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Grain-boundary phosphorus segregation in highly neutron-irradiated reactor pressure vessel steels and its effect on irradiation embrittlement

高照射量領域まで中性子照射された原子炉圧力容器鋼の粒界リン偏析及びその照射脆化への影響

端 邦樹 ; 高見澤 悠 ; 北條 智博*; 海老原 健一   ; 西山 裕孝 ; 永井 康介*

Hata, Kuniki; Takamizawa, Hisashi; Hojo, Tomohiro*; Ebihara, Kenichi; Nishiyama, Yutaka; Nagai, Yasuyoshi*

加圧水型軽水炉(PWR)または試験炉において0.3-1.2$$times$$10$$^{20}$$ n/cm$$^{2}$$ (E$$>$$1MeV)の範囲で中性子照射された原子炉圧力容器鋼(リン含有量: 0.007-0.012wt.%)について、粒界リン偏析量をオージェ電子分光分析により測定した。粒界リン偏析量は照射量に依存して増加した。速度論に基づくシミュレーションでも同様の粒界リン偏析量の増加を確認した。また、リン含有量が0.015wt.%(現在の国内原子炉圧力容器鋼の最大値相当)の材料では、1.0$$times$$10$$^{20}$$ n/cm$$^{2}$$まで照射した場合、粒界に偏析するリンの割合は10%程度増加することが予測された。PWR及び試験炉での照射材の結果を比較したところ、明確な照射速度効果は確認されなかった。文献データも含めたリン含有量0.026wt.%(海外炉のA533B鋼の中でも比較的高いリン含有量)までの材料に対して、粒界リン偏析量、照射硬化、延性脆性遷移温度(DBTT)シフトの各関係について調べたところ、照射硬化とDBTTシフトの間に直線関係が確認された。この直線関係は、このようなリン含有量の高い材料においてもDBTTの上昇は照射硬化で説明することができること、すなわち非硬化型脆化である粒界脆化の顕在化の可能性が低いことを示している。

Reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels for pressurized water reactors (PWRs) with bulk P contents ranging from 0.007 to 0.012wt.% were subjected to neutron irradiation at fluences ranging from 0.3 to 1.2$$times$$10$$^{20}$$ n/cm$$^{2}$$ (E $$>$$ 1 MeV) in PWRs or a materials testing reactor (MTR). Grain-boundary P segregation was analyzed using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) on intergranular facets and found to increase with increasing neutron fluence. A rate theory model was also used to simulate the increase in grain-boundary P segregation for RPV steels with a bulk P content up to 0.020wt.%. The increase in grain-boundary P segregation in RPV steel with a bulk P content of 0.015wt.% (the maximum P concentration found in RPV steels used in Japanese nuclear power plants intended for restart) was estimated to be less than 0.1 in monolayer coverage at 1.0$$times$$10$$^{20}$$ n/cm$$^{2}$$ (E $$>$$ 1 MeV). A comparison of the PWR data with the MTR data showed that neutron flux had no effect upon grain-boundary P segregation. The effects of grain-boundary P segregation upon changes in irradiation hardening and ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) shifts were also discussed. A linear relationship between irradiation hardening and the DBTT shift with a slope of 0.63 obtained for RPV steels with a bulk P content up to 0.026wt.%, which is higher than that of most U.S. A533B steels. It is concluded that the intergranular embrittlement is unlikely to occur for RPV steels irradiated in PWRs.

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パーセンタイル:91.16

分野:Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

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