彦*; 島田 茂*
Nature Communications (Internet), 8, p.140_1 - 140_8, 2017/07
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：70.98(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Orthosilicic acid (Si(OH)
) and its small condensation compounds are among the most important silicon compounds but have never been isolated, despite the long history of intense research due to their instability. These compounds would be highly useful building blocks for advanced materials if they become available at high purity. We developed a simple procedure to selectively synthesize orthosilicic acid, its dimer, cyclic trimer, and tetramer, as well as appropriate conditions to stabilize these species, in organic solvents. Isolation of orthosilicic acid, the dimer and the cyclic tetramer as hydrogen-bonded crystals with tetrabutylammonium halides and of the cyclic trimer as solvent-containing crystals was achieved. The solid-state structures of these compounds were unambiguously clarified by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and also by neutron diffraction study for orthosilicic acid. Based on these results, we also succeeded in developing a more practical synthetic procedure for high concentrations of stable orthosilicic acid stably in organic solvents via a simple hydrolysis of tetraalkoxysilanes.
NHPbILi, B.; 川北 至信; Liu, Y.*; Wang, M.*; 松浦 直人*; 柴田 薫; 河村 聖子; 山田 武*; Lin, S.*; 中島 健次; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 8, p.16086_1 - 16086_9, 2017/06
被引用回数：24 パーセンタイル：5.65(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Perovskite CHNHPbI exhibits outstanding photovoltaic performances, but the understanding of the atomic motions remains inadequate even though they take a fundamental role in transport properties. Here, we present a complete atomic dynamic picture consisting of molecular jumping rotational modes and phonons, which is established by carrying out high-resolution time-of-flight quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements in a wide energy window ranging from 0.0036 to 54 meV on a large single crystal sample, respectively. The ultrafast orientational disorder of molecular dipoles, activated at approximately 165 K, acts as an additional scattering source for optical phonons as well as for charge carriers. It is revealed that acoustic phonons dominate the thermal transport, rather than optical phonons due to sub-picosecond lifetimes. These microscopic insights provide a solid standing point, on which perovskite solar cells can be understood more accurately and their performances are perhaps further optimized.
飯塚 理子*; 八木 健彦*; 後藤 弘匡*; 奥地 拓生*; 服部 高典; 佐野 亜沙美
Nature Communications (Internet), 8, p.14096_1 - 14096_7, 2017/01
被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：12.17(Multidisciplinary Sciences)地球の核の密度は純鉄の密度よりも低く、核の中の軽い元素は長年の問題である。水素は太陽系内で最も豊富な元素であり、したがって重要な候補の1つである。しかし、これまで水素の鉄への溶解過程は不明であった。ここでは、高圧高温その場中性子回折実験を行い、含水鉱物の混合物が加熱されると、含水鉱物が脱水された直後に鉄が水素化されることを明らかにしている。これは、地球の進化の初期に、蓄積された原始物質が熱くなったときに、他の物質が溶けこむ前に水素の鉄への溶解が起こったことを意味する。これは、水素が地球進化の過程で鉄に溶解した最初の軽元素であり、その後のプロセスにおいて他の軽元素の挙動に影響を及ぼす可能性があることを示唆している。
大門 俊介*; 井口 亮*; 日置 友智*; 齊藤 英治; 内田 健一*
Nature Communications (Internet), 7, p.13754_1 - 13754_7, 2016/12
被引用回数：27 パーセンタイル：7.54(Multidisciplinary Sciences)The Peltier effect modulates the temperature of a junction comprising two different conductors in response to charge currents across the junction, which is used in solid-state heat pumps and temperature controllers in electronics. Recently, in spintronics, a spin counterpart of the Peltier effect was observed. The "spin Peltier effect" modulates the temperature of a magnetic junction in response to spin currents. Here we report thermal imaging of the spin Peltier effect; using active thermography technique, we visualize the temperature modulation induced by spin currents injected into a magnetic insulator from an adjacent metal. The thermal images reveal characteristic distribution of spin-current-induced heat sources, resulting in the temperature change confined only in the vicinity of themetal/insulator interface. This finding allows us to estimate the actual magnitude of the temperature modulation induced by the spin Peltier effect, which is more than one order of magnitude greater than previously believed.
Oh, J.*; Le, M. D.*; Nahm, H.-H.*; Sim, H.*; Jeong, J.*; Perring, T. G.*; Woo, H.*; 中島 健次; 河村 聖子; Yamani, Z.*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 7, p.13146_1 - 13146_6, 2016/10
被引用回数：14 パーセンタイル：14.62(Multidisciplinary Sciences)(Y,Lu)MnOにおいて、磁気励起とフォノンが結合する磁気弾性励起を中性子散乱により観測し、その量子的振る舞いを調べた。
Frandsen, B. A.*; Liu, L.*; Cheung, S. C.*; Guguchia, Z.*; Khasanov, R.*; Morenzoni, E.*; Munsie, T. J. S.*; Hallas, A. M.*; Wilson, M. N.*; Cai, Y.*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 7, p.12519_1 - 12519_8, 2016/08
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：40.56(Multidisciplinary Sciences)RENiO (RE = rare-earth element) and VO are archetypal Mott insulator systems. When tuned by chemical substitution (RENiO) or pressure (VO), they exhibit a quantum phase transition (QPT) between an antiferromagnetic Mott insulating state and a paramagnetic metallic state. Because novel physics often appears near a Mott QPT, the details of this transition, such as whether it is first or second order, are important. Here, we demonstrate through muon spin relaxation/rotation experiments that the QPT in RENiO and VO is first order: the magnetically ordered volume fraction decreases to zero at the QPT, resulting in a broad region of intrinsic phase separation, while the ordered magnetic moment retains its full value until it is suddenly destroyed at the QPT. These findings bring to light a surprising universality of the pressure-driven Mott transition, revealing the importance of phase separation and calling for further investigation into the nature of quantum fluctuations underlying the transition.
Qiu, Z.*; Li, J.*; Hou, D.*; Arenholz, E.*; N'Diaye, A. T.*; Tan, A.*; 内田 健一*; 佐藤 浩司*; 岡本 聡*; Tserkovnyak, Y.*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 7, p.12670_1 - 12670_6, 2016/08
被引用回数：50 パーセンタイル：2.85(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Spin fluctuation and transition have always been one of the central topics of magnetism and condensed matter science. Experimentally, the spin fluctuation is found transcribed onto scattering intensity in the neutron-scattering process, which is represented by dynamical magnetic susceptibility and maximized at phase transitions. Importantly, a neutron carries spin without electric charge, and therefore it can bring spin into a sample without being disturbed by electric energy. However, large facilities such as a nuclear reactor are necessary. Here we show that spin pumping, frequently used in nanoscale spintronic devices, provides a desktop microprobe for spin transition; spin current is a flux of spin without an electric charge and its transport reflects spin excitation. We demonstrate detection of antiferromagnetic transition in ultra-thin CoO films via frequency-dependent spin-current transmission measurements, which provides a versatile probe for phase transition in an electric manner in minute devices.
Hou, D.*; Qiu, Z.*; 井口 亮*; 佐藤 浩司*; Vehstedt, E. K.*; 内田 健一*; Bauer, G. E. W.*; 齊藤 英治
Nature Communications (Internet), 7, p.12265_1 - 12265_6, 2016/07
被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：33.51(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Applying magnetic fields has been the method of choice to magnetize non-magnetic materials, but they are difficult to focus. The magneto-electric effect and voltage-induced magnetization generate magnetization by applied electric fields, but only in special compounds or heterostructures. Here we demonstrate that a simple metal such as gold can be magnetized by a temperature gradient or magnetic resonance when in contact with a magnetic insulator by observing an anomalous Hall-like effect, which directly proves the breakdown of time-reversal symmetry. Such Hall measurements give experimental access to the spectral spin Hall conductance of the host metal, which is closely related to other spin caloritronics phenomena such as the spin Nernst effect and serves as a reference for theoretical calculation.
Geprgs, S.*; Kehlberger, A.*; Coletta, F.*; Qiu, Z.*; Guo, E.-J.*; Schulz, T.*; Mix, C.*; Meyer, S.*; Kamra, A.*; Althammer, M.*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 7, p.10452_1 - 10452_6, 2016/02
被引用回数：49 パーセンタイル：2.95(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Magnons are the elementary excitations of a magnetically ordered system. Here, we show that the spin Seebeck effect is sensitive to the complexities of the magnon spectrum. The spin Seebeck effect is caused by a thermally excited spin dynamics that is converted to a voltage by the inverse spin Hall effect at the interface to a heavy metal contact. By investigating the temperature dependence of the spin Seebeck effect in the ferrimagnet gadlinium iron garnet, with a magnetic compensation point near room temperature, we demonstrate that high-energy exchange magnons play a key role in the spin Seebeck effect.
