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Influence of oxide film to stress corrosion cracking of zirconium in boiling nitric acid solution

沸騰硝酸溶液中におけるジルコニウムのSCCに及ぼす酸化皮膜の影響

加藤 千明   ; 石島 暖大 ; 本岡 隆文; 山本 正弘 

Kato, Chiaki; Ishijima, Yasuhiro; Motooka, Takafumi; Yamamoto, Masahiro

ジルコニウムは、硝酸溶液で優れた耐食性を示すことが知られている。しかし、ジルコニウムの不働態破壊電位以上の高電位領域となる濃硝酸中において応力腐食割れ(SCC)感受性を有することが知られている。不働態破壊電位以上では厚い酸化皮膜が生成することから、ジルコニウムのSCC発生機構に関して電位と酸化皮膜成長の関係を調査した。3, 6と9mol/dm$$^{3}$$沸騰硝酸を用い、電気化学測定と定電位腐食試験を実施した。定電位腐食試験は、ジルコニウムの不働態破壊電位を中心とした貴な電位と卑な電位で実施し、試験時間を10, 100と500hとすることで酸化皮膜成長速度を評価した。ジルコニウムの電気化学測定結果から、ジルコニウムは不働態破壊電位を超えると急速にアノード溶解を生じ、この遷移過程がSCC発生に大きな影響を与えていることが明らかとなった。また、定電位腐食試験の結果から、ジルコニウムの酸化物生成は不働態破壊電位より少し小さい電位域から成長を始め、不働態破壊電位以上では急激に成長することが明らかとなった。また、厚い酸化皮膜の下には無応力状態でも割れが発生することが確認され、ジルコニウムのSCC発生は酸化皮膜の成長過程と密接な関係があることが明らかとなった。また、割れはジルコニウムの異方性の影響を受け(0002)面に沿って進展する傾向が観察された。一方、不働態破壊電位より十分卑な電位域では、酸化皮膜の成長は全く観察されず、SCC発生の可能性が極めて小さいことが明らかとなった。

Zirconium has excellent corrosion resistance in nitric acid solutions. However, it has been known that zirconium has stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility in concentrated HNO$$_{3}$$ with nobler corrosion potential. In this study, we investigated the oxide film growth of zirconium related SCC initiation with various potentials in boiling nitric acid solutions. Electrochemical tests and corrosion tests with various applied potentials conducted in boiling 3, 6 and 9 mol/dm$$^{3}$$ HNO$$_{3}$$. The potentials in the corrosion tests were set at 1.16, 1.4 and 1.5 V vs. saturated KCl-Ag/AgCl electrode (SSE). These were in the region of trans-passive state of zirconium in boiling nitric acid solution. The test durations were 10, 100 and 500 h. After the corrosion tests, cross-sectional observations of oxide films were conducted. From the results of electrochemical tests of zirconium, passivity region of anodic polarization curves was observed from rest potential to about 1.5 V in boiling 3 mol/dm$$^{3}$$ HNO$$_{3}$$. Rapid increase of current density was observed at the potential attributed to transition from passivity to trans-passive region. The transition potential in boiling 3, 6 and 9 mol/dm$$^{3}$$ HNO$$_{3}$$ was 1.57, 1.46 and 1.38 V vs. SSE, respectively. The potential was shifted to nobler with decreasing nitric acid concentration. The corrosion tests with various applied potentials indicated that the surfaces of the samples in trans-passive region covered with thick black oxide films. The existence of these oxide films coincided to SCC occurrence. Besides, the oxide film was extremely thin and hardly grew in the passive state potential with no SCC. These results show that SCC of zirconium was initiated by thick oxide film formation. Thus SCC occurrence of zirconium is considerably little in extremely slow oxide film growth rate under the passivity potential.

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