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3価アクチノイドの活性炭への選択的吸着

Selective adsorption of trivalent actinides to activated carbon

有阪 真 ; 渡邉 雅之   ; 木村 貴海 

Arisaka, Makoto; Watanabe, Masayuki; Kimura, Takaumi

表面酸化処理を行った活性炭(CAox)及び未処理の活性炭(CA)へのAm(III)及びEu(III)の硝酸溶液からの吸着挙動を調べ、それらの吸着機構について検討を行った。どちらの活性炭についてもAm(III)及びEu(III)の分配係数(${it K}$ $$_{d}$$)はpHの増加に対してほぼ直線的に増加した。また、酸化処理により、それらの比表面積はCAの1482m$$^{2}$$/gからCAoxの873m$$^{2}$$/gへと減少したが、Am(III)及びEu(III)の${it K}$ $$_{d}$$はともに増大した。一方で、それらの分離係数(SF=${it K}$ $$_{d}$$(Am)/${it K}$ $$_{d}$$(Eu))はより小さい値となった。酸化処理により表面に生成したカルボキシル基やカルボニル基などの酸素ドナー官能基との静電的相互作用により、イオン半径が同程度のAm(III)/Eu(III)間で${it K}$ $$_{d}$$の差が小さくなったと考えられる。

Adsorption behaviors of trivalent actinides (An(III)) and lanthanides (Ln(III)) to activated carbons with and without oxidation by concentrated nitric acid were investigated. Both An(III) and Ln(III) was adsorbed to activated carbons in the range from pH 1 to 4, and the distribution coefficients (${it K}$ $$_{d}$$) of An(III) and Ln(III) increase with an increase of pH. Activated carbon without oxidation exhibits significant selectivity to An(III) compared with Ln(III). On the other hand, the oxidation to activated carbon deteriorates the selectivity to An(III). The depletion by the oxidation was attributed to the increase of functional groups of oxygen-donor, e.g., carboxyl and/or carbonyl groups because these functional groups are unfavorable for separation between An(III) and Ln(III). The selectivity of activated carbon without oxidation would be attributed to the interaction between $$pi$$-electrons of aromatic ring and the metal ions.

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