JRR-3利用申請システムRING (Research Information NaviGator)の拡張

阿部 一英

JAEA-Review 2024-065, 26 Pages, 2025/03

JAEA-Review-2024-065.pdf:2.55MB

日本原子力研究開発機構が保有する試験研究炉「JRR-3」は、令和3年2月26日に約10年ぶりに運転を再開した。この研究炉は供用施設として運営されており、外部からの利用者も受け入れている。利用課題の提案から成果報告書の提出までの手続きは、オンラインシステム「JRR-3 RING(Research Information NaviGator)」(https://jrr3ring.jaea.go.jp/)を通じて行われる。RINGは、課題申請、スケジュール調整、データ共有、成果報告までを一括して管理できるシステムであり、供用再開に向けた整備が進められてきた。RINGは特にビーム利用ユーザーの利便性を重視して設計されており、申請手続きの簡略化やスケジュール調整の柔軟性向上、データ管理機能の強化が特徴である。このシステムの導入によりユーザーは効率的かつ安全に研究を進めることが可能になった。今後JRR-3は国内外の多様な研究者に利用される中性子研究のプラットフォームとしての役割を拡大していく。供用再開とRINGの拡張は、中性子利用研究の活性化に寄与し、産業界や学術界との連携を推進する重要な一歩である。今回、新たに整備された機能や今後の展望について、報告する。

Radiological dose from seafood ingestion; A Global summary from 40 years of study

Johansen, M. P.*; Gwynn, J. P.*; Carpenter, J. G.*; Charmasson, S.*; McGinnity, P.*; 森 愛理; Orr, B.*; Simon-Cornu, M.*; Osvath, I.*

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 55(6), p.422 - 445, 2025/00

https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2024.2413202

Seafood is an important source for meeting future global nutrient demands. However, it also contributes disproportionately to the radiological ingestion dose of more than five billion world consumers - up to 70%-80% of the total-foods dose in some countries. Although numerous studies report seafood doses in specific populations, there is still no comprehensive evaluation answering basic questions such as "what is the ingestion dose to the average global seafood consumer?" Analysis of 238 worldwide seafood dose estimates suggests that typical adult consumers receive from 0.13 to 0.21 mSv, with a likely best estimate of 0.15 mSv per annual seafood intake. Those consuming large amounts of seafood, particularly bivalves, may experience ingestion doses exceeding 1 mSv per annual intake, surpassing other routine background dose sources. The published studies suggest that doses of 3 mSv or greater are surpassed in about 150 million adult seafood consumers worldwide. Almost all this dose comes from the natural radionuclides that are prevalent in marine systems - especially Po. While trace levels of anthropogenic radionuclides are ubiquitous in seafoods (e.g.,Cs and Pu), the added dose from these is typically orders of magnitude lower. Even following the large-scale releases from the Fukushima accident, with food safety controls in place, the additional dose to consumers in Japan was small relative to routine dose from natural background radionuclides. However, the worldwide seafood dose estimates span seven orders of magnitude, indicating a need for an assessment that integrates global seafood radionuclide data as well as incorporating changes in seafood consumption and production patterns.

Diffusion controlled hydrolysis in geopolymers under gamma irradiation

Cantarel, V.; Chupin, F.; Ortega-Charlot, M.*; 山岸 功; 上野 文義

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 592, p.154969_1 - 154969_9, 2024/04

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.154969

When nuclear waste is immobilized in cement or geopolymer, gases may be generated by corrosion and radiolysis. This production must be accurately predicted, and waste loading and countermeasures selected accordingly to avoid overpressure and limit the risk of explosion in the case of dihydrogen (H). We measured and simulated H generation and release from water-saturated geopolymer confined in a glass bottle under Co gamma irradiation. It was observed that confinement of H in the pores of a high pH geopolymer could lead to recombination of more than 99.9% of the hydrogen generated by radiolysis. Shrinkage can allow hydrogen to diffuse between the geopolymer and the vessel, reducing the fraction of recombined H to 90% at our experimental scale. We then used a model to scale up the results of our experiments. The hydrogen release of a saturated geopolymer in a standard 200 L drum is expected to be equivalent to that of a hydraulic binder containing approximately 2% moisture. Harnessing the effects of recombination would make it possible to preserve the capacity of countermeasures such as H absorbers, increase the loading capacity of waste packages, and reduce the cost of nuclear waste immobilization.

Spontaneous topological Hall effect induced by non-coplanar antiferromagnetic order in intercalated van der Waals materials

高木 寛貴*; 高木 里奈*; 見波 将*; 野本 拓也*; 大石 一城*; 鈴木 通人*; 柳 有起*; 平山 元昭*; Khanh, N.*; 軽部 皓介*; et al.

Nature Physics, 19(7), p.961 - 968, 2023/07

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02017-3

In ferromagnets, electric current generally induces a transverse Hall voltage in proportion to the internal magnetization. This effect is frequently used for electrical readout of the spin up and down states. While these properties are usually not expected in antiferromagnets, recent theoretical studies predicted that non-coplanar antiferromagnetic order with finite scalar spin chirality - meaning a solid angle spanned by neighboring spins - can induce a large spontaneous Hall effect even without net magnetization or external magnetic field. This phenomenon, the spontaneous topological Hall effect, can potentially be used for the efficient electrical readout of the antiferromagnetic states, but it has not been experimentally verified due to a lack of appropriate materials hosting such magnetism. Here, we report the discovery of all-in-all-out type non-coplanar antiferromagnetic order in triangular lattice compounds CoTaS and CoNbS. These compounds are reported to host unconventionally large spontaneous Hall effect despite their vanishingly small net magnetization, and our analysis reveals that it can be explained in terms of the topological Hall effect that originates from the fictitious magnetic field associated with scalar spin chirality. These results indicate that the scalar spin chirality mechanism offers a promising route to the realisation of giant spontaneous Hall response even in compensated antiferromagnets, and highlight intercalated van der Waals magnets as a promising quasi-two-dimensional material platform to enable various nontrivial ways of electrical reading and possible writing of non-coplanar antiferromagnetic domains.

Possible pathway of zeolite formation through alkali activation chemistry of metakaolin for geopolymer-zeolite composite materials; ATR-FTIR study

Onutai, S.; 佐藤 淳也; 大杉 武史

Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 319, p.123808_1 - 123808_10, 2023/03

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123808

The process of zeolite formation for geopolymer-zeolite composites can be explained using ATR/FTIR spectroscopy. The process consists of the dissolution of silica and alumina precursors from the alkali activation process of metakaolin with NaOH solution. Thereafter, the formation of hydrated aluminosilicate primary units and secondary units occurs. Finally, the units are reorganized and crystallized into the zeolite structure. The increase in the alkali activator concentrations promotes the high dissolution of raw materials. Na cations play an important role in dissolution and synthesis. The higher the alkali activator concentration, the higher the tetrahedron condensation rate and the greater the degree of structure ordering. The phases in alkali activation of metakaolin with different NaOH concentrations (Na/Al) at 1.18, 2.03, and 3.05 were zeolite-A, zeolite-X, and sodalite zeolite. Finally, the possible pathway of zeolite formation was explained and deduced.

Emulsification of low viscosity oil in alkali-activated materials

Reeb, C.*; Davy, C. A.*; Pierlot, C.*; Bertin, M.*; Cantarel, V.; Lambertin, D.*

Cement and Concrete Research, 162, p.106963_1 - 106963_16, 2022/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106963

Significant amounts of low viscosity mineral oil (20 %vol) are successfully immobilized in alkali-activated materials (AAM), either based on metakaolin or blast furnace slag. Surfactants are required to stabilize of the oil emulsion. Visual observation, torque measurement and rheology evidence two distinct groups of surfactants. One group contributes to structuring the oil/AAM fresh mix, with greater torque and viscosity than without surfactant; the other includes non-structuring surfactants, without change in torque or viscosity. Each group depends on the AAM considered. Whatever the AAM and the surfactant, the interfacial tension between oil/activating solution and the oil droplet size decrease significantly. Therefore, although contributing to stabilize the emulsion, interfacial tension alone does not explain the two distinct behaviors. Characterization of diluted ternary suspensions (solid particles-oil-AS) relates the structuring effect to interactions between oil and solid particles, through the surfactant polar head groups and non-polar hydrocarbon tails. An original mechanism explaining structuration is discussed.

燃料デブリ取出し時における放射性核種飛散防止技術の開発(委託研究); 令和2年度英知を結集した原子力科学技術・人材育成推進事業

廃炉環境国際共同研究センター; 東京大学*

JAEA-Review 2022-010, 155 Pages, 2022/06

JAEA-Review-2022-010.pdf:9.78MB

日本原子力研究開発機構(JAEA)廃炉環境国際共同研究センター(CLADS)では、令和2年度英知を結集した原子力科学技術・人材育成推進事業(以下、「本事業」という)を実施している。本事業は、東京電力ホールディングス株式会社福島第一原子力発電所の廃炉等をはじめとした原子力分野の課題解決に貢献するため、国内外の英知を結集し、様々な分野の知見や経験を、従前の機関や分野の壁を越えて緊密に融合・連携させた基礎的・基盤的研究及び人材育成を推進することを目的としている。平成30年度の新規採択課題から実施主体を文部科学省からJAEAに移行することで、JAEAとアカデミアとの連携を強化し、廃炉に資する中長期的な研究開発・人材育成をより安定的かつ継続的に実施する体制を構築した。本研究は、研究課題のうち、平成30年度に採択された「燃料デブリ取出し時における放射性核種飛散防止技術の開発」の平成30年度から令和3年度の研究成果について取りまとめたものである(令和3年度まで契約延長)。本課題は令和3年度が最終年度となるため4年度分の成果を取りまとめた。本研究は、東京電力ホールディングス株式会社福島第一原子力発電所の燃料デブリ取出し時に発生する放射性微粒子を着実に閉じ込めるために、気相及び液相における微粒子の挙動を明らかにするとともに、微粒子飛散防止技術を開発することを目的としている。具体的には、微粒子飛散防止技術として、(1)スプレー水等を利用して最小限の水で微粒子飛散を抑制する方法、及び(2)燃料デブリを固化して取り出すことで微粒子飛散を抑制する方法について、実験及びシミュレーションにより評価し、実機適用可能性を評価した。

Dynamics of water in a catalyst layer of a fuel cell by quasielastic neutron scattering

伊藤 華苗; 山田 武*; 篠原 朗大*; 高田 慎一; 川北 至信

Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 125(39), p.21645 - 21652, 2021/10

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06014

The catalyst layer (CL) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) plays a critical role in the performance of a PEFC. In this study, we investigate the water dynamics in the CL using quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and small-angle neutron scattering. The temperature dependence of the mean square displacement u shows that the freezing of water does not occur at a melting temperature in the Nafion thin film of the CL, suggesting that the water is confined in a smaller region than 15 . The QENS measurements established three kinds of water in the CL: immobile water tightly connected to a sulfonic group, water in a fast mode assigned to free diffusion restricted in a sphere, and water in a slow mode described by a jump diffusion model. Assuming that these three modes were independent, the number of water molecules in each mode was estimated. On discussing the structure and dynamics elucidated in the study, we finally conclude that the coupled model of the fast and slow modes is plausible for describing the diffusion of water confined in the thin Nafion film of the CL.

Microparticles with diverse sizes and morphologies from mechanical and laser cutting of fuel debris simulants and geopolymer as a covering material

Zhou, Q.*; 斉藤 拓巳*; 鈴木 誠矢; 矢野 公彦; 鈴木 俊一*

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 58(4), p.461 - 472, 2021/04

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2020.1869623

During the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, the dismantling of massive fuel debris is important for the defueling process. The production and dispersion of radioactive microparticles highly depends on the cutting technique implemented. Previous studies have been conducted on the development of cutting techniques and the treatment of radioactive particles generation during the cutting process. Besides, adequate understanding of the microparticle products during the cuttings of fuel debris is of vital necessity. Nowadays, geopolymer application is proposed as a covering material during the fuel debris retrieval in order to keep the structural integrity of damaged components. In this study, the microparticle products during mechanical and laser cutting of fuel debris simulants (Hafnium oxide and Tungsten(IV) oxide pellets) and geopolymer material were investigated. The cuttings have been carried out for samples of the simulants, geopolymer, and simulants with geopolymer covering. The generated particles were collected and investigated by laser diffraction particle size analyzer and Scanning Electron Microscope with X-ray spectrometry. Particles with diverse sizes and morphologies were observed from the products of each sample. It also appears that particles with unique sizes and morphologies can generate from the laser cuttings due to the thermal effect of laser cutting.

燃料デブリ取出し時における放射性核種飛散防止技術の開発(委託研究); 令和元年度英知を結集した原子力科学技術・人材育成推進事業

廃炉環境国際共同研究センター; 東京大学*

JAEA-Review 2020-043, 116 Pages, 2021/01

JAEA-Review-2020-043.pdf:7.74MB

日本原子力研究開発機構(JAEA)廃炉環境国際共同研究センター(CLADS)では、令和元年度英知を結集した原子力科学技術・人材育成推進事業(以下、「本事業」という)を実施している。本事業は、東京電力ホールディングス福島第一原子力発電所の廃炉等をはじめとした原子力分野の課題解決に貢献するため、国内外の英知を結集し、様々な分野の知見や経験を、従前の機関や分野の壁を越えて緊密に融合・連携させた基礎的・基盤的研究及び人材育成を推進することを目的としている。平成30年度の新規採択課題から実施主体を文部科学省からJAEAに移行することで、JAEAとアカデミアとの連携を強化し、廃炉に資する中長期的な研究開発・人材育成をより安定的かつ継続的に実施する体制を構築した。本研究は、研究課題のうち、平成30年度に採択された「燃料デブリ取出し時における放射性核種飛散防止技術の開発」の令和元年度の研究成果について取りまとめたものである。本研究は、微粒子飛散を効果的に抑制する技術を開発しており、実験の結果、水ミストを使ってスプレイする方法がエアロゾル除去効率と除去率を改善する上で効果的かつ適用可能な手法であることが分かった。また燃料デブリを固めて切断時に微粒子飛散を抑制する手法として、ジオポリマーによる固化手法に注目し、同材の強度、熱伝導率や切断粉の特徴を把握するとともに、RPV施工時における温度分布や流動に関するシミュレーションを実施した。