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プラズマ溶融処理による低レベル放射性廃棄物の均一化に関する予察試験について

The Preliminary tests of the plasma melting treatment for homogenization of low-level radioactive wastes

中塩 信行*; 大杉 武史  ; 黒澤 重信; 石川 譲二; 邉見 光 ; 池谷 正太郎; 横堀 智彦

Nakashio, Nobuyuki*; Osugi, Takeshi; Kurosawa, Shigenobu; Ishikawa, Joji; Hemmi, Ko; Iketani, Shotaro; Yokobori, Tomohiko

日本原子力研究開発機構の原子力科学研究所は、低レベル放射性固体状廃棄物の処分を視野に入れた廃棄物処理のために高減容処理施設の運用を開始した。処理対象廃棄物のうち、放射性非金属廃棄物の均一化条件を明らかにするために、焼却・溶融設備の固定炉床型プラズマ加熱式溶融炉を用いて予察試験を実施した。これまでの文献調査や小規模溶融実験装置での試験を通じて、均一化条件を左右する溶融廃棄物の流動性は、廃棄物の化学成分と溶融温度によって一義的に決まる粘性に大きく左右されることが分かっている。予察試験では、200Lドラム缶に装荷した模擬廃棄物にコールドトレーサーを添加して溶融した。廃棄物化学成分(塩基度、酸化鉄濃度)をパラメータとして、溶融固化体の化学成分の均一性を調査し、均一化条件について考察すると共に、溶湯のトレーサーの残存率を確認した。溶融廃棄物の粘度を測定し、均一性との相関を調べた。また、今後の実操業に向けて、予め押さえておくべき技術要件を検討した。

The Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI) of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) started operation of the Advanced Volume Reduction Facilities (AVWF) for production of waste packages for disposal of low-level radioactive solid wastes (LLW). To clarify the operating conditions for homogenization of non-metallic LLW, preliminary tests were carried out using the plasma melting furnace of the non-metal melting unit. The fluidity of molten waste influences homogenization conditions of solidified products. It was clarified that the viscosity, which is determined by the chemical composition and the melting temperature, influence the fluidity of molten waste greatly through previous literature review and the small-scale melting tests. In the preliminary tests, the simulated waste with a cold tracer loaded in 200 L drums were melted. Using the waste chemical components (basicity, iron oxide concentration) as an experimental parameter, the homogeneity of the chemical components of the solidified product was investigated and the homogenization conditions of melting tests were examined. The retention ratio of the tracer in the molten bath was also confirmed. The viscosity of the molten wastes was measured and the correlation with homogeneity was examined. In addition, the technical requirements that should be concerned in advance for future actual operation were discussed.

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